105 research outputs found
Evaluation of the Mechanical Properties of 3D Printed Carbon Fiber Composites
Studies have been done involving the use of carbon fiber as a reinforcement for three dimensional (3D) printed parts. The Markforged Mark Two is a commercial grade 3D printer capable of printing parts reinforced with continuous fibers such as carbon fiber, Kevlar, and fiberglass. Short Carbon Fiber Composite tensile specimen were printed on both a Markforged Mark Two and Flashforge Creator Pro using Markforged Onyx filament. The results of these parts were compared for their tensile properties, dimensional accuracy, and mass estimates. The Creator Pro was capable of producing stronger parts on average, while the Mark Two produced more dimensionally accurate parts. Parts printed with the Creator Pro achieved higher Ultimate Tensile Strengths and Elastic Moduli than their respective Mark Two counterparts on average. Various analytical models were employed to estimate the Elastic Modulus of these parts printed at 100% infill. The Modified Rule of Mixtures Model was found to be the most accurate estimate of these short fiber composites. Continuous Carbon Fiber Composite tensile specimen were printed with a Markforged Mark Two. Various Carbon Fiber orientations and layer proximities were tested and their effects on Tensile Strength and Modulus of Elasticity were examined. A Volume Average Stiffness (VAS) model was also used to predict the elastic properties of these 3d-printed specimen. Tensile Testing of the 3d-printed specimen showed that material properties were directly related to the number of carbon fiber strands loaded in tension within the part, and that the increase in these material properties was linear. Impact specimen were printed with a Markforged Mark Two. Both short/discontinuous and long continuous carbon fiber specimen were printed. For the Continuous fiber specimen, effects of part orientation, number of carbon fiber layers, and carbon fiber layer proximity were studied. For short fiber specimen, layer height and material infill raster angles were studied
Detection of Septata intestinalis in Stool Specimens and Coprodiagnostic Monitoring of Successful Treatment with Albendazole
We describe two patients with AIDS and chronic diarrhea in whom the microsporidian Septata intestinalis was detected with use of light and electron microscopic coprodiagnostic techniques. The ultrastructure of the microsporidian spores found in their stool specimens was distinctly different from that of Enterocytozoon bieneusi, another intestinal microsporidian found in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus. Electron microscopic examination of duodenal biopsy specimens available from one of the patients enabled identification of S. intestinalis and confirmed the similarity of spores found in feces and in duodenal tissue. Both patients' diarrhea stopped when they were treated with albendazole. Coprodiagnostic monitoring indicated disappearance of the parasites and allowed the diagnosis of a relapse in one patient, who responded well to a second course of treatmen
Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Evaluation of a Prototype Solar-Charged Electric Race-Car
This technical report presents and analyses measured results of the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) profile of a prototype solar-charged electric race-car during driving and charging conditions. Laboratory measurements and setups were based on CISPR 12 and IEC 61851-21-1 automotive EMC standards and on non-legislative exploratory EMC test methodologies, developed by the ECâs JRC. Results and main findings of more than 100 different setups managed on VeLA 9 validated automotive EMC semi-anechoic chamber, are methodologically extracted from measured data and analysed. The basis of this scientific activity was established to fulfil the objectives of the Interoperability and Electromagnetic Compatibility of Electric Vehicles and their Charging Infrastructure Work Package (WPK INTEC 6311) under the INTEROP-STORE Project (PRJ 208), in collaboration with Bochum University of Applied Sciences, Germany.JRC.C.4-Sustainable Transpor
Human Practice. Digital Ecologies. Our Future. : 14. Internationale Tagung Wirtschaftsinformatik (WI 2019) : Tagungsband
Erschienen bei: universi - UniversitÀtsverlag Siegen. - ISBN: 978-3-96182-063-4Aus dem Inhalt:
Track 1: Produktion & Cyber-Physische Systeme
Requirements and a Meta Model for Exchanging Additive Manufacturing Capacities
Service Systems, Smart Service Systems and Cyber- Physical SystemsâWhatâs the difference? Towards a Unified Terminology
Developing an Industrial IoT Platform â Trade-off between Horizontal and Vertical Approaches
Machine Learning und Complex Event Processing: Effiziente Echtzeitauswertung am Beispiel Smart Factory
Sensor retrofit for a coffee machine as condition monitoring and predictive maintenance use case
Stakeholder-Analyse zum Einsatz IIoT-basierter Frischeinformationen in der Lebensmittelindustrie
Towards a Framework for Predictive Maintenance Strategies in Mechanical Engineering - A Method-Oriented Literature Analysis
Development of a matching platform for the requirement-oriented selection of cyber physical systems for SMEs
Track 2: Logistic Analytics
An Empirical Study of Customersâ Behavioral Intention to Use Ridepooling Services â An Extension of the Technology Acceptance Model
Modeling Delay Propagation and Transmission in Railway Networks
What is the impact of company specific adjustments on the acceptance and diffusion of logistic standards?
