Estudo qualitativo dos fatores que interferem na aderência ao tratamento crônico em idosos.

Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Curso de Medicina. Departamento de Saúde Pública

Axon diversity of lamina I local-circuit neurons in the lumbar spinal cord

Spinal lamina I is a key area for relaying and integrating information from nociceptive primary afferents with various other sources of inputs. Although lamina I projection neurons have been intensively studied, much less attention has been given to local-circuit neurons (LCNs), which form the majority of the lamina I neuronal population. In this work the infrared light-emitting diode oblique illumination technique was used to visualize and label LCNs, allowing reconstruction and analysis of their dendritic and extensive axonal trees. We show that the majority of lamina I neurons with locally branching axons fall into the multipolar (with ventrally protruding dendrites) and flattened (dendrites limited to lamina I) somatodendritic categories. Analysis of their axons revealed that the initial myelinated part gives rise to several unmyelinated small-diameter branches that have a high number of densely packed, large varicosities and an extensive rostrocaudal (two or three segments), mediolateral, and dorsoventral (reaching laminae III–IV) distribution. The extent of the axon and the occasional presence of long, solitary branches suggest that LCNs may also form short and long propriospinal connections. We also found that the distribution of axon varicosities and terminal field locations show substantial heterogeneity and that a substantial portion of LCNs is inhibitory. Our observations indicate that LCNs of lamina I form intersegmental as well as interlaminar connections and may govern large numbers of neurons, providing anatomical substrate for rostrocaudal “processing units” in the dorsal horn

El impacto de la migración en los jóvenes de la Parroquia El Valle en la ciudad de Loja, durante los años 2002-2003

En esta investigación convenimos utilizar el método deductivo, el mismo que nos permitió obtener una visión más amplia de la realidad de donde se pudo captar y extraer datos concretos y verificables acerca del fenómeno de la migración; también nos remitimos al método descriptivo, sistemático y al método hermenéutico que nos dio una mejor interpretación de la realidad desde los aportes doctrinales utilizados; igualmente el método exegético nos ayudó a iluminar esta realidad desde la Palabra de Dios. Utilizamos además la técnica de la observación que nos permitió una mayor cercanía con los sujetos del problema para observar actitudes, gestos, comportamientos y palabras que nos condujeron a buscar datos, propuestas y alternativas; también la encuesta fue un valioso instrumento que nos facilitó la obtención de datos generales del problema; así mismo, la entrevista nos permitió informaciones precisas en el ámbito personal, familiar y social

"Textura del suelo y ciclo del agua". Un estudio de construcci?n de conceptos sobre texturas del suelo y ciclo del agua en la instituci?n educativa Diego Fall?n sedes El Mango y El Llano

