Optimizing Face Recognition Using PCA

Principle Component Analysis PCA is a classical feature extraction and data representation technique widely used in pattern recognition. It is one of the most successful techniques in face recognition. But it has drawback of high computational especially for big size database. This paper conducts a study to optimize the time complexity of PCA (eigenfaces) that does not affects the recognition performance. The authors minimize the participated eigenvectors which consequently decreases the computational time. A comparison is done to compare the differences between the recognition time in the original algorithm and in the enhanced algorithm. The performance of the original and the enhanced proposed algorithm is tested on face94 face database. Experimental results show that the recognition time is reduced by 35% by applying our proposed enhanced algorithm. DET Curves are used to illustrate the experimental results.Comment: 9 page

Epitaxial Growth of Silicon on Poly-Crystalline Si Seed layer at Low Temperature by Using Hot Wire Chemical Vapor Deposition

There has been a growing interest in using low cost material as a substrate for the large grained polycrystalline silicon photovoltaic devices. The main property of those devices is the potential of obtaining high efficiency similar to crystalline Si devices efficiency yet at much lower cost because of the thin film techniques. Epitaxial growth of Si at low temperatures on low cost large grained seed layers, prepared by aluminum induced crystallization method (AIC), using hot wire chemical vapor deposition (HWCVD) system is investigated in this thesis. In this work, different parameters have been studied in order to optimize the growth to reach the goal of epitaxial growth. The growth of epitaxial silicon using HWCVD system is controlled by four parameters: flow rate of gases, pressure, substrate temperature and filament temperature. As a result, in this work, those four factors were varied to optimize the growth process. Crystallinity quality is a significant factor toward confirming the epitaxial layer. Raman scattering, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) were used to determine the crystallinity. Epitaxial growth of Si at 500 °C was obtained even with a low vacuum of 1×10-3 torr. Furthermore, heavily doped large grained polycrystalline silicon seed layers were formed at first using AIC on Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) coated glass substrates to be ready for the following step which was epitaxial growth of Si. The grains were continues in the center of the film which was a single crystal that no one has reported it before. Epitaxial growth of Si was successfully achieved as the SEM results showed similar grain sizes before the epitaxial growth and after the epitaxial growth. The TEM results confirmed the epitaxial growth but stacking faults were observed. Also, different orientations were present as Moiré Fringes was seen in the TEM images

Implementation of P-type black silicon with high aspect ratio for optoelectronics applications

Black Silicon (BSi) is a semiconductor with a surface modified to get a very low reflectivity and correspondingly high absorption of visible light. P-type <100> silicon wafers were used to prepare very low reflecting samples. These samples may use as substrates in optoelectronic applications. Electrochemical etching at different etching current, and time were applied. B-silicon is chemically equal to normal silicon, differs in surface treatment that changes a morphology. This special morphology is demanded for absorption enhancement which involves maximum light absorption. Surface roughness is done by texturing or trenching a silicon wafer surface. As these structures are in place, and as they are small enough, incident light will be more absorbed and less reflected, this is what gives black silicon its name. BSi was characterized by (FESEM), structural analysis indicates that BS layers were formed. The porosity was in the range of (10–40) % and it is dependent on etching time and etching current value. Etching density is 0.1073/mm2. Reflection analysis shows satisfying minimum reflectivity spectrum with the intensity of peaks decrease and red shifted with increasing the etching current. A peak of the Photoluminescence ranges about 360 nm, PL peaks are blue shifted and proportional to etching current. The band gap energy ranged from 2 to 3.4 eV, it is affected with porous morphology and directly proportional to etching current value

Nurses’ Knowledge and Practices about Administration of Medications via Nasogastric Tube among Critically Ill Patients

Administering medication via enteral tube is predominantly a nursing responsibility across countries. It is important to identify what nurses actually know and do when giving enteral medication for critically ill patients to ensure patient's safety and prevent complications. The aim of this study is to assess the nurses’ knowledge and practices about administration of medications via nasogastric tube (NGT) among critically ill patients at Cairo University Hospitals. Sample consists of sixty bedside male and female nurses who are working in the different Critical and Intensive Care Units. Descriptive/exploratory research design was utilized in the current study. This study was conducted at the different Critical and Intensive Care Units at El-Manial Specialty Hospitals affiliated to Cairo University. Three tools were utilized to collect data pertinent to the study; Nasogastric medication administration nurses' knowledge questionnaire schedule, Nurses' opinionaire sheet and Nasogastric medication administration observational checklist. The nurses were interviewed for answering the knowledge questionnaire schedule and opinionaire sheet then each nurse was observed during administration of medication via NGT for three different times using nurses' observational check list. The mean of the three observations was calculated. Findings of this study shows that the majority of the studied sample were females, married and having diploma qualification as well, more than two third of them their age ranged between 26 – 45 years. More than half of them had more than 10 years of experience. All of them were having an unsatisfactory level of knowledge and practices. Results of the present study indicated that there is a gap between nurses' knowledge and practices as compared to the standard guidelines about medication administration via nasogastric tube. The study recommended that enrichment of the Critical Care nurses at El-Manial Specialty Hospital knowledge and practices related to administration of medications via nasogastric tube according to the standard guidelines will be helpful to ensure patient safety and provide cost effective care. Also replication of this study on larger probability sample at the different geographical location at Egypt is highly recommended. Keywords: Nasogastric tube – administration of medication via nasogastric tube – critically ill patient – nurses' knowledge – nurses practices