Robust Route Planning in Intermodal Urban Traffic
Track 3: Unternehmensmodellierung & Informationssystemgestaltung (Enterprise Modelling & Information Systems Design)
Work System Modeling Method with Different Levels of Specificity and Rigor for Different Stakeholder Purposes
Resolving Inconsistencies in Declarative Process Models based on Culpability Measurement
Strategic Analysis in the Realm of Enterprise Modeling â On the Example of Blockchain-Based Initiatives for the Electricity Sector
Zwischenbetriebliche Integration in der Möbelbranche: Konfigurationen und Einflussfaktoren
Novicesâ Quality Perceptions and the Acceptance of Process Modeling Grammars
Entwicklung einer Definition fĂŒr Social Business Objects (SBO) zur Modellierung von Unternehmensinformationen
Designing a Reference Model for Digital Product Configurators
Terminology for Evolving Design Artifacts
Business Role-Object Specification: A Language for Behavior-aware Structural Modeling of Business Objects
Generating Smart Glasses-based Information Systems with BPMN4SGA: A BPMN Extension for Smart Glasses Applications
Using Blockchain in Peer-to-Peer Carsharing to Build Trust in the Sharing Economy
Testing in Big Data: An Architecture Pattern for a Development Environment for Innovative, Integrated and Robust Applications
Track 4: Lern- und Wissensmanagement (e-Learning and Knowledge Management)
eGovernment Competences revisited â A Literature Review on necessary Competences in a Digitalized Public Sector
Say Hello to Your New Automated Tutor â A Structured Literature Review on Pedagogical Conversational Agents
Teaching the Digital Transformation of Business Processes: Design of a Simulation Game for Information Systems Education
Conceptualizing Immersion for Individual Learning in Virtual Reality
Designing a Flipped Classroom Course â a Process Model
The Influence of Risk-Taking on Knowledge Exchange and Combination
Gamified Feedback durch Avatare im Mobile Learning
Alexa, Can You Help Me Solve That Problem? - Understanding the Value of Smart Personal Assistants as Tutors for Complex Problem Tasks
Track 5: Data Science & Business Analytics
Matching with Bundle Preferences: Tradeoff between Fairness and Truthfulness
Applied image recognition: guidelines for using deep learning models in practice
Yield Prognosis for the Agrarian Management of Vineyards using Deep Learning for Object Counting
Reading Between the Lines of Qualitative Data â How to Detect Hidden Structure Based on Codes
Online Auctions with Dual-Threshold Algorithms: An Experimental Study and Practical Evaluation
Design Features of Non-Financial Reward Programs for Online Reviews: Evaluation based on Google Maps Data
Topic Embeddings â A New Approach to Classify Very Short Documents Based on Predefined Topics
Leveraging Unstructured Image Data for Product Quality Improvement
Decision Support for Real Estate Investors: Improving Real Estate Valuation with 3D City Models and Points of Interest
Knowledge Discovery from CVs: A Topic Modeling Procedure
Online Product Descriptions â Boost for your Sales?
