Effects of physical exercise on the prevention and treatment of ischemia injuries: a literature review

Introdução: Em 2013 mais de 17,3 milhões de mortes/ano foram causadas por doenças cardiovasculares, acompanhado de uma estimativa de mais de 23,6 milhões de mortes para 2030, representando a maior causa global de morte. Objetivo: Esta revisão de literatura tem como objetivo a sistematização do conhecimento acerca dos efeitos do exercício físico como medida de prevenção e/ou tratamento em lesões causadas por isquemia, a fim de instigar novas pesquisas e contribuir para a disseminação de informação atual. Metodologia: Este estudo constitui uma revisão bibliográfica de caráter analítico dos estudos a respeito dos efeitos do exercício físico como medida de prevenção e tratamento de lesões causados por isquemia nos tecidos de animais submetidos a experimentação científica, em que foram coletados 99 artigos a partir de uma busca nas bases de dados Pubmed, SciELO e Lilacs com os descritores: “ischemia”, “exercise”, “rats” e “muscle”. Resultados e Conclusão: A atual literatura aponta para um consenso acerca dos efeitos cardioprotetores e neuroprotetores do atividade física, com ênfase no aumento da resistência contra agentes oxidantes, melhoria no processo de angiogênese, maior resistência contra acidificação do meio, melhoria no processo de cardiomiogênese, e apresenta as vias de sinalização moleculares que possivelmente explicam os efeitos advindos do exercício físico nas suas mais diferentes intensidades.Introduction: In 2013, more than 17.3 million deaths / year were caused by cardiovascular diseases, accompanied by an estimate of more than 23.6 million deaths by 2030, registering the largest global cause of death. Objective: This literature review aims to systematize knowledge about the effects of physical exercise such as measuring and / or treating injuries caused by ischemia, in order to instigate new research and contribute to the dissemination of current information. Methodology: This study analyzed a bibliographic review of an analytical nature of the studies and respect for the effects of physical exercise, as a treatment and treatment measure for injuries caused by ischemia in tissues of scientific experimentation animals, in which 99 articles were collected from a search in the Pubmed, SciELO and Lilacs databases with the descriptors: “ischemia”, “exercise”, “mice” and “muscle”. Results and Conclusion: The current literature points to a consensus on the cardioprotective and neuroprotective effects of physical exercise, with increased resistance against oxidants, improvement in the angiogenesis process, greater resistance against acidification of the environment, improvement in the cardiomyogenesis process, and presents as molecular signaling pathways that can explain the advanced effects of physical exercise in its different intensities

Abscesso hepático por Tuberculose em paciente com HIV: um relato de caso / Liver abscess by Tuberculosis IN HIV patient: a case report

A tuberculose é uma doença infectocontagiosa causada pelo Mycobacterium tuberculosis, comum em países em desenvolvimento. Os acomentimentos pulmonares são as principais manifestações da doença, embora existam, também, manifestações extrapulmonares, as quais são mais comuns em pacientes imunocomprometidos, a exemplo dos pacientes coinfectados com o HIV. O abscesso hepático é a forma menos comum de lesão. Entretanto, quando analisadas as taxas de mortalidade e os resultados dos tratamentos, é uma das manifestações extrapulmonares com pior prognóstico. O caso relatado segue com o diagnóstico através dos sinais e sintomas clínicos, além da realização dos exames laboratoriais e de imagem, a fim de diagnosticar e indicar os tratamentos cirúrgico e medicamentoso para tratar a infecção e sua consequente manifestação

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Impact of COVID-19 on cardiovascular testing in the United States versus the rest of the world

Objectives: This study sought to quantify and compare the decline in volumes of cardiovascular procedures between the United States and non-US institutions during the early phase of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the care of many non-COVID-19 illnesses. Reductions in diagnostic cardiovascular testing around the world have led to concerns over the implications of reduced testing for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Methods: Data were submitted to the INCAPS-COVID (International Atomic Energy Agency Non-Invasive Cardiology Protocols Study of COVID-19), a multinational registry comprising 909 institutions in 108 countries (including 155 facilities in 40 U.S. states), assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on volumes of diagnostic cardiovascular procedures. Data were obtained for April 2020 and compared with volumes of baseline procedures from March 2019. We compared laboratory characteristics, practices, and procedure volumes between U.S. and non-U.S. facilities and between U.S. geographic regions and identified factors associated with volume reduction in the United States. Results: Reductions in the volumes of procedures in the United States were similar to those in non-U.S. facilities (68% vs. 63%, respectively; p = 0.237), although U.S. facilities reported greater reductions in invasive coronary angiography (69% vs. 53%, respectively; p < 0.001). Significantly more U.S. facilities reported increased use of telehealth and patient screening measures than non-U.S. facilities, such as temperature checks, symptom screenings, and COVID-19 testing. Reductions in volumes of procedures differed between U.S. regions, with larger declines observed in the Northeast (76%) and Midwest (74%) than in the South (62%) and West (44%). Prevalence of COVID-19, staff redeployments, outpatient centers, and urban centers were associated with greater reductions in volume in U.S. facilities in a multivariable analysis. Conclusions: We observed marked reductions in U.S. cardiovascular testing in the early phase of the pandemic and significant variability between U.S. regions. The association between reductions of volumes and COVID-19 prevalence in the United States highlighted the need for proactive efforts to maintain access to cardiovascular testing in areas most affected by outbreaks of COVID-19 infection

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil: setting the baseline knowledge on the animal diversity in Brazil

