Formación de callos en Gossypium barbadense L. cultivar 'MSI' a partir de segmentos de hoja de semillas germinadas in vitro

Gossypium barbadense L.) has a high economic value and potential for industrial exploitation. The objective of this research was to determine the effect of different concentrations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and ascorbic acid in callus formation of cotton cultivar 'MSI'. The initial explant was leaf segments of plants obtained from seeds in vitro germinated. Six 2,4-D concentrations (2.26, 4.52, 6.76, 9.05, 11.31 and 13.57 µM) and three of ascorbic acid (30, 60 and 90 mg l-1) were tested in culture medium in independent experiments. The percentages of total callus formation and callus with embryogenic appearance were evaluated, as well as the degree of oxidation of phenolic compounds using a scale designed for this purpose. The addition of 11.31 µM 2,4-D achieved 60% of total callus formation and 50% of callus with embryogenic appearance. The presence of oxidation of phenolic compounds was totally eliminated in the culture medium with 60 mg l-1 ascorbic acid. The use of 11.31 µM 2,4-D and 60 mg l-1 ascorbic acid in culture medium increased up to 90.33 and 88.05% the percentages of total callus formation and callus with embryogenic appearance, respectively.El algodón (Gossypium barbadense L.) tiene un alto valor económico y potencial para la explotación industrial. El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar el efecto de diferentes concentraciones de ácido 2,4-diclorofenoxiacético (2,4-D) y ácido ascórbico en la formación de callos del cultivar de algodón 'MSI'. El explante inicial fueron segmentos de hoja de plantas obtenidas de semillas germinadas in vitro. Se probaron en medio de cultivo seis concentraciones de 2,4-D (2.26, 4.52, 6.76, 9.05, 11.31 y 13.57 µM) y tres de ácido ascórbico (30, 60 y 90 mg l-1) en experimentos independientes. Se evaluaron los porcentajes de formación de callo total y de callo con apariencia embriogénica, así como el grado de oxidación de compuestos fenólicos mediante una escala diseñada para tal fin. La adición de 11.31 µM de 2,4-D logró un 60% de formación total de callo y un 50% de callo con apariencia embriogénica. La presencia de oxidación de los compuestos fenólicos se eliminó totalmente en el medio de cultivo con 60 mg l-1 de ácido ascórbico. El uso de 11.31 µM de 2,4-D y 60 mg l-1 de ácido ascórbico en el medio de cultivo incrementó hasta 90.33 y 88.05% los porcentajes de formación de callo total y callo con apariencia embriogénica, respectivamente

Composición ontológica y gnoseológica de la didáctica del extensionismo agrícola en la praxis pedagógica

Objective: The research was carried out in 10 agricultural production units of the Camajuaní municipality, with the objective of integrating into the pedagogical praxis of the Agricultural Extensionism subject, competence in knowledge management and innovation to improve the transfer of production technologies sustainable grains and oilseeds. Methodology: A diagnosis was carried out to identify the demands of sorghum, peanut, common bean and cowpea producers. A pedagogical dynamic was used to restore the technologies to generalize and achieve adaptability to the change in the productive environment of 1,500 producers. Results: Production and well-being of producers increased and 5 guidelines of the economic and social policy of the VIII Congress of the PCC were implemented. The actions achieved the sustainability of this participatory extension methodology. The competence that gives them the capacity for analysis, logical reasoning and collective action was developed in the students. Conclusions: The diagnosis made it possible to identify the technology transfer demands of producers to guarantee an increase in the sustainable production of grains and oilseeds in the Camajuaní municipality. 10 sustainable grain and oilseed production technologies were implemented. The restitution process constituted a pedagogical dynamic to generalize technologies and achieve the adaptability of producers to changes in the productive environment. The Agricultural Extensionism subject contributed to the production of food with high national security, to the increase in the well-being of producers. The applied methodology allows compliance with the instructional and educational objectives of the Agricultural Extensionism subject and its system of skills.Objetivo: La investigación fue realizada en 10 unidades de producción de la agricultura del municipio Camajuaní, con el objetivo de integrar a la praxis pedagógica de la asignatura Extensionismo Agrícola, la competencia en gestión del conocimiento y la innovación para mejorar la transferencia de tecnologías de producción sostenible de granos y oleaginosas. Metodología: Se realizó un diagnóstico para identificar las demandas de los productores de sorgo, maní, fríjol común y caupí. Se empleó una dinámica pedagógica para la restitución de las tecnologías a generalizar y logran la adaptabilidad al cambio del entorno productivo de 1500 productores. Resultados: Se incrementó la producción y el bienestar de los productores y se implementaron 5 lineamientos de la política económica y social de VIII Congreso del PCC. Las acciones lograron la sostenibilidad de esta metodología de extensionismo participativo. Se  desarrolló en  los  estudiantes  la  competencia  que  les da  capacidad  de análisis, razonamiento lógico y actuación colectiva. Conclusiones: El diagnóstico permitió identificar las demandas de transferencia de tecnología de los productores para garantizar un aumento de la producción sostenible de granos y oleaginosas en el municipio Camajuaní. Se implementaron 10 tecnologías de producción sostenible de granos y oleaginosas. El proceso de restitución constituyó una dinámica pedagógica para generalizar las tecnologías y lograr la adaptabilidad de los productores a los cambios del entorno productivo. La asignatura Extensionismo Agrícola contribuyó a la producción de alimentaría de alta seguridad nacional, al incremento del bienestar de los productores. La metodología aplicada permite dar cumplimiento a los objetivos instructivos y educativos de la asignatura Extensionismo Agrícola y a su sistema de habilidades