EntscheidungsunterstĂŒtzung durch historienbasierte Dienstreihenfolgeplanung mit Pattern
A Semi-Automated Approach for Generating Online Review Templates
Machine Learning goes Measure Management: Leveraging Anomaly Detection and Parts Search to Improve Product-Cost Optimization
Bedeutung von Predictive Analytics fĂŒr den theoretischen Erkenntnisgewinn in der IS-Forschung
Track 6: Digitale Transformation und Dienstleistungen
Heuristic Theorizing in Software Development: Deriving Design Principles for Smart Glasses-based Systems
Mirroring E-service for Brick and Mortar Retail: An Assessment and Survey
Taxonomy of Digital Platforms: A Platform Architecture Perspective
Value of Star Players in the Digital Age
Local Shopping Platforms â Harnessing Locational Advantages for the Digital Transformation of Local Retail Outlets: A Content Analysis
A Socio-Technical Approach to Manage Analytics-as-a-Service â Results of an Action Design Research Project
Characterizing Approaches to Digital Transformation: Development of a Taxonomy of Digital Units
Expectations vs. Reality â Benefits of Smart Services in the Field of Tension between Industry and Science
Innovation Networks and Digital Innovation: How Organizations Use Innovation Networks in a Digitized Environment
Characterising Social Reading Platformsâ A Taxonomy-Based Approach to Structure the Field
Less Complex than Expected â What Really Drives IT Consulting Value
Modularity Canvas â A Framework for Visualizing Potentials of Service Modularity
Towards a Conceptualization of Capabilities for Innovating Business Models in the Industrial Internet of Things
A Taxonomy of Barriers to Digital Transformation
Ambidexterity in Service Innovation Research: A Systematic Literature Review
Design and success factors of an online solution for cross-pillar pension information
Track 7: IT-Management und -Strategie
A Frugal Support Structure for New Software Implementations in SMEs
How to Structure a Company-wide Adoption of Big Data Analytics
The Changing Roles of Innovation Actors and Organizational Antecedents in the Digital Age
Bewertung des Kundennutzens von Chatbots fĂŒr den Einsatz im Servicedesk
Understanding the Benefits of Agile Software Development in Regulated Environments
Are Employees Following the Rules? On the Effectiveness of IT Consumerization Policies
Agile and Attached: The Impact of Agile Practices on Agile Team Membersâ Affective Organisational Commitment
The Complexity Trap â Limits of IT Flexibility for Supporting Organizational Agility in Decentralized Organizations
Platform Openness: A Systematic Literature Review and Avenues for Future Research
Competence, Fashion and the Case of Blockchain
The Digital Platform Otto.de: A Case Study of Growth, Complexity, and Generativity
Track 8: eHealth & alternde Gesellschaft
Security and Privacy of Personal Health Records in Cloud Computing Environments â An Experimental Exploration of the Impact of Storage Solutions and Data Breaches
Patientenintegration durch Pfadsysteme
Digitalisierung in der StressprĂ€vention â eine qualitative Interviewstudie zu Nutzenpotenzialen
User Dynamics in Mental Health Forums â A Sentiment Analysis Perspective
Intent and the Use of Wearables in the Workplace â A Model Development
Understanding Patient Pathways in the Context of Integrated Health Care Services - Implications from a Scoping Review
Understanding the Habitual Use of Wearable Activity Trackers
On the Fit in Fitness Apps: Studying the Interaction of Motivational Affordances and Usersâ Goal Orientations in Affecting the Benefits Gained
Gamification in Health Behavior Change Support Systems - A Synthesis of Unintended Side Effects
Investigating the Influence of Information Incongruity on Trust-Relations within Trilateral Healthcare Settings
Track 9: Krisen- und KontinuitÀtsmanagement
Potentiale von IKT beim Ausfall kritischer Infrastrukturen: Erwartungen, Informationsgewinnung und Mediennutzung der Zivilbevölkerung in Deutschland
Fake News Perception in Germany: A Representative Study of Peopleâs Attitudes and Approaches to Counteract Disinformation
Analyzing the Potential of Graphical Building Information for Fire Emergency Responses: Findings from a Controlled Experiment
Track 10: Human-Computer Interaction
Towards a Taxonomy of Platforms for Conversational Agent Design
Measuring Service Encounter Satisfaction with Customer Service Chatbots using Sentiment Analysis
Self-Tracking and Gamification: Analyzing the Interplay of Motivations, Usage and Motivation Fulfillment
Erfolgsfaktoren von Augmented-Reality-Applikationen: Analyse von Nutzerrezensionen mit dem Review-Mining-Verfahren
Designing Dynamic Decision Support for Electronic Requirements Negotiations
Who is Stressed by Using ICTs? A Qualitative Comparison Analysis with the Big Five Personality Traits to Understand Technostress
Walking the Middle Path: How Medium Trade-Off Exposure Leads to Higher Consumer Satisfaction in Recommender Agents
Theory-Based Affordances of Utilitarian, Hedonic and Dual-Purposed Technologies: A Literature Review
Eliciting Customer Preferences for Shopping Companion Apps: A Service Quality Approach
The Role of Early User Participation in Discovering Software â A Case Study from the Context of Smart Glasses