73 P?ginasRecurso Electr?nicoEl presente trabajo es resultado parcial, del trabajo liderado desde el Proyecto Construcci?n conceptual en el aula de clases dentro del proyecto Aula Viva del programa de Licenciatura para la Educaci?n b?sica en Ciencias Naturales y Educaci?n Ambiental de la Universidad del Tolima. La investigaci?n es un aporte a la construcci?n conceptual en la escuela, a trav?s de la realizaci?n de estrategias pedag?gicas y did?cticas, se construyen los conceptos de manera colaborativa o individual; El trabajo investigativo busca dar respuesta al siguiente interrogante: ?C?mo fortalecer en el aula de clases la construcci?n del concepto de texturas de suelo y ciclo fundamental del agua en el ?rea de ciencias naturales en los grados tercero, cuarto y quinto de la I.E. DIEGO FALLON? Para lograr que los estudiantes tengan una apropiaci?n conceptual de una manera pr?ctica y significativa. El trabajo responde a la investigaci?n de tipo formativo, centrada en el estudiante y el docente; a trav?s de las siguientes etapas: ?explorando el campo? resultado de una salida pedag?gica al campo, una segunda etapa ?grandes constructores? construcci?n del filtro y una tercera etapa en la que se incorporan las TIC, mediante la construcci?n de un blog. El territorio de observaci?n fue en la I. E. DIEGO FALLON del municipio de FALAN corregimiento de FRIAS, que cuenta con 525 estudiantes en los grados de preescolar a once y se trabajara con 9 estudiantes de la sedes el mango y el llano en los grados 3?, 4? y 5?, durante el a?o 2013.ABSTRACT. This work is a partial result, the led from conceptual construction project in the classroom in the Classroom program live project for Basic Education Degree in Natural Science and Environmental Education at the University of Tolima work. The research is a contribution to the conceptual construction at school, through the implementation of education and teaching strategies, concepts individually or collaboratively constructed; The research work seeks to answer the following question: How to strengthen in the classroom construction of the concept of soil textures and basic water cycle in the area of natural sciences in grades three, four and five of the IE DIEGO FALLON? To ensure that students have a conceptual appropriation of a practical and meaningful way. The work responds to the research training type, focused on the student and teacher; through the following steps: "exploring the countryside" result of an educational field trip, a second stage "big builders" filter construction and a third stage in which ICTs are incorporated, by building a blog. The territory of observation was in IE DIEGO FALLON FALAN Township village of FRIAS, with 525 students in grades kindergarten through eleven and 9 students work with the venues mango and plain in grades 3, 4th and 5th, in 2013.INTRODUCCI?N 14 1. IDENTIFICANDO TEXTURAS AGUDIZO MIS SENTIDOS 17 1.1. EL PROBLEMA 17 1.2. Objetivos 18 1.2.1. Objetivo General 18 1.2.2. Objetivos Espec?ficos 18 1.3. JUSTIFICACI?N 19 2. INTERACTUANDO CON M? ENTORNO 21 2.1. TIPO DE INVESTIGACI?N 21 2.2. POBLACI?N Y MUESTRA 23 2.3. T?CNICAS PARA RECOGER LA INFORMACI?N 25 2.4. ETAPAS DE LA INVESTIGACI?N 26 2.4.1. Primera Etapa ?Explorando el Campo? 26 2.4.2. Segunda Etapa ?Grandes Constructores? 26 2.4.3. Tercera etapa ?Conectados con el Mundo? 26 3. CONSTRUCCI?N CONCEPTUAL EN EL AULA DE CLASES 27 3.1. VISI?N LEGAL SOBRE LOS PROCESOS EDUCATIVOS 27 3.2. APROXIMACI?N PSICOL?GICA 29 3.3. PROCESO DE APRENDIZAJE 31 3.4. LUGAR PARA APREHENDER 37 3.5. TIC PARA LA EDUCACI?N 41 3.6. AMBIENTE Y NATURALEZA 46 4. MANEJEMOS NUESTROS RECURSOS AGUA Y SUELO 48 4.1. UBICACI?N GEOGR?FICA DEL TRABAJO DE INVESTIGACI?N 48 4.2. PRIMERA ETAPA 57 4.2.1. Explorando el Campo 57 4.3. SEGUNDA ETAPA 60 4.3.1. Grandes Constructores 60 4.4. TERCERA ETAPA 65 4.4.1. Conectados con el Mundo 65 5. CONCLUSIONES 66 RECOMENDACIONES 67 REFERENCIAS 68 ANEXOS 7

Discotic Mesophases of the Hexakis(alkylsulfono)benzene Series: Characterization by Differential Scanning Calorimetry, Optical Microscopy and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

Members of the Hexakis(alkylsulfono)benzene series 4, containing 7 to 15 carbon atoms per alkyl chain (4 c-k), exhibit one and possibly several liquid crystalline discotic mesophases. The mesophases are uniaxial and most probably have a columnar structure. Their anisotropic magnetic susceptibility is negative and in sufficiently strong magnetic fields they align with the director perpendicular to the field direction. Deuterium NMR spectra of C6D6 dissolved in the mesophases exhibit quadrupolar splittings which are strongly temperature dependent. In analogy with the conventional discotics this suggests the presence of multiple solvation sites for solute molecules

Simulations of a mortality plateau in the sexual Penna model for biological ageing

The Penna model is a strategy to simulate the genetic dynamics of age-structured populations, in which the individuals genomes are represented by bit-strings. It provides a simple metaphor for the evolutionary process in terms of the mutation accumulation theory. In its original version, an individual dies due to inherited diseases when its current number of accumulated mutations, n, reaches a threshold value, T. Since the number of accumulated diseases increases with age, the probability to die is zero for very young ages (n = T). Here, instead of using a step function to determine the genetic death age, we test several other functions that may or may not slightly increase the death probability at young ages (n < T), but that decreases this probability at old ones. Our purpose is to study the oldest old effect, that is, a plateau in the mortality curves at advanced ages. Imposing certain conditions, it has been possible to obtain a clear plateau using the Penna model. However, a more realistic one appears when a modified version, that keeps the population size fixed without fluctuations, is used. We also find a relation between the birth rate, the age-structure of the population and the death probability.Comment: submitted to Phys. Rev.

Critical fluctuations and random-anisotropy glass transition in nematic elastomers

We carry out a detailed deuterium NMR study of local nematic ordering in polydomain nematic elastomers. This system has a close analogy to the random-anisotropy spin glass. We find that, in spite of the quadrupolar nematic symmetry in 3-dimensions requiring a first-order transition, the order parameter in the quenched ``nematic glass'' emerges via a continuous phase transition. In addition, by a careful analysis of the NMR line shape, we deduce that the local director fluctuations grow in a critical manner around the transition point. This could be the experimental evidence for the Aizenman-Wehr theorem about the quenched impurities changing the order of discontinuous transition

Detecting Mutations in the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Pyrazinamidase Gene pncA to Improve Infection Control and Decrease Drug Resistance Rates in