Morph agronomic characterization of grain sorghum variety CIAP 132R-05 plants regenerated via somatic embryogenesis under field conditions

This work was carried out to evaluate morph agronomic parameters on field conditions plant populations of grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] variety CIAP 132R-05 regenerated via somatic embryogenesis. Plants regenerated from somatic embryos use as plant material in the present work were compared with plants grown from botanical seeds. Quantitative characteristics of the two populations correspond to those listed in the National Register of Commercial Varieties of Cuba. However the population of plants derived from somatic embryos showed significantly higher values in terms of: plant height, stem diameter, length and width of limbo and panicle, fresh and dry weight of panicle length assertion, grain length, number of spikelets per panicle, number of grains per spike and panicle, fresh and dry mass of 1000 grains and agricultural yields. These assessments allowed determining the phenotypic stability of the regenerated plants via somatic embryogenesis, by assessing morphological characters in field conditions

New varieties of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) for the Agricultural Enterprise "Valle del Yabú", Santa Clara, Cuba

sowing period, common bean, agricultural performance, varietie

Efecto de dos citoquininas, ácido ascórbico y sacarosa en la obtención de plantas in vitro de sorghum bicolor para la formación de callos

Título en ingles: Effect of two cytokinin, ascorbic acid and sucrose to obtain in vitro shoots of sorghum for calli formation Resumen: El trabajo se realizó con el objetivo de obtener brotes in vitro vía organogénesis directa en sorgo variedad CIAP 2E-95, para la formación de callos con estructuras embriogénicas. Se tomaron semillas maduras de plantas que crecían en condiciones controladas, las que se desinfectaron y fueron colocadas a germinación en un medio de cultivo con las sales MS, mioinositol 100 mg L-1, sacarosa 3%, pH 5,7, Fitagel 2,5 g L-1. Para la multiplicación de los brotes, se estudiaron diferentes concentraciones de 6 Bencilaminopurina (6-BAP) y kinetina. El empleo en el medio de cultivo de multiplicación con las sales MS y 6- BAP 0,22 mg L-1, incrementó el número de brotes por explante y se observó la presencia de oxidación fenólica. La oxidación fenólica se contrarrestó con la adición al medio de cultivo de 50 mg L-1 de ácido ascórbico y se incrementó significativamente el número de brotes, altura y número de hojas. En la obtención de brotes in vitro de calidad para la formación de callos, estos fueron engrosados con las sales MS, sin reguladores de crecimiento, ácido ascórbico 50 mg L-1, Fitagel 2,5 g L-1, pH 5,7 y 40 g L-1 de sacarosa. La formación de callos con estructuras embriogénicas a partir del cilindro central de las hojas enrolladas del segmento más próximo a la base de los brotes engrosados se alcanzó a los 45 días de cultivo. Los segmentos del cilindro central de las hojas enrolladas constituyen una fuente segura y promisoria de explantes para la formación de callos embriogénicos. Palabras clave: 6 BAP; brote in vitro; callos con estrucutras embriogénicos; kinetina. Abstract: The current work aimed to obtain in vitro shoots by direct organogenesis from sorghum variety CIAP 2E-95, for the formation of calluses with embryogenic structures. Mature seeds were collected from plants grown under controlled conditions, which were disinfected and were placed in a germination medium with MS salts, myo-inositol 100 mg L-1, 3% sucrose, pH 5.7, phytagel 2.5 g L-1. Different concentrations of 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BAP) and kinetin were studied for shoot multiplication. Using 6 - BAP 0.22 mg L-1 in the multiplication culture medium increased the number of shoots per explant, showing phenolic oxidation. Adding 50 mg L-1 of ascorbic acid to the culture medium resisted phenolic