The Fluidity of the Self-Concept as a Framework to Explain the Motivation to Play Video Games
Heart over Heels? An Empirical Analysis of the Relationship between Emotions and Review Helpfulness for Experience and Credence Goods
Track 11: Information Security and Information Privacy
Unfolding Concerns about Augmented Reality Technologies: A Qualitative Analysis of User Perceptions
To (Psychologically) Own Data is to Protect Data: How Psychological Ownership Determines Protective Behavior in a Work and Private Context
Understanding Data Protection Regulations from a Data Management Perspective: A Capability-Based Approach to EU-GDPR
On the Difficulties of Incentivizing Online Privacy through Transparency: A Qualitative Survey of the German Health Insurance Market
What is Your Selfie Worth? A Field Study on Individualsâ Valuation of Personal Data
Justification of Mass Surveillance: A Quantitative Study
An Exploratory Study of Risk Perception for Data Disclosure to a Network of Firms
Track 12: Umweltinformatik und nachhaltiges Wirtschaften
KommunikationsfĂ€den im Nadelöhr â Fachliche Prozessmodellierung der Nachhaltigkeitskommunikation am Kapitalmarkt
Potentiale und Herausforderungen der Materialflusskostenrechnung
Computing Incentives for User-Based Relocation in Carsharing
Sustainabilityâs Coming Home: Preliminary Design Principles for the Sustainable Smart District
Substitution of hazardous chemical substances using Deep Learning and t-SNE
A Hierarchy of DSMLs in Support of Product Life-Cycle Assessment
A Survey of Smart Energy Services for Private Households
Door-to-Door Mobility Integrators as Keystone Organizations of Smart Ecosystems: Resources and Value Co-Creation â A Literature Review
Ein EntscheidungsunterstĂŒtzungssystem zur ökonomischen Bewertung von Mieterstrom auf Basis der Clusteranalyse
Discovering Blockchain for Sustainable Product-Service Systems to enhance the Circular Economy
Digitale RĂŒckverfolgbarkeit von Lebensmitteln: Eine verbraucherinformatische Studie
Umweltbewusstsein durch audiovisuelles Content Marketing? Eine experimentelle Untersuchung zur Konsumentenbewertung nachhaltiger Smartphones
Towards Predictive Energy Management in Information Systems: A Research Proposal
A Web Browser-Based Application for Processing and Analyzing Material Flow Models using the MFCA Methodology
Track 13: Digital Work - Social, mobile, smart
On Conversational Agents in Information Systems Research: Analyzing the Past to Guide Future Work
The Potential of Augmented Reality for Improving Occupational First Aid
Prevent a Vicious Circle! The Role of Organizational IT-Capability in Attracting IT-affine Applicants
Good, Bad, or Both? Conceptualization and Measurement of Ambivalent User Attitudes Towards AI
A Case Study on Cross-Hierarchical Communication in Digital Work Environments
âShow Me Your People Skillsâ - Employing CEO Branding for Corporate Reputation Management in Social Media
A Multiorganisational Study of the Drivers and Barriers of Enterprise Collaboration Systems-Enabled Change
The More the Merrier? The Effect of Size of Core Team Subgroups on Success of Open Source Projects
The Impact of Anthropomorphic and Functional Chatbot Design Features in Enterprise Collaboration Systems on User Acceptance
Digital Feedback for Digital Work? Affordances and Constraints of a Feedback App at InsurCorp
The Effect of Marker-less Augmented Reality on Task and Learning Performance
Antecedents for Cyberloafing â A Literature Review
Internal Crowd Work as a Source of Empowerment - An Empirical Analysis of the Perception of Employees in a Crowdtesting Project
Track 14: GeschÀftsmodelle und digitales Unternehmertum
Dividing the ICO Jungle: Extracting and Evaluating Design Archetypes
Capturing Value from Data: Exploring Factors Influencing Revenue Model Design for Data-Driven Services
Understanding the Role of Data for Innovating Business Models: A System Dynamics Perspective
Business Model Innovation and Stakeholder: Exploring Mechanisms and Outcomes of Value Creation and Destruction
Business Models for Internet of Things Platforms: Empirical Development of a Taxonomy and Archetypes
Revitalizing established Industrial Companies: State of the Art and Success Principles of Digital Corporate Incubators
When 1+1 is Greater than 2: Concurrence of Additional Digital and Established Business Models within Companies
Special Track 1: Student Track
Investigating Personalized Price Discrimination of Textile-, Electronics- and General Stores in German Online Retail
From Facets to a Universal Definition â An Analysis of IoT Usage in Retail
Is the Technostress Creators Inventory Still an Up-To-Date Measurement Instrument? Results of a Large-Scale Interview Study
Application of Media Synchronicity Theory to Creative Tasks in Virtual Teams Using the Example of Design Thinking
TrustyTweet: An Indicator-based Browser-Plugin to Assist Users in Dealing with Fake News on Twitter
Application of Process Mining Techniques to Support Maintenance-Related Objectives
How Voice Can Change Customer Satisfaction: A Comparative Analysis between E-Commerce and Voice Commerce
Business Process Compliance and Blockchain: How Does the Ethereum Blockchain Address Challenges of Business Process Compliance?
