Agenda de género y de primera infancia: diálogo sobre los retos que plantea el nuevo currículum de educación parvularia

This article describes the context of the public agenda promoted in recent years by the State to address gender and early childhood. It also identifies relevant initiatives that have sought to install this agenda in education and gender policy in Chile. In this framework, two former Undersecretaries of key Ministries in the field of education and gender equality, each from their perspective and considering their experiences from the role they played, discuss relevant aspects related to achievements, difficulties and challenges that the State and Chilean society face regarding the deepening of the transformations of education for gender equality. Particular emphasis is placed on the curricular dimension and the level of Early Chilhood Education.Este artículo describe el contexto de la agenda pública impulsada en años recientes desde el Estado para abordar el género y la primera infancia. Se identifican, además, iniciativas relevantes que han buscado instalar esta agenda en la implementación de las política de educación y género en Chile. En este marco, dos ex-Subsecretarias de Ministerios clave en el ámbito de la educación y la igualdad de género, cada una desde su perspectiva y considerando sus experiencias vividas desde el rol que tuvieron, dialogan sobre aspectos relevantes referidos a logros, dificultades y desafíos que enfrentan el Estado y la sociedad chilena respecto de la profundización de las transformaciones de la educación para la igualdad de género. Se hace un énfasis particular en la dimensión curricular y en el nivel de Educación Parvularia

Neutron spectra and dosimetric assessment around a neutron Howitzer container

The neutron Howitzer container at the Neutron Measurements Laboratory of the Nuclear Engineering Department of the Polytechnic University of Madrid (UPM), is equipped with a 241Am-Be neutron source of 74 GBq in its center. The container allows the source to be in either the irradiation or the storage position. To measure the neutron fluence rate spectra around the Howitzer container, measurements were performed using a Bonner spheres spectrometer and the spectra were unfolded using the NSDann program. A calibrated neutron area monitor LB6411 was used to measure the ambient dose equivalent rates, H*(10). Detailed Monte-Carlo simulations were performed to calculate the measured quantities at the same positions. The maximum relative deviation between simulations and measurements was 19.53%. After validation, the simulated model was used to calculate the equivalent dose rate in several key organs of a voxel phantom. The computed doses in the skin and lenses of the eyes are within the ICRP recommended dose limits, as is the H*(10) value for the storage position

Yield Management/ Revenue management

El Yield Management (YM) también denominado Revenue Management (RM), lo podemos definir como el conjunto de estrategias, técnicas, políticas, procedimientos y, en definitiva, filosofía de trabajo que permite asignar el producto correcto, al precio correcto y al cliente que solicita el servicio, en el momento en que se realiza la petición, de forma que se maximice el beneficio obtenido y/o ingreso. Fue desarrollado por American Airlines como respuesta a la desregulación del tráfico aéreo en Estados Unidos a finales de los setenta (1970). Posteriormente, dadas las importantes ventajas económicas conseguidas por las empresas que lo han implantado (incrementos en la facturación 4-7%, incremento en RevPAR 4-12%) su aplicación se ha adaptado a numerosos sectores (empresas de alquiler de coches, hoteles, restauración, etc.). En el equipo de investigación DOS (Dirección de Operaciones en Servicios y Turismo) se trabaja en el estudio de la aplicación y/o implantación del YM/RM en el sector hotelero desde 1998. Los resultados de la investigación realizada incluyen la realización de una tesis doctoral (Premio Extraordinario de Doctorado 04/05), numerosos artículos publicados en revistas, participaciones en congresos, capítulos de libros, etc. Las investigaciones actuales se dedican, en general, a la aplicación de la técnica en el sector hotelero y, en particular, al estudio del software de YM/RM

