Analisis Faktor-faktor yang Mempengaruhi Alokasi Waktu Kerja dan Kontribusinya terhadap Pendapatan Rumah Tangga Nelayan (Kasus Nelayan Malabero Kecamatan Teluk Segara Kota Bengkulu)

Oceanic sector development basically represent an process to alter potency exist in sea region become an worthwhile to society. In general, fisherman in Bengkulu province is traditional fisherman owning simple equipments, capital a few and way of simple production. Fisherman also face the condition of less beneficial environment like situation waving sea enough strength, weather, and dicey climate, so that influence arrest time allocation. Thereby, fisherman look for alternative work utilize to fulfill requirements of his family.Research targets is knowing factors influencing in working allocation at the fishery catch sector and the outside, knowing how big contribution of the fisherman allocation work, knowing how big contribution of the fisherman time work at the fishery catch sector and the outside toward totalize in working, and knowing how big contribution of the fisherman earnings in working at the fishery catch sector and outside toward totalize earnings.The research location in Sub-District of Malabero District of Teluk Segara at Bengkulu City

Cost-effectiveness of adding rituximab to fludarabine and cyclophosphamide for treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia in Ukraine

The aim of this study was to assess the cost-effectiveness, from a health care perspective, of adding rituximab to fludarabine and cyclophosphamide scheme (FCR versus FC) for treatment-naïve and refractory/relapsed Ukrainian patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. A decision-analytic Markov cohort model with three health states and 1-month cycle time was developed and run within a life time horizon. Data from two multinational, prospective, open-label Phase 3 studies were used to assess patients’ survival. While utilities were generalized from UK data, local resource utilization and disease-associated treatment, hospitalization, and side effect costs were applied. The alternative scenario was performed to assess the impact of lower life expectancy of the general population in Ukraine on the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) for treatment-naïve patients. One-way, two-way, and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were conducted to assess the robustness of the results. The ICER (in US dollars) of treating chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients with FCR versus FC is US$8,704 per quality-adjusted life year gained for treatment-naïve patients and US$11,056 for refractory/relapsed patients. When survival data were modified to the lower life expectancy of the general population in Ukraine, the ICER for treatment-naïve patients was higher than US$13,000. This value is higher than three times the current gross domestic product per capita in Ukraine. Sensitivity analyses have shown a high impact of rituximab costs and a moderate impact of differences in utilities on the ICER. Furthermore, probabilistic sensitivity analyses have shown that for refractory/relapsed patients the probability of FCR being cost-effective is higher than for treatment-naïve patients and is close to one if the threshold is higher than US$15,000. State coverage of rituximab treatment may be considered a cost-effective treatment for the Ukrainian population u

Calibration and Validation of the Microsimulation Model in Cancer of the Bowel (MiMiC-Bowel), an Individual Patient Simulation Model for Investigation of the Cost-effectiveness of Personalised Screening and Surveillance Strategies

The Microsimulation Model in Cancer of the Bowel (MiMiC-Bowel) incorporates individual cancer risk to inform colorectal cancer (CRC) screening decisions in England. This work reports calibration and cross-validation of the MiMiC-Bowel. Due to the complex and computationally intensive nature of the model a step-wise calibration approach was taken utilising manual and automated algorithmic fitting. Natural history disease model parameters were estimated via calibration to several data targets including English and adjusted German data relating to previously unscreened persons. The model was cross-validated to four international models. Incompatibility in calibration data was assessed by analysing CRC incidence, convergence feasibility, and predictions of screening test sensitivity. Data incompatibility was addressed by giving less weight in fitting the parameters to target data with lower reliability and applicability, and adjusting data sets to reflect differences between localities. The MiMiC-Bowel predicted 60% sensitivity of flexible sigmoidoscopy for CRC and 59% for high-risk adenoma. MiMiC-Bowel’s predictions of CRC cases that arise from potentially detectable adenomas and impact of perfect polypectomy on risk reduction were within ranges reported by the US models, but the predictions of the sojourn and dwell time were not (29.1 and 5.3 years vs 8-24 and 2-4 years respectively). CRC risk increased less rapidly by age in MiMiC-Bowel than German data suggests, which is supported by population data on pre-screening CRC incidence