Improving Business Model Configuration through a Question-based Approach
The Influence of Situational Factors and Gamification on Intrinsic Motivation and Learning
Evaluation von ITSM-Tools fĂŒr Integration und Management von Cloud-Diensten am Beispiel von ServiceNow
How Software Promotes the Integration of Sustainability in Business Process Management
Criteria Catalog for Industrial IoT Platforms from the Perspective of the Machine Tool Industry
Special Track 3: Demos & Prototyping
Privacy-friendly User Location Tracking with Smart Devices: The BeaT Prototype
Application-oriented robotics in nursing homes
Augmented Reality for Set-up Processe
Mixed Reality for supporting Remote-Meetings
Gamification zur Motivationssteigerung von Werkern bei der Betriebsdatenerfassung
Automatically Extracting and Analyzing Customer Needs from Twitter: A âNeedminingâ Prototype
GaNEsHA: Opportunities for Sustainable Transportation in Smart Cities
TUCANA: A platform for using local processing power of edge devices for building data-driven services
Demonstrator zur Beschreibung und Visualisierung einer kritischen Infrastruktur
Entwicklung einer alltagsnahen persuasiven App zur Bewegungsmotivation fĂŒr Ă€ltere Nutzerinnen und Nutzer
A browser-based modeling tool for studying the learning of conceptual modeling based on a multi-modal data collection approach
Exergames & Dementia: An interactive System for People with Dementia and their Care-Network
Workshops
Workshop Ethics and Morality in Business Informatics (Workshop Ethik und Moral in der Wirtschaftsinformatik â EMoWIâ19)
Model-Based Compliance in Information Systems - Foundations, Case Description and Data Set of the MobIS-Challenge for Students and Doctoral Candidates
Report of the Workshop on Concepts and Methods of Identifying Digital Potentials in Information Management
Control of Systemic Risks in Global Networks - A Grand Challenge to Information Systems Research
Die Mitarbeiter von morgen - Kompetenzen kĂŒnftiger Mitarbeiter im Bereich Business Analytics
Digitaler Konsum: Herausforderungen und Chancen der Verbraucherinformati
Regulation of cardiotrophin-1 expression in mouse embryonic stem cells by HIF-1alpha and intracellular reactive oxygen species
Cardiomyogenesis in differentiating mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells is promoted by cardiotrophin-1 (CT-1), a member of the IL-6 interleukin superfamily that acts through the tall gp130 cytokine receptor. We show that prooxidants (menadione, hydrogen peroxide) as well as chemical (CoCl2) and physiological (1% O2) hypoxia increased CT-1 as well as HIF-1alpha protein and mRNA expression in embryoid bodies, indicating that CT-1 expression is regulated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and hypoxia. Treatment with either prooxidants or chemical hypoxia increased gp130 phosphorylation and protein expression of NADPH oxidase subunits p22-phox, p47-phox, p67-phox, as well as Nox1 and Nox4 mRNA. Consequently, inhibition of NADPH oxidase activity by diphenylen iodonium chloride (DPI) and apocynin abolished prooxidant- and chemical hypoxia-induced upregulation of CT-1. Prooxidants and chemical hypoxia activated ERK1,2, JNK and p38 as well as PI3-kinase. The proxidant- and CoCl2-mediated upregulation of CT-1 was significantly inhibited in the presence of the ERK1,2 antagonist UO126, the JNK antagonist SP600125, the p38 antagonist SKF86002, the PI3-kinase antagonist LY294002, the Jak-2 antagonist AG490 as well as in the presence of free radical scavengers. Moreover, developing embryoid bodies derived from HIF-1alpha-/- ES cells lack cardiomyogenesis, and prooxidants as well as chemical hypoxia failed to upregulate CT-1 expression. Our results demonstrate that CT-1 expression in ES cells is regulated by ROS and HIF-1alpha and imply a crucial role of CT-1 in the survival and proliferation of ES-cell-derived cardiac cells
