An Examination of Pre-Service Science Teachers’ Attitudes Toward Solid Waste and Recycling

There are some changes observed in environment nowadays. Especially the perspective of solid waste and recycling has been in a transformation. The purpose of this study to examine the pre-service science teachers’ attitudes toward solid waste and recycling in terms of gender, grade level, family’s financial status and the place of residence. The study group was consist of 201 pre-service science teachers. The data collection tools of the research were "Personal Information Form" prepared by researcher and "The scale of pre-service teachers’ attitudes towards solid wastes and recycling" developed by Karatekin (2013). The data were analyzed via t-test and ANOVA. It was found that while pre-service science teachers’ attitudes toward solid waste and recycling in terms of gender and grade level were significant differences, their family’s financial status and the place of residence were not significant differences. Female pre-service science teachers had more positive attitudes toward solid waste and recycling than male pre-service science teachers had. The fourth-grade pre-service science teachers’ attitudes toward solid waste and recycling were found to be more positive than the others. Keywords: environmental education, solid waste, recycling, attitude, pre-service science teacher

Advanced oxidation protein products and malondialdehyde — the new biological markers of oxidative stress — are elevated in postmenopausal women

Objectives: The aim of the study was to measure advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs) as markers for oxidative stress to evaluate cardiovascular risk in pre- and postmenopausal women and to compare the results with malondialde­hyde (MDA) levels. Material and methods: Twenty premenopausal women and 84 naturally postmenopausal patients were enrolled in the study. AOPP and MDA plasma levels were measured. The postmenopausal group was further subdivided into two groups: postmenopausal age of 40–49 and of 50–59 years. AOPP and MDA levels were compared between premenopausal, 40–49 and 50–59 year old menopausal women. Results: Plasma AOPP and MDA levels in postmenopausal women were increased when compared with their premeno­pausal peers (123.83 ± 55.51 μmol/L vs. 61.59 ± 16.42 μmol/L and 6.50 ± 1.05 μmol/L vs. 5.98 ± 0.77 μmol/L; respectively). Mean plasma AOPP levels in the two menopausal age groups were both significantly higher from the premenopausal group (118.64 ± 59.1 μmol/L vs. 61.59 ± 16.42 μmol/L and 132.31 ± 48.97 μmol/L vs. 61.59 ± 16.42 μmol/L; respectively). No significant difference was found in mean AOPP levels between postmenopausal subjects of 40–49 and 50–59 years age (118.64 ± 59.12 μmol/L vs. 132.31 ± 48.97 μmol/L). Mean plasma MDA levels of each of two postmenopausal age groups were both significantly higher from the premenopausal group (6.50 ± 1.04 μmol/L vs. 5.98 ± 0.77 μmol/L and 6.50 ± 1.10 μmol/L vs. 5.98 ± 0.77 μmol/L; respectively). However, no statistically significant difference between the two postmenopausal age groups (6.50 ± 1.04 μmol/L vs. 6.50 ± 1.10 μmol/L) was found. Conclusions: AOPP and MDA levels are elevated in postmenopausal women as compared to their premenopausal peers, suggesting they can be used as markers for cardiovascular risk in postmenopausal women

Brief report

Background: Adrenal hemorrhage (AH) is a relatively uncommon condition in neonates. This study aimed to review the clinical, laboratory and ultrasonographic findings of AH in newborns. Methods: The medical records of 13 newborns with AH who had been admitted to our neonatal intensive care unit were retrospectively reviewed. Results: Of the 13 newborns with AH, 8 (62%) were term and 10 (77%) were male babies. Clinical presentations included neonatal jaundice (85%), paleness and/or flank mass (38%), discoloration of the scrotum (15%), and hypotonia/lethargy or hypotension (8%). Five newborns had anemia and four had adrenal insufficiency. Adrenal insufficiency was observed in 80% of the premature infants with AH. AH occurred on the right side in 9 patients (69%). The most predisposing cause of AH was disseminated intravascular coagulation secondary to sepsis or perinatal hypoxia in preterm infants, and large for gestational age in term infants. Ultrasonography (USG) revealed a hypoechoic mass in 7 newborns (54%), a mixed solid-liquid mass in 5 (38%), and an echogenic mass (8%) in 1. Hemorrhage disappeared within 8.6±4.5 (4-16) weeks. Conclusions: AH occurs in the newborns with unexplained jaundice. Adrenal insufficiency is more frequent in preterm than in mature infants. Abdominal USG is required to determine AH in a newborn with swelling and bluish discoloration of the scrotum. Serial USG is the best modality for monitoring AH to prevent unnecessary surgery. World J Pediatr 2011;7(4):355-35

