Kajian Ekonomi Program Longgar Di Makassar (Study on Economic Benefit of Longgar Program in Makassar)

The purpose of this research are; (1) To identify the community's response to the Lorong Garden (Longgar) program in Makassar; (2) Analyze the economic benefits of the Longgar program in Makassar, especially in improving the welfare of the community; (3) Formulate development strategy of Longgar program in Makassar City. Location of this study will be conducted in Makassar City. The population of this research is all groups of Kelompok Wanita Tani in Makassar City. The activity of this study in the data collection using observation approach and questionnaire. The collected data is then edited, tabulated, and verified first. The data analysis methods used in this study consist of: (1) Descriptive analysis and, (2) T-statistical analysis of paired t tests. The result of the research shows that the perception of society on the garden garden program is positive and high. From the results of questionnaires distributed to the respondents it can be seen that the level of knowledge, objectives, benefits and community support for the Lorong Garden program is high. The community accessed information about Lorong Garden from the socialization activities by the Penyuluh from Badan Ketahanan Pangan and was very supportive for the competition between Lorong Garden with comprehensive criteria. The results also show the economic benefits of the Lorong Garden Program which increases with time. The paired-sample t test results show significant difference in KWT revenues between 2014-2015 and 2016-2017 and that income tends to increase with time

Surgical clip closure of the left atrial appendage

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common atrial arrhythmia, but it is not a benign disease. AF is an important risk factor for thromboembolic events, causing significant morbidity and mortality. The left atrial appendage (LAA) plays an important role in thrombus formation, but the ideal management of the LAA remains a topic of debate. The increasing popularity of surgical epicardial ablation and hybrid endoepicardial ablation approaches, especially in patients with a more advanced diseased substrate, has increased interest in epicardial LAA management. Minimally invasive treatment options for the LAA offer a unique opportunity to close the LAA with a clip device. This review highlights morphologic, electrophysiologic, and surgical aspects of the LAA with regard to AF surgery, and aims to illustrate the importance of surgical clip closure of the LAA

The Puzzle of Genocidal Democratization: Military Rivalry and Atrocity in Myanmar

Why did the Myanmar military initiate mass atrocities in Rakhine state alongside radical democratic reforms? We argue that the atrocities in Rakhine were driven by intra-military rivalry. The transition to democracy was a generational transition of the military leadership that brought pre-existing rivalries within the military to the fore. As is common to military regimes, Myanmar military elites rely on regional support bases. The democratic transition coincided with a transition of power from generals with a Western support base – e.g. Shwe Mann – to generals with an Eastern support base – e.g. Thein Sein and Min Aung Hlaing. We argue that atrocities can strengthen control over security services by raising militias, locking rival units in the execution of the violence, and restructuring units under a new command. We demonstrate how atrocities in the Western Rakhine province served to consolidate power over the western faction of the military and allowed General Hlaing to consolidate.History and International Relation

Simulating carbon exchange using a regional atmospheric model coupled to an advanced land-surface model

This paper is a case study to investigate what the main controlling factors are that determine atmospheric carbon dioxide content for a region in the centre of The Netherlands. We use the Regional Atmospheric Modelling System (RAMS), coupled with a land surface scheme simulating carbon, heat and momentum fluxes (SWAPS-C), and including also submodels for urban and marine fluxes, which in principle should include the dominant mechanisms and should be able to capture the relevant dynamics of the system. To validate the model, observations are used that were taken during an intensive observational campaign in central Netherlands in summer 2002. These include flux-tower observations and aircraft observations of vertical profiles and spatial fluxes of various variables. The simulations performed with the coupled regional model (RAMS-SWAPS-C) are in good qualitative agreement with the observations. The station validation of the model demonstrates that the incoming shortwave radiation and surface fluxes of water and CO2 are well simulated. The comparison against aircraft data shows that the regional meteorology (i.e. wind, temperature) is captured well by the model. Comparing spatially explicitly simulated fluxes with aircraft observed fluxes we conclude that in general latent heat fluxes are underestimated by the model compared to the observations but that the latter exhibit large variability within all flights. Sensitivity experiments demonstrate the relevance of the urban emissions of carbon dioxide for the carbon balance in this particular region. The same tests also show the relation between uncertainties in surface fluxes and those in atmospheric concentrations