Selbstbestimmte IdentitÀten im E-Commerce
Der Online-Handel verzeichnet seit Jahren ein stetiges Wachstum. Durch die COVID-19-Pandemie kaufen nun auch Nutzende, die zuvor physische KanĂ€le bevorzugten, vermehrt online ein. Der Anbietererfolg hĂ€ngt dabei wesentlich von der Kenntnis ĂŒber die Kund*innen ab. Allerdings dominieren einige groĂe Anbieter den Markt, wĂ€hrend kleinere Online-Shops Schwierigkeiten haben, ihre Angebote zu personalisieren. Eine Lösung bietet der Ansatz selbstbestimmter IdentitĂ€ten. Dieser ermöglicht Kund*innen, ihre eigenen Shoppingdaten zu kontrollieren und sie selektiv mit Online-Shops zu teilen. Dadurch können individuelle WĂŒnsche und Anforderungen der Kund*innen in Online-Shops berĂŒcksichtigt und ein personalisiertes Angebot sowie eine gute Nutzungserfahrung geboten werden. Trotz des groĂen Potenzials selbstbestimmter IdentitĂ€ten ist der Ansatz in Deutschland kaum verbreitet. Dieser Beitrag beleuchtet den Einsatz selbstbestimmter IdentitĂ€ten im Online-Handel. Mithilfe eines menschenzentrierten Gestaltungsprozesses wurden Personas und Ist-Szenarien erstellt, sowie daraus resultierend Anforderungen erhoben und Potenziale identifiziert. Auf Basis dessen konnte ein Daten- und Architekturmodell zur Integration von selbstbestimmten IdentitĂ€ten im Online-Handel entwickelt werden.E-commerce has been growing for years. With the COVID-19 pandemic, even users who previously preferred physical channels are increasingly shopping online. The success of online retailers depends largely on knowing their customers. However, a few major players dominate the market, leaving smaller online shops struggling to personalize their offerings. One solution is the approach of self-sovereign identity. This allows customers to control their own shopping data and selectively share it with online shops. Thus, online shops can consider individual customer preferences and requirements, providing personalized recommendations and user experience. Despite the great potential of self-sovereign identity, this approach is scarcely widespread in Germany. This article examines the use of self-sovereign identity in e-commerce. With the help of a human-centered design process, personas and actual scenarios were created and the resulting requirements and potentials identified. On this basis, a data and architecture model for the integration of self-sovereign identities in e-commerce was developed
Assessment of Energy Related Planning Goals in Factory Design using Simulation Experiments
Improving the use of energy in factories represents a considerable design challenge for planners and other decision makers. In order to understand the effects of interdependent design parameters on the energy consumption of factories, researchers have developed detailed models and complex co-simulation environment. However, the insights gained from these simulation models are limited, due to the prevalence of âtrial and errorâ approaches used in the assessment of design alternatives within the simulation model. Therefore, the number of simulation runs and consequently the computational effort increasing while design decisions stay suboptimal. Here we present a methodology to provide decision support in early design stages using matrix based simulation experiments. Taguchi orthogonal arrays are implied to assist in the simultaneous evaluation of multiple design parameters. As a result we show how the methodology can be applied during the design of new or the redesign of existing factories, considering energy related planning goals. While using the proposed methodology, the efficiency of simulation experiments and the quality of the provided design decisions can both be improved. This in consequence supports the use of simulation tools among planners and promotes the benefits of simulation based planning approaches among decision makers
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