oxidation and the number of sprouts (5.0), height and number of leaves increased significantly. Quality in vitro buds for callus formation were obtained  stimulating the thickening by using MS salts, without growth regulators, ascorbic acid 50 mg L-1, phytagel 2.5 g L-1 and pH 5.7 and 40 g L-1 of sucrose. The largest diameter of shoots, height, number of leaves and roots of in vitro plants, was achieved after 21 days of cultured in MS salts with 40 g L-1 sucrose. Calluses formation with embryogenic structures from the central cylinder of curled leaves of the nearest segment to the base of thickened shoots was achieved after 45 days of culture. Segments from the central cylinder of the curled leaves are a safe source for the formation of embryogenic calli. Key words: 6-BAP; in vitro shoots; callus with embryogenic structures; kineti

Efecto de dos citoquininas, ácido ascórbico y sacarosa en la obtención de plantas in vitro de Sorghum bicolor para la formación de callos

The aim of the current work was to obtain in vitro shoots by direct organogenesis from sorghum variety CIAP 2E-95, for the formation of calluses with embryogenic structures. Mature seeds were collected from plants grown under controlled conditions, which were disinfected and were placed in a germination medium with MS salts, myo-inositol 100 mg L-1, 3% sucrose, pH 5.7, phytagel 2.5 g L-1. Different concentrations of 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BAP) and kinetin were studied for shoot multiplication. Using 6 - BAP 0.22 mg L-1 in the multiplication culture medium increased the number of shoots per explant, showing phenolic oxidation. Adding 50 mg L-1 of ascorbic acid to the culture medium resisted phenolic oxidation and the number of sprouts (5.0), height and number of leaves increased significantly. Quality in vitro buds for callus formation were obtained stimulating the thickening by using MS salts, without growth regulators, ascorbic acid 50 mg L-1, phytagel 2.5 g L-1 and pH 5.7 and 40 g L-1 of sucrose. The largest diameter of shoots, height, number of leaves and roots of in vitro plants, was achieved after 21 days of cultured in MS salts with 40 g L-1 sucrose. Calluses formation with embryogenic structures from the central cylinder of curled leaves of the nearest segment to the base of thickened shoots was achieved after 45 days of culture. Segments from the central cylinder of the curled leaves are a safe source for the formation of embryogenic callus.El trabajo se realizó con el objetivo de obtener brotes in vitro vía organogénesis directa en sorgo variedad CIAP 2E-95, para la formación de callos con estructuras embriogénicas. Se tomaron semillas maduras de plantas que crecían en condiciones controladas, las que se desinfectaron y fueron colocadas a germinación en un medio de cultivo con las sales MS, mioinositol 100 mg L-1, sacarosa 3%, pH 5,7, Fitagel 2,5 g L-1. Para la multiplicación de los brotes, se estudiaron diferentes concentraciones de 6 Bencilaminopurina (6-BAP) y kinetina. El empleo en el medio de cultivo de multiplicación con las sales MS y 6- BAP 0,22 mg L-1, incrementó el número de brotes por explante y se observó la presencia de oxidación fenólica. La oxidación fenólica se contrarrestó con la adición al medio de cultivo de 50 mg L-1 de ácido ascórbico y se incrementó significativamente el número de brotes, altura y número de hojas. En la obtención de brotes in vitro de calidad para la formación de callos, estos fueron engrosados con las sales MS, sin reguladores de crecimiento, ácido ascórbico 50 mg L-1, Fitagel 2,5 g L-1, pH 5,7 y 40 g L-1 de sacarosa. La formación de callos con estructuras embriogénicas a partir del cilindro central de las hojas enrolladas del segmento más próximo a la base de los brotes engrosados se alcanzó a los 45 días de cultivo. Los segmentos del cilindro central de las hojas enrolladas constituyen una fuente segura y promisoria de explantes para la formación de callos embriogénicos