Evaluation of aqueous Ozone as a method to combat multidrugresistant Staphylococcus aureus tainting cattle meat sold in Wasit marketplaces

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of ozonation treatment (1/2 ppm for up to 30 min at 3-7 centigrade) on the persistence of multidrug-resistance Staphylococcus aureus (MDR S. aureus) tainting cattle meat.Design: Descriptive studyProcedures: Nine testers of cattle's meat including imported (n = 3) and locally slaughtered (n = 6), which were stored at -18 centigrade and accepted positive for MDR S. aureus were subjected to aqueous ozone (O3) as 1/2 ppm for 15 and 30 min. Results: The results presented that after ozonation treatment (1/2 ppm at 3-7 centigrade), the whole testers which free from MDR S. aureus were 22.2% & 55.6% for 15 & 30 min, respectively. Additionally, the antimicrobial effectiveness of aqueous O3 as 1/2 ppm on the decline of MDR S. aureus level (log10CFU/ml) was measured against three contaminated testers of cattle's meat. The outcomes publicized that afterward handlings, the total decline of bacterial counts was 2-3 log10 (CFU/ml) after 30 min at 3-7 centigrade, this decline is extremely noteworthy from the opinion of public health. The effectiveness of aqueous O3 (0.5 ppm/3-7 centigrade) with carcass drip to MDR S. aureus was assessed and the results displayed that 77.8% and 100% of the testers of aqueous O3 were negative after ozonation treatments for 15 and 30 min, respectively.Conclusion and clinical relevance: O3 as 1/2 ppm is exceedingly active in dropping the amount of MDR S. aureus contaminated testers and this decline augmented as prolonged experience time to ozonation treatment. On the other hand, O3 was highly effective in eradicating MDR S. aureus even in the presence of high levels of organic materials. These outcomes designated O3 as a substitute promising approach to decline meat contagion with foodborne microorganisms for instance MDR S. aureus

Asthma attack prediction based on weather factors

Asthma is a chronic disease which concern public health over all the world. Predicting overabundant need for healthcare services is helpful for healthcare suppliers, as it allows them to adequately plan and provide the resources that deliver services easier and suitably. Several researches have linked asthma triggers with weather and environmental changes. In this study, ‘linear regression model (LRM)‘ and ‘quantile regression model (QRM)’ are used to predict overabundant need for healthcare services for asthma monthly admissions in Polk, using backdated data from 2010 to 2017. Five weather variables were examined: maximum temperature, minimum temperature, precipitation level, humidity and thunderstorms. LRM and QRM models of asthma monthly admissions are fitted in two ways: the first way is the base model which using all the weather variables, and the second way is the reduced model which using a subset of these variables according to the pseudo R2. Models were cross-validated using the mean absolute percentage error and the level of accuracy. The base QRM predictive model with the 45th percentile of the distribution was the best fit and it detect utmost number of monthly asthma admissions at accuracy of 87.55 %, followed by base LRM with an accuracy of 87.13 %. The reduced LRM and QRM models give lower results with an accuracy of 86% and 85.9% respectively. The finding suggest that the weather variables are giving better results for the predictive model even if they have a low correlation relationship. The combination between weather variables and asthma, taking in temperature, precipitation level, humidity and thunderstorms can be utilized in predicting future asthma admission patients

The Influence of Employee Engagement, Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Organizational Commitment on Organizational Performance: A Study of Zain Telco, Saudi Arabia

This study conducted to find the relationship of the independent variables, which are employee engagement, organization citizenship behavior and organizational commitment with the dependent variable, which is the organizational performance in Saudi Arabia Telecommunication Company. This study is limited to identifying some factors that may affect organizational performance. These include employee engagement, organizational citizenship behavior and organizational commitment. The setting for the study is a Telecommunication company in Saudi Arabia called Zain. The total populations for this company were approximately 2.200 mployees including all levels. Out of this number, a total number of supervisors level are 110 employees. Otherwise, the researcher will limit the study for only supervisory level in this company; the primary objective of this study is to examine the relationships between employee engagement, organizational citizenship behavior and organizational commitment and organizational performance. This study is important for several reasons. Firstly, recognizing a positive relationship between, employee engagement, organizational citizenship behavior, organizational commitment and organizational performance; secondly, to clarify the problem and barriers encountered in the application of human resource programs in the a Telecommunication company in Saudi Arabia in the context to the case included in this study thirdly, to participate in and contribute to research, resulting in Knowledge increase, and lastly, to assist scholars and other researchers in the HRM field