Two solar eclipses observations in Turkey

In thispap er, the changesin the ionosphere over Turkey due to two solar eclipses are reported. TEC on the eclipse day (26 April 1976) and the intensity of an HF radio wave during itspropagation over 567 km between Ankara and Elazıˇg on the eclipse day (11 August 1999) exhibited a very marked decrease

Reconciling the stratigraphy and depositional history of the Lycian orogen-top basins, SW Anatolia

Terrestrial fossil records from the SWAnatolian basins are crucial both for regional correlations and palaeoenvironmental reconstructions. By reassessing biostratigraphic constraints and incorporating new fossil data, we calibrated and reconstructed the late Neogene andQuaternary palaeoenvironments within a regional palaeogeographical framework. The culmination of the Taurides inSWAnatolia was followed by a regional crustal extension from the late Tortonian onwards that created a broad array of NE-trending orogen-top basins with synchronic associations of alluvial fan, fluvial and lacustrine deposits. The terrestrial basins are superimposed on the upper Burdigalian marine units with a c. 7 myr of hiatus that corresponds to a shift from regional shortening to extension. The initial infill of these basins is documented by a transition from marginal alluvial fans and axial fluvial systems into central shallow-perennial lakes coinciding with a climatic shift from warm/humid to arid conditions. The basal alluvial fan deposits abound in fossil macro-mammals of an early Turolian (MN11–12; late Tortonian) age. The Pliocene epoch in the region was punctuated by subhumid/humid conditions resulting in a rise of local base levels and expansion of lakes as evidenced by marsh-swamp deposits containing diverse fossilmammal assemblages indicating late Ruscinian (lateMN15; late Zanclean) ageWe are grateful for the support of the international bilateral project between The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) and The Russian Scientific Foundation (RFBR) with grant a number of 111Y192. M.C.A. is grateful to the Turkish Academy of Sciences (TUBA) for a GEBIP (Young Scientist Award) grant. T.K. and S.M. are grateful to the Ege University Scientific Research Center for the TTM/002/2016 and TTM/001/2016 projects. M.C.A., H.A., S.M. and M.B. have obtained Martin and Temmick Fellowships at Naturalis Biodiversity Center (Leiden). F.A.D. is supported by a Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Scientific Research Grant. T.A.N. is supported by an Alexander-von-Humboldt Scholarship. L.H.O. received support from TUBITAK under the 2221 program for visiting scientists

Neogene restoration of geometry of the Neotethyan suture zone in Central Anatolia (Turkey)

We have restored the geometries of suture zones that involved various continental blocks in central Anatolia during the Neogene, using palaeomagnetic data. Previously, the Kırşehir Block was proposed to be an NNE-SSW striking tectonic block broken into three fragments that they underwent clockwise rotations in the north and counter-clockwise rotations in the south during the Palaeogene, due to collision and N-S shortening of the Kırşehir Block between Tauride-Menderes Block in the south and the Pontides in the north. Our new results point out five distinct Neogene tectonic domains with distinct rotation patterns that indicate the rotational deformation of Central Anatolia is far more complex than generally presumed. Among these, 1) Kırıkkale-Bala Domain is rotated ~18° clockwise, 2) the Tuz Gölü Domain underwent ~14° counter-clockwise rotation, 3) the Alcı-Orhaniye Domain rotated ~35° counter-clockwise sense, 4) the Northern Haymana Domain underwent ~12° counter-clockwise rotation while 5) the Southern Haymana Domain underwent very small (~5° clockwise) net rotation since the early Miocene. The results also indicated that pre-Neogene configuration of the Izmir-Ankara Suture Zone was striking almost E-W while Inner-Tauride and Ankara-Erzincan suture zones were almost N-S in the study area. In addition, the fault zones that define the these domains extend from the Kırşehir Block into the over-riding blocks (Pontides) continuously without any deflection indicating that they were active during the Neogene and fragmented and dislocated the suture zones in the region

Neogene restoration of geometry of the Neotethyan suture zone in Central Anatolia (Turkey)