The limited temporal completeness and taxonomic accuracy of species lists, made available in a traditional manner in scientific publications, has always represented a problem. These lists are invariably limited to a few taxonomic groups and do not represent up-to-date knowledge of all species and classifications. In this context, the Brazilian megadiverse fauna is no exception, and the Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil (CTFB) (http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/), made public in 2015, represents a database on biodiversity anchored on a list of valid and expertly recognized scientific names of animals in Brazil. The CTFB is updated in near real time by a team of more than 800 specialists. By January 1, 2024, the CTFB compiled 133,691 nominal species, with 125,138 that were considered valid. Most of the valid species were arthropods (82.3%, with more than 102,000 species) and chordates (7.69%, with over 11,000 species). These taxa were followed by a cluster composed of Mollusca (3,567 species), Platyhelminthes (2,292 species), Annelida (1,833 species), and Nematoda (1,447 species). All remaining groups had less than 1,000 species reported in Brazil, with Cnidaria (831 species), Porifera (628 species), Rotifera (606 species), and Bryozoa (520 species) representing those with more than 500 species. Analysis of the CTFB database can facilitate and direct efforts towards the discovery of new species in Brazil, but it is also fundamental in providing the best available list of valid nominal species to users, including those in science, health, conservation efforts, and any initiative involving animals. The importance of the CTFB is evidenced by the elevated number of citations in the scientific literature in diverse areas of biology, law, anthropology, education, forensic science, and veterinary science, among others

Avaliação da cobertura vacinal na região Norte do Brasil / Assessment of vaccination coverage in the northern Region of Brazil

Introdução: A imunização através das vacinas é uma intervenção segura, com ótima relação custo-eficácia para os programas de saúde pública. No Brasil, o Ministério da Saúde (MS) construiu um programa de imunizações básicas com a intenção de controlar e erradicar enfermidades imunopreveníveis. Porém, ainda hoje, é observado um número considerável de crianças não vacinadas ou vacinadas com atraso, o que representa maior risco comunitário de epidemias e recidivas de doenças previamente controladas. Portanto, o impacto gerado pela vacinação precisa ser monitorado, pois oportuniza a detecção da vulnerabilidade imune da população, além de identificar potencialidades e fragilidades no processo de vacinação. Objetivos: Identificar aspectos epidemiológicos referentes à cobertura vacinal da região norte em relação à cobertura vacinal em território nacional. Método: Foi realizada busca sistemática nas bases de dados MEDLINE/PubMed, LILACS, SCIELO, CAPES/MEC e COCHRANE, utilizados os descritores “cobertura vacinal”; “epidemiologia”; “vigilância”; “prevalência” e “Brasil” em português, inglês e espanhol. Resultados: Foram alcançados um total de 1121 estudos, os quais foram submetidos a uma triagem metódica dividida em 3 fases, restando ao final 20 estudos. Além disso, foram coletados dados do Departamento de Informática do SUS (DATASUS) sobre cobertura vacinal de cada região geográfica brasileira dos últimos dez anos. Conclusão: Houve pouco delineamento epidemiológico devido à escassa literatura regional tanto brasileira quanto internacional sobre o assunto. Todavia foi possível atestar potenciais riscos e falhas na imunização na região Norte, comparado a revisão literária das outras regiões brasileiras, em especial a Sul e Sudeste.

Avaliação da cobertura vacinal na Região Norte do Brasil

A imunização através das vacinas é uma intervenção segura, com ótima relação custo-eficácia para os programas de saúde pública. No Brasil, o Ministério da Saúde (MS) construiu um programa de imunizações básicas com a intenção de controlar e erradicar enfermidades imunopreveníveis. Porém, ainda hoje, é observado um número considerável de crianças não vacinadas ou vacinadas com atraso, o que representa maior risco comunitário de epidemias e recidivas de doenças previamente controladas. Portanto, o impacto gerado pela vacinação precisa ser monitorado, pois oportuniza a detecção da vulnerabilidade imune da população, além de identificar potencialidades e fragilidades no processo de vacinação. Objetivou-se identificar aspectos epidemiológicos referentes à cobertura vacinal da região Norte em relação à cobertura vacinal em território nacional. Foi realizada busca sistemática nas bases de dados MEDLINE/PubMed, LILACS, SCIELO, CAPES/MEC e COCHRANE, utilizados os descritores “cobertura vacinal”; “epidemiologia”; “vigilância”; “prevalência” e “Brasil” em português, inglês e espanhol. Foram alcançados um total de 1121 estudos, os quais foram submetidos a uma triagem metódica, dividida em 3 fases, (eliminação por títulos e subtítulos; por resumos e abstracts; e por leitura integral de artigos) restando, ao final, 20 estudos a respeito da cobertura do esquema básico vacinal até os 15 meses, independente de raça, religião, região, sexo e critérios socioeconômicos. Além disso, foram coletados dados do Departamento de Informática do SUS (DATASUS) sobre cobertura vacinal de cada região geográfica brasileira dos últimos dez anos. Conclui-se que houve pouco delineamento epidemiológico devido à escassa literatura sobre o assunto. Todavia, foi possível atestar potenciais riscos e falhas na imunização, como diferenças na cobertura para grupos sociais estratificados segundo indicadores socioeconômicos, questões intrínsecas ao núcleo familiar e obstáculos gerados pela má administração das vacinas e no gerenciamento em saúde, principalmente na região Norte, comparado a outras regiões brasileiras, em especial a Sul e Sudeste