Characterization of multiplicative integer problems posed by future teachers

Asumiendo que los profesores deben ser capaces de formular problemas escolares, se aborda en este estudio el planteamiento de problemas multiplicativos de números enteros. Así, este artículo se centra en la caracterización de problemas multiplicativos de números enteros planteados por futuros profesores españoles de Educación Primaria. Para ello, se analizan problemas formulados por 121 estudiantes del grado de Educación Primaria -estudiantes para maestro- de la Universidad de Huelva, a los que se pidió que plantearan problemas en cuya resolución hubiera que realizar la operación 8x(-2). Para profundizar en las características, se hizo un análisis de contenido de cada uno de los problemas planteados, alrededor de cuatro aspectos: categoría semántica a la que pertenecen, coordinación de los términos usados en la formulación con los demandados, contexto en el que se ambienta, y resolubilidad del problema. Los resultados del estudio muestran que los estudiantes para maestro proponen indistintamente problemas de estructuras basadas en isomorfismos de medida y de relación escalar, a la vez que experimentan dificultades para formular el requerimiento del problema de tal manera que la solución conserve su naturaleza negativa de forma explícita. Estos resultados tienen potenciales implicaciones en la formación de maestros, que debería fomentar, desde las propuestas curriculares de la misma, la capacidad de los futuros maestros para plantear problemas matemáticos.Assuming that teachers must be able to formulate school problems, this study deals with the approach of multiplicative problems of integers. Thus, this article focuses on the characterization of multiplicative problems of integers posed by future Spanish elementary teachers. To do this, we have analyzed problems formulated by 121 students of the Primary Education Degree - prospective teachers – at the University of Huelva, who were asked to pose problems in whose resolution the operation 8x(-2) had to be carried out. To delve into the characteristics, a content analysis was made of each of the problems, covering four aspects: the semantic category they belong to, coordination of the terms used in the formulation with the demanded, context it is set within, and problem solvability. The results of the study show that prospective teachers indistinctly propose problems of structures based on isomorphisms of measure and scalar relation, while experiencing difficulties in formulating the requirement of the problem in such a way that the solution explicitly maintains its negative nature. These results have potential implications for teacher training, which should promote, based on its curricular proposals, the capacity of future teachers to pose mathematical problems

Síndrome de ojo seco y contaminación del aire por exposición a ladrilleras artesanales en el municipio de Nemocón en adultos de edades de 18 a 60 años en 2017

This project consists of identify the relationship between the pollution generated by 9 the manufacture of handmade bricks with the clinical manifestations associated with dry eye syndrome. This is a cross-sectional study, which was carried out by means of a survey carried out on population of Patio bonito, located in the city of Nemocón. It was made to people who are between 18 and 60 years old and who lived in the neighborhood of Patio Bonito and who have lived in this town for more than a year, the selection also excludes people with severe disabilities who are unable to answer the survey or those who refused to participate in the investigation. It was found that the redness of the eyes is the most frequent symptom and the less frequent inflammation at the edge of the eyelids; there is a directly proportional relationship between the symptoms of dry eye and the variables: Time living in the town, if you have worked in brick kiln and the short distance between the home they live in and a brick oven. The ocular disease and specifically the symptoms of dry eye syndrome of the population of this town is growing, it is completely associated with the existing contamination, especially that produced by brick making in artisanal ovens, and is strongly linked to a social problem that for now will not be solved. Future studies or extensions of the present could evaluate the way of contributing with the prevention of the syndrome so that the population is not affected (As for its economic source) and the environment.Este trabajo consiste en identificar la relación existente entre la contaminación que genera la fabricación artesanal de ladrillos con las manifestaciones clínicas asociadas al síndrome de ojo seco. Es un estudio transversal analítico, el cual se llevó a cabo por medio de una encuesta realizada a habitantes de Patio bonito, vereda ubicada en el municipio de Nemocón. Se realizó a personas que se encontraran en edades dentro de 18 y 60 años, que vivieran en la vereda Patio Bonito y que llevaran más de un año viviendo en esta vereda, la selección además excluye a las personas con discapacidades severas que se encuentren impedidas para contestar la encuesta o a quienes se rehusaron a participar en la investigación. Se encontró que el enrojecimiento de los ojos es el síntoma más frecuente y el menos frecuente la inflamación en el borde de los párpados; existe una relación directamente proporcional entre la sintomatología de ojo seco y las variables Tiempo viviendo en la vereda, si ha trabajado en ladrilleras y la corta distancia entre el hogar que habitan y un horno de ladrillos. La afección ocular específicamente los síntomas de síndrome de ojo seco de los habitantes de esta vereda es creciente, está completamente asociado a la contaminación existente, en especial a la producida por la fabricación de ladrillo en hornos artesanales, y está fuertemente vinculado a una problemática social que por lo pronto no será resuelta. Futuros estudios o extensiones del presente podrían evaluar la forma de contribuir con la prevención del síndrome de manera que no se vea afectada la población (En cuanto a su fuente económica) y el medio ambiente.PregradoMédico(a) Cirujan