We have restored the geometries of suture zones that involved various continental blocks in central Anatolia during the Neogene, using palaeomagnetic data. Previously, the Kırşehir Block was proposed to be an NNE-SSW striking tectonic block broken into three fragments that they underwent clockwise rotations in the north and counter-clockwise rotations in the south during the Palaeogene, due to collision and N-S shortening of the Kırşehir Block between Tauride-Menderes Block in the south and the Pontides in the north. Our new results point out five distinct Neogene tectonic domains with distinct rotation patterns that indicate the rotational deformation of Central Anatolia is far more complex than generally presumed. Among these, 1) Kırıkkale-Bala Domain is rotated ~18° clockwise, 2) the Tuz Gölü Domain underwent ~14° counter-clockwise rotation, 3) the Alcı-Orhaniye Domain rotated ~35° counter-clockwise sense, 4) the Northern Haymana Domain underwent ~12° counter-clockwise rotation while 5) the Southern Haymana Domain underwent very small (~5° clockwise) net rotation since the early Miocene. The results also indicated that pre-Neogene configuration of the Izmir-Ankara Suture Zone was striking almost E-W while Inner-Tauride and Ankara-Erzincan suture zones were almost N-S in the study area. In addition, the fault zones that define the these domains extend from the Kırşehir Block into the over-riding blocks (Pontides) continuously without any deflection indicating that they were active during the Neogene and fragmented and dislocated the suture zones in the region

Kinematic and thermal evolution of the Haymana Basin, a fore-arc to foreland basin in Central Anatolia (Turkey)

Gondwana (Tauride/Kırşehir blocks) and Eurasia (Pontides) derived continental blocks delimit the Haymana basin, central Turkey, to the south and the north, respectively. The boundaries of these blocks define the Izmir-Ankara-Erzincan and Intra-Tauride Suture zones which are straddled by a number of Late Cretaceous to Oligocene marine to continental basins. The Haymana Basin is located at the junction of the IAESZ and ITSZ and comprises Upper Cretaceous to Middle Eocene basin infill deposited in response to the interaction of these blocks. The basin provides a unique opportunity to unravel spatio-temporal relationships related to the timing of late stage subduction history of Neo-Tethys Ocean and subsequent collision of the intervening continental blocks. We have conducted a multidisciplinary study in the region that includes mapping of major structures combined with fault kinematic analyses. E-W striking folds dominate the basin, cross-section balancing of these structures indicates around 25% roughly N-S shortening in the region. Paleostress studies indicate that the basin was initially subjected to N-S to NNE-SSW extension until the middle Paleocene (phase 1) and then N-S directed syn-depositional compression and coeval E-W directed extension until the middle Miocene (phase 2) implying strike-slip deformation and pure shear shortening in the basin. These different deformation phases are attributed to first fore-arc (subduction) basin development then foreland (collision) stages of the basin. Apatite (U-Th)/He dating of 5 samples indicate that exhumation of the SE segment of the basin started in early Oligocene, whereas the NW segment of the basin exhumed in the early Miocene. The differential uplift is possibly related to progressive north-westwards movement of Dereköy basin bounding fault at the north. We propose that the Haymana basin evolved from extensional forearc basin during the late Cretaceous to early Paleocene and foreland basin after the terminal subduction and subsequent collision of Tauride and Pontide blocks

Vertical-axis rotations accommodated along the Mid-Cycladic lineament on Paros Island in the extensional heart of the Aegean orocline (Greece)