Chiral metamaterial and high-contrast grating based polarization selective devices

Ankara : The Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering and the Graduate School of Engineering and Science of Bilkent Univ., 2013.Thesis (Master's) -- Bilkent University, 2013.Includes bibliographical references leaves 159-173.The utilization of purposely designed artificial media with engineered electromagnetic responses enables the obtaining of intriguing features that are either impossible or difficult to realize using readily available natural materials. Here, we focus on two classes of artificial media: metamaterials and high-contrast gratings. Metamaterials and high-contrast gratings are designed within the subwavelength periodicity range and therefore, they are non-diffractive. We exploit the magnetoelectric coupling effect in chiral metamaterials to design several structures. Firstly, we design a linear to circular polarization convertor that operates for x-polarized normally incident plane waves. Then, we combine the chirality feature and the electromagnetic tunneling phenomenon to design a polarization insensitive 90◦ polarization rotator that exhibits unity transmission and crosspolarization conversion efficiencies. Subsequently, we combine this polarization rotator with a symmetric metallic grating with a subwavelength slit for the purpose of enabling the one-way excitation of spoof surface plasmons and achieving a reversible diodelike beaming regime. Then, we exploit the asymmetric transmission property of chiral metamaterials and show that a polarization angle dependent polarization rotation and a strongly asymmetric diodelike transmission is realizable. Afterwards, a brief waveguide theory is provided and eventually, the dispersion relations for a periodic dielectric waveguide geometry are derived. Then, using these relations and considering the finiteness of the waveguide length, we show the theoretical description of high-contrast gratings. Finally, we theoretically and experimentally show that the achievement of a broadband quarter-wave plate regime is possible by using carefully designed high-contrast gratings.Mutlu, MehmetM.S

Effects of Dielectric Substrate on Polarization Conversion Using Coupled Metasurfaces With and Without Tunneling

Dielectric substrates are technologically necessary components of various microwave and optical structures and devices, and may strongly affect their performance. For metasurfaces composed of subwavelength resonators, placing dielectric components in the proximity of resonators can lead to strong modification of subwavelength resonances and related transmission regimes. We focus on the effects exerted by material and geometrical parameters of such a dielectric substrate on linear‐to‐linear polarization conversion that appears in quasiplanar structures containing two coupled metasurfaces and enabling chirality. It is shown that spectral locations of the polarization conversion resonances and transmission efficiency at these resonances are strongly sensitive to the substrate parameters, whereas the ability of polarization conversion and related asymmetry of transmission can be preserved in wide ranges of parameter variation. The effects of a substrate are considered in detail for the mechanisms with and without tunneling, indicating a route to compact designs of quasiplanar structures for single‐ and multiband polarization conversion

Efficacy of periarticular injection applied trough knee other than posterior capsule in simultaneous bilateral total knee arthroplasty

WOS: 000385436400008PubMed ID: 26566320Background: We aimed to evaluate periarticular multimodal drug injection (PMDI) in bilateral total knee arthroplasty. Methods: In 154 knees of 77 patients, PMDI was administered intraoperatively through the regions other than posterior capsule to one knee; other knee was control. Results: Drug-injected knees had lower visual analog scale scores and higher passive range of motion postoperatively (p < 0.05). The active straight leg raise was higher in drug-injected knees (47 [61%] vs 19 [24.7%], p < 0.001). Conclusions: PMDI is a safe and effective method of early postoperative pain management in total knee arthroplasty when applied through regions other than posterior capsule

Indigene Bewegungen in Lateinamerika und erfolgreiche Mobilisierung: Mobilisierungsstrategien der EZLN