Pathogenesis of Periodontal Disease

Inflammation is a physiological response of the innate immune system against several endogenous or exogenous stimuli. Inflammation begins with an acute pattern; however, it can become chronic by activating the adaptive immune response through cellular and noncellular mechanisms. The main etiologic factor of periodontal disease is bacteria which substantially harbor the human oral cavity. The most common periodontal diseases are gingivitis and periodontitis, whose main characteristic is inflammation. The knowledge of how immune mechanisms and inflammatory responses are regulated is fundamental to understanding the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. The purpose of this chapter is to show the current panorama of the immunological mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease

Potential effects of delphinidin-3-O-sambubioside and cyanidin-3-O-sambubioside of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. on ruminant meat and milk quality

El articulo esta publicado en una revista de Open accessThe objective was to review the potential effects of adding anthocyanin delphinidin-3-O-sambubioside (DOS) and cyanidin-3-O-sambubioside (COS) of HS in animal diets. One hundred and four scientific articles published before 2021 in clinics, pharmacology, nutrition, and animal production were included. The grains/concentrate, metabolic exigency, and caloric stress contribute to increasing the reactive oxygen species (ROS). COS and DOS have antioxidant, antibacterial, antiviral, and anthelmintic activities. In the rumen, anthocyanin might obtain interactions and/or synergisms with substrates, microorganisms, and enzymes which could affect the fiber degradability and decrease potential methane (CH4) emissions; since anthocyanin interferes with ruminal fatty acids biohydrogenation (BH), they can increase the n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), linoleic acid (LA), and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) in milk and meat, as well as improving their quality. Anthocyanins reduce plasma oxidation and can be deposited in milk and meat, increasing antioxidant activities. Therefore, the reduction of the oxidation of fats and proteins improves shelf-life. Although studies in ruminants are required, COS and DOS act as inhibitors of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACEi) and rennin expression, regulating the homeostatic control and possibly the milk yield and body weight. By-products of HS contain polyphenols as calyces with positive effects on the average daily gain and fat meat quality

Vitamin D treatment prevents uremia-induced reductions in aortic microRNA-145 attenuating osteogenic differentiation despite hyperphosphatemia

In chronic kidney disease, systemic inflammation and high serum phosphate (P) promote the de-differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) to osteoblast-like cells, increasing the propensity for medial calcification and cardiovascular mortality. Vascular microRNA-145 (miR-145) content is essential to maintain VSMC contractile phenotype. Because vitamin D induces aortic miR-145, uremia and high serum P reduce it and miR-145 directly targets osteogenic osterix in osteoblasts, this study evaluated a potential causal link between vascular miR-145 reductions and osterix-driven osteogenic differentiation and its counter-regulation by vitamin D. Studies in aortic rings from normal rats and in the rat aortic VSMC line A7r5 exposed to calcifying conditions corroborated that miR-145 reductions were associated with decreases in contractile markers and increases in osteogenic differentiation and calcium (Ca) deposition. Furthermore, miR-145 silencing enhanced Ca deposition in A7r5 cells exposed to calcifying conditions, while miR-145 overexpression attenuated it, partly through increasing α-actin levels and reducing osterix-driven osteogenic differentiation. In mice, 14 weeks after the induction of renal mass reduction, both aortic miR-145 and α-actin mRNA decreased by 80% without significant elevations in osterix or Ca deposition. Vitamin D treatment from week 8 to 14 fully prevented the reductions in aortic miR-145 and attenuated by 50% the decreases in α-actin, despite uremia-induced hyperphosphatemia. In conclusion, vitamin D was able to prevent the reductions in aortic miR-145 and α-actin content induced by uremia, reducing the alterations in vascular contractility and osteogenic differentiation despite hyperphosphatemia

Differentially Deregulated MicroRNAs as Novel Biomarkers for Neoplastic Progression in Ulcerative Colitis

Introduction: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a potentially life-threatening complication of long-standing ulcerative colitis (UC). MicroRNAs (miRNA) are epigenetic regulators that have been involved in the development of UC-associated CRC. However, their role as potential mucosal biomarkers of neoplastic progression has not been adequately studied. Methods: In this study, we analyzed the expression of 96 preselected miRNAs in human formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue of 52 case biopsies (20 normal mucosa, 20 dysplasia, and 12 UC-associated CRCs) and 50 control biopsies (10 normal mucosa, 21 sporadic adenomas, and 19 sporadic CRCs) by using Custom TaqMan Array Cards. For validation of deregulated miRNAs, we performed individual quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction in an independent cohort of 50 cases (13 normal mucosa, 25 dysplasia, and 12 UC-associated CRCs) and 46 controls (7 normal mucosa, 19 sporadic adenomas, and 20 sporadic CRCs). Results: Sixty-four miRNAs were found to be differentially deregulated in the UC-associated CRC sequence. Eight of these miRNAs were chosen for further validation. We confirmed miR-31, -106a, and -135b to be significantly deregulated between normal mucosa and dysplasia, as well as across the UC-associated CRC sequence (all P < 0.01). Notably, these miRNAs also confirmed to have a significant differential expression compared with sporadic CRC (all P < 0.05). Discussion: UC-associated and sporadic CRCs have distinct miRNA expression patterns, and some miRNAs indicate early neoplastic progression