The Aegean-west Anatolian orocline formed due to Neogene opposite rotations of its western and eastern limbs during opening of the Aegean back-arc basin. Stretching lineations in exhumed metamorphic complexes in this basin mimic the regional vertical-axis rotation patterns and suggest that the oppositely rotating domains are sharply bounded along a Mid-Cycladic lineament, the tectonic nature of which is enigmatic. Some have proposed this lineament to be an extensional fault accommodating orogen-parallel extension, while others have considered it to be a transform fault. The island of Paros hosts the only exposure of the E- to NE-trending lineations characterizing the NW Cyclades and the N-trending lineations of the SE Cyclades. Here, we show new paleomagnetic results from isotropic, ca. 16 Ma granitoids that intruded both domains and demonstrate that the trend difference resulted from post-16 Ma ~90° clockwise and 10° counterclockwise rotation of the NW and SE blocks, respectively. We interpret the semiductile to brittle, low-angle, SE-dipping Elitas shear zone that accommodated this rotation difference to reflect the Mid-Cycladic lineament. We conclude a two-stage exhumation history for Paros that is consistent with regional Aegean reconstructions. Between ca. 23 and 16 Ma, the metamorphic rocks of Paros were exhumed from amphibolite-facies to greenschist-facies conditions along a top-to-the-N detachment. The Elitas shear zone then started to exhume the northwestern, clockwiserotating domain from below the southeastern, counterclockwise rotating domain since 16 Ma. From this, we infer that the Mid-Cycladic lineament is an extensional shear zone, consistent with geometric predictions that Aegean oroclinal bending was accommodated by orogennormal and orogen-parallel extension. © 2016 Geological Society of America

Age and paleoenvironmental reconstruction of partially remagnetized lacustrine sedimentary rocks (Oligocene Aktoprak basin, central Anatolia, Turkey)

The age and paleoenvironmental record of lacustrine deposits in the Aktoprak basin of south-central Turkey provides information about the evolution of topography, including the timing of development of an orographic rain shadow caused by uplift of the mountain ranges fringing the Central Anatolian Plateau. New magnetostratigraphy-based age estimates, in combination with existing biostratigraphic ages, suggest that the partially remagnetized Kurtulmu Tepe section of the basin is Chattian (Upper Oligocene). The mean carbon and oxygen stable isotope ratios (O-18= 24.62.0 , C-13= -4.91.1) are largely constant through the section and indicative of a subtropical, open freshwater lake. These isotopic values are also similar to those of the Chattian Mut basin to the south, on the Mediterranean side of the modern orographic barrier (Tauride Mountains), and indicate absence of an orographic barrier during Late Oligocene basin deposition. Post-depositional partial remagnetization occurred after tilting of the basin sequence and was mineralogically controlled, affecting grey, carbonate-rich rocks (average %CaCO3= 82), whereas interlayered pink carbonate-poor rocks (average %CaCO3= 38) carry a primary, pretilt magnetization. The pink rocks are rich in clay minerals that may have reduced the permeability of these rocks that carry a primary magnetization, concentrating basinal fluid flow in the carbonate-rich grey layers and leading to the removal and reprecipitation of magnetic minerals. The normal and reverse polarities recorded by the remagnetized rocks suggest that remagnetization occurred over a protracted period of time

Validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the COPD exercise self-regulatory efficacy scale

Çetinkaya, Funda ( Aksaray, Yazar )Introduction: The concept of self-efficacy in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and the development of self-efficacy in individuals are extremely significant. Increasing the self-efficacy level in individuals with COPD will contribute to the effective management of symptoms. Moreover, exercise is essential in COPD management and nursing care. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the results of the validity and reliability study of the Turkish version of the COPD Exercise Self-Regulatory Efficacy Scale (Ex-SRES) developed by Davis et al. Methods: This is a methodological study conducted with 160 patients diagnosed with COPD. Data were collected using the Personal Information Form and COPD Ex-SRES. Moreover, the Cronbach's α value was calculated, and the test-retest reliability was performed for reliability analysis. Results: The item total correlation scores of the Turkish version were between 0.608 and 0.853 points. The total score correlation coefficients of all the items in the scale were over 0.30. In this respect, the item total correlation values of the Turkish version of the Ex-SRES were at an appropriate level of reliability. In addition, the total Cronbach's α coefficient of the scale was calculated as 0.96. Conclusion: The Turkish version of the Ex-SRES was found to have high validity and reliability and to be a precise tool that specifically measures exercise self-efficacy in the COPD patient group