Die Globalisierung hat unsere Welt auf verschiedenen Ebenen verändert, so dass weltweite Verflechtungen und Netzwerke in vielen Bereichen zugenommen haben. Dieses Phänomen hat einerseits Bereiche wie Wirtschaft, Politik, Kultur, Umwelt und Kommunikation, aber andererseits auch Verbindungen auf individueller, gesellschaftlicher und institutioneller Ebene geprägt. Begünstigt wurde dieser Prozess insbesondere durch technische Fortschritte. Damit beschränken sich persönliche Beziehungen und Netzwerke nicht auf die lokale oder nationale Ebene, sondern sind transnational. Auch spielt die Globalisierung für soziale Bewegungen eine signifikante Rolle, denn Aktivisten können sich über Ländergrenzen hinweg vernetzen und Proteste können sich an internationale Akteure richten. In diesem Kontext sind auch globalisierungskritische Bewegungen entstanden, bei denen Medien als Kommunikationsmittel eine wichtige Rolle spielen, die nicht nur die Kommunikation erleichtern, sondern auch für die Koordination, Organisation und Diffusion unverzichtbar sind. Aktuell ist beispielsweise Fridays for Future (FFF) ein weltweit bekanntes Phänomen, welches den politischen Diskurs in zahlreichen Ländern geprägt hat. Vor einigen Jahren wäre es undenkbar gewesen, dass protestierende Schüler solch einen Einfluss auf politische Diskurse haben können. In einem Interview argumentiert Sebastian Haunss, dass die Bewegung es geschafft habe, das Thema so zu framen, so zu erzählen, dass es sehr anschlussfähig werde (vgl. Marks 2019). Das zeigt, dass der Zugang zu Kommunikationsmitteln nicht automatisch eine breite Mobilisierung ermöglicht, sondern auch das Framing eine zentrale Rolle spielt. Insbesondere für Bewegungen, die in nicht-demokratischen Staaten aktiv sind, bringt der technologische Fortschritt bis dato nicht vorhandene Möglichkeiten mit sich. Wie eine Mobilisierung anhand des Nutzens von Kommunikationsmitteln erfolgen kann, hängt dabei von vielen Faktoren ab

Dinamik benzeri yöntemlerle test edilmiş betonarme yapıların sayısal simülasyonları.

Considering the deficiencies frequently observed in the existing reinforced concrete buildings, detailed assessment and rehabilitation must be conducted to avoid significant life and value loss in seismic zones. In this sense, performance based evaluation methods suggested in the regulations and codes must be examined and revised through experimental and analytical research to provide safe and economical rehabilitation solutions. In this study, seismic behavior of three reinforced concrete frames built and tested in Middle East Technical University Structural Mechanics Laboratory is examined. The specimens are extracted from a typical interior frame of 3-story 3-bay reinforced concrete structure. One of the specimens has compliant design according to Turkish Earthquake Code (2007) and each of the other two specimens represents different types of deficiencies in terms of material strength and detailing. The test specimens were modeled using different modeling approaches and nonlinear dynamic analyses were conducted on the numerical models. Results of continuous pseudo-dynamic testing of three ground motions are presented and compared with the numerical simulations on models. Calibrated finite element models were used for evaluation of performance assessment procedure of Turkish Earthquake Code (2007) and further investigation on local deformation components in light of experimental findings and observations. Deformation sources of columns and joints were studied in terms of their interaction and contributions to the total drift. Estimated plastic hinge lengths of columns were compared with the experimental observations and the proposed expressions in the literature.M.S. - Master of Scienc

Environmental effects of utilization of sustainable building materials

Migration is generally defined as a period of time or permanent settlement of people by moving from a place of origin to another place. Throughout history, humanity has migrated due to natural disasters, religion, poverty, wars and this migration has caused urbanization with population growth. With the increase in population, irregular and excessive migration, decrease in resources, unplanned urbanization, infrastructure problems, wastewater lines, drinking water lines, rainwater collection lines, power lines, and natural gas pipelines cannot be delivered to desired places, traffic, and excessive waste generation increased. Therefore environmental pollution and health problems arise in cities. Today, due to the adverse environmental impact of all these, people have become more sensitive and have tended to find solutions to the problem with areas such as sustainable structures, recycling, and reuse of waste. In this study, the studies and gains made with the recycling aggregate used are evaluated in order to produce solutions for environmental pollution caused by the construction sector