Sociopolitical consequences of COVID-19 in the Americas, Europe, and Asia: A multilevel, multicountry investigation of risk perceptions and support for antidemocratic practices

Although different social crises may eventually favor undemocratic and authoritarian forms of governance, at some point, such antidemocratic practices require the support of a significant part of the population to be implemented. The present research investigates how and whether the COVID-19 pandemic might have favoured greater support for antidemocratic governmental practices, on the premise of regaining control and security. Using data from 17 countries (N = 4364) and national-level indicators (i.e., real number of contagions and deaths, and sociopolitical indicators), we test how the risk of contagion and death from COVID-19, along with personal orientations (i.e., social dominance orientation [SDO], right-wing authoritarianism [RWA], and perceived anomie) motivate authoritarian and antidemocratic practices. Results from multilevel models indicate that risk perception and perceptions of political instability predict a wish for stronger leadership, agreement with martial law, and support for a controlling government especially when SDO and RWA are high, while more egalitarian and less conservative people agree less with these authoritarian measures in spite of the levels of risk perception. We discuss the implications for these findings for future research on similar but also dissimilar external events (natural disasters, war, or terror incidents) and the consequences for societies with higher authoritarian tendencies.Fil: Pizarro, José J.. Universidad Católica del Norte; Chile. Universidad del País Vasco; EspañaFil: Cakal, Huseyin. Keele University; Reino UnidoFil: Méndez, Lander. Universidad del País Vasco; EspañaFil: Zumeta, Larraitz N.. Universidad del País Vasco; EspañaFil: Gracia-Leiva, Marcela. Universidad del País Vasco; EspañaFil: Basabe, Nekane. Universidad del País Vasco; EspañaFil: Navarro-Carrillo, Ginés. Universidad de Jaén; EspañaFil: Cazan, Ana Maria. Transilvania University of Brasov; RumaniaFil: Keshavarzi, Saeed. Independent Researcher; IránFil: López López, Wilson. Pontificia Universidad Javeriana; ColombiaFil: Yahiiaiev, Illia. Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv; UcraniaFil: Alzugaray Ponce, Carolina. Universidad Santo Tomas; ChileFil: Villagrán, Loreto. Universidad de Concepción; ChileFil: Moyano Díaz, Emilio. Universidad de Talca; ChileFil: Petrović, Nebojša. University of Belgrade; SerbiaFil: Mathias, Anderson. Universidad Autonoma de Coahuila; MéxicoFil: Techio, Elza M.. Universidade Federal da Bahia; BrasilFil: Wlodarczyk, Anna. Universidad Católica del Norte; ChileFil: Alfaro-Beracoechea, Laura. Universidad de Guadalajara; MéxicoFil: Ibarra, Manuel L.. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; MéxicoFil: Michael, Andreas. University of Cyprus; ChipreFil: Mhaskar, Sumeet. O.p. Jindal Global University; IndiaFil: Martínez Zelaya, Gonzalo. Universidad Viña del Mar; ChileFil: Bilbao, Marian. Universidad Alberto Hurtado; ChileFil: Delfino, Gisela Isabel. Universidad Pontificia Comillas; España. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Carvalho, Catarina L.. Universidad de Porto; PortugalFil: Pinto, Isabel R.. Universidad de Porto; PortugalFil: Mohsin, Falak Zehra. Karachi School Of Business And Leadership; PakistánFil: Espinosa, Agustín. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Perú; PerúFil: Cueto, Rosa María. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Perú; PerúFil: Cavalli, Stefano. Scuola Universitaria Professionale Della Svizzera Italiana; ItaliaFil: da Costa, Silvia. Universidad de Zaragoza; EspañaFil: Amutio, Alberto. Universidad Andrés Bello; Chile. Universidad del País Vasco; EspañaFil: Alonso Arbiol, Itziar. Universidad del País Vasco; EspañaFil: Páez, Darío. Universidad Andrés Bello; Chil