Stoma-free survival after anastomotic leak following rectal cancer resection: worldwide cohort of 2470 patients

Background: The optimal treatment of anastomotic leak after rectal cancer resection is unclear. This worldwide cohort study aimed to provide an overview of four treatment strategies applied. Methods: Patients from 216 centres and 45 countries with anastomotic leak after rectal cancer resection between 2014 and 2018 were included. Treatment was categorized as salvage surgery, faecal diversion with passive or active (vacuum) drainage, and no primary/secondary faecal diversion. The primary outcome was 1-year stoma-free survival. In addition, passive and active drainage were compared using propensity score matching (2: 1). Results: Of 2470 evaluable patients, 388 (16.0 per cent) underwent salvage surgery, 1524 (62.0 per cent) passive drainage, 278 (11.0 per cent) active drainage, and 280 (11.0 per cent) had no faecal diversion. One-year stoma-free survival rates were 13.7, 48.3, 48.2, and 65.4 per cent respectively. Propensity score matching resulted in 556 patients with passive and 278 with active drainage. There was no statistically significant difference between these groups in 1-year stoma-free survival (OR 0.95, 95 per cent c.i. 0.66 to 1.33), with a risk difference of -1.1 (95 per cent c.i. -9.0 to 7.0) per cent. After active drainage, more patients required secondary salvage surgery (OR 2.32, 1.49 to 3.59), prolonged hospital admission (an additional 6 (95 per cent c.i. 2 to 10) days), and ICU admission (OR 1.41, 1.02 to 1.94). Mean duration of leak healing did not differ significantly (an additional 12 (-28 to 52) days). Conclusion: Primary salvage surgery or omission of faecal diversion likely correspond to the most severe and least severe leaks respectively. In patients with diverted leaks, stoma-free survival did not differ statistically between passive and active drainage, although the increased risk of secondary salvage surgery and ICU admission suggests residual confounding

Stoma-free Survival After Rectal Cancer Resection With Anastomotic Leakage: Development and Validation of a Prediction Model in a Large International Cohort.

Objective:To develop and validate a prediction model (STOMA score) for 1-year stoma-free survival in patients with rectal cancer (RC) with anastomotic leakage (AL).Background:AL after RC resection often results in a permanent stoma.Methods:This international retrospective cohort study (TENTACLE-Rectum) encompassed 216 participating centres and included patients who developed AL after RC surgery between 2014 and 2018. Clinically relevant predictors for 1-year stoma-free survival were included in uni and multivariable logistic regression models. The STOMA score was developed and internally validated in a cohort of patients operated between 2014 and 2017, with subsequent temporal validation in a 2018 cohort. The discriminative power and calibration of the models' performance were evaluated.Results:This study included 2499 patients with AL, 1954 in the development cohort and 545 in the validation cohort. Baseline characteristics were comparable. One-year stoma-free survival was 45.0% in the development cohort and 43.7% in the validation cohort. The following predictors were included in the STOMA score: sex, age, American Society of Anestesiologist classification, body mass index, clinical M-disease, neoadjuvant therapy, abdominal and transanal approach, primary defunctioning stoma, multivisceral resection, clinical setting in which AL was diagnosed, postoperative day of AL diagnosis, abdominal contamination, anastomotic defect circumference, bowel wall ischemia, anastomotic fistula, retraction, and reactivation leakage. The STOMA score showed good discrimination and calibration (c-index: 0.71, 95% CI: 0.66-0.76).Conclusions:The STOMA score consists of 18 clinically relevant factors and estimates the individual risk for 1-year stoma-free survival in patients with AL after RC surgery, which may improve patient counseling and give guidance when analyzing the efficacy of different treatment strategies in future studies