OF MILKING COWS IS AN EFFECTIVE METHOD OF INCREASING MILK PRODUCTION HERDS

Дослідженням встановлено, що згодовування концентрованих кормів додатково до норми сприяє підвищенню максимального надою корів української червоно-рябої молочної породи  на 140,9% – 209,7% у порівнянні з надоєм при виході з родильного відділення. Встановлено, що більш продуктивні корови, які відзначаються за рівнем надою вже в родильному відділенні, підвищують його в менших розмірах (на 140,9% – 171,5%) ніж низько продуктивніші (на 209,7% – 193,9%). При збільшенні надою за 305 днів лактації збільшується максимальний надій та час його настання.У племзаводі  СТОВ «Колос» надій 264 роздоєних корів за І лактацію в середньому був 6357 кг молока, за ІІ лактацію – 7468 кг та ІІІ лактацію і старші – 7914 кг молока.В одном из ведущих племенных хозяйств Винницкой области по разведению украинской красно-пестрой  молочной породы – СООО «Колос» проведены исследования по изучению влияния раздоя на молочную продуктивность всего стада коров. Исследованием установлено, что скармливание концентрированных кормов дополнительно к норме способствует повышению максимального удоя коров украинской красно-пестрой молочной породы на 140,9% – 209,7% в сравнении с надоем при выходе из родильного отделения. Установлено, что более продуктивные коровы, которые отличаются по уровню надоя уже в родильном отделении, повышают его в меньших размерах (на 140,9% – 171,5%), чем низко производительные (на 209,7% – 193,9%). При увеличении удоя за 305 дней лактации увеличивается максимальный удой и время его наступления.Поэтому, использование массового раздоя коров следует рассматривать, как возможный и перспективный вариант: повышения молочной продуктивности стада; выявление генетических задатков; закладки высокопродуктивных семейств коров-рекордисток; получение быков-производителей для улучшения породного значения +500–800 кг молока.In one of the leading breeding farms of Vinnytsia region for breeding Ukrainian Red Pied dairy breed – JV «Kolos» conducted a study on the impact of milking on milk production of the herd of cows. The study found that feeding concentrate feed in addition to the normal promotes maximum milking cows Ukrainian Red Pied dairy breed on 140.9% – 209.7% compared with milk yield when leaving the maternity ward. It was found that the more productive cows that differ in the level of milk production in the maternity ward, increase it in smaller sizes (to 140.9% – 171.5%) than low productivity (by 209.7% – 193.9%). With increasing milk yield for 305 days of lactation milk yield and increases the maximum time of its occurrence. Therefore, the use of mass milking cows should be considered as a possible and promising option: increasing milk production flocks; detection of genetic predisposition; Bookmark highly productive cows rekordistok families; getting sires to improve the breed value + 500–800kg milk

Impact of hypoglycemia on daily life of type 2 diabetes patients in Ukraine

This study evaluates the impact of hypoglycemia on the lives of Ukrainian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The secondary objective was to explore patient-physician relationships and the attitudes of patients towards various informational resources on diabetes management. Three focus groups with 26 patients were conducted. Qualitative information was evaluated using content analysis. The results show that patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Ukraine are adapting to potential attacks of hypoglycemia; however, they still experience periodic manifestations of hypoglycemia that significantly affect their psychological well-being. This result is similar to observations made in other countries. Ukrainian patients >40 years old mainly receive information on disease management from endocrinologists, and rarely use internet resources on diabetes management. Information provision was especially important at the early stage of the disease, when patients lack information on hypoglycemia manifestations and could therefore fail to identify and manage it properly

Rituximab in B-Cell Hematologic Malignancies: A Review of 20 Years of Clinical Experience

Rituximab is a human/murine, chimeric anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody with established efficacy, and a favorable and well-defined safety profile in patients with various CD20-expressing lymphoid malignancies, including indolent and aggressive forms of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Since its first approval 20 years ago, intravenously administered rituximab has revolutionized the treatment of B-cell malignancies and has become a standard component of care for follicular lymphoma, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and mantle cell lymphoma. For all of these diseases, clinical trials have demonstrated that rituximab not only prolongs the time to disease progression but also extends overall survival. Efficacy benefits have also been shown in patients with marginal zone lymphoma and in more aggressive diseases such as Burkitt lymphoma. Although the proven clinical efficacy and success of rituximab has led to the development of other anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies in recent years (e.g., obinutuzumab, ofatumumab, veltuzumab, and ocrelizumab), rituximab is likely to maintain a position within the therapeutic armamentarium because it is well established with a long history of successful clinical use. Furthermore, a subcutaneous formulation of the drug has been approved both in the EU and in the USA for the treatment of B-cell malignancies. Using the wealth of data published on rituximab during the last two decades, we review the preclinical development of rituximab and the clinical experience gained in the treatment of hematologic B-cell malignancies, with a focus on the well-established intravenous route of administration. This article is a companion paper to A. Davies, et al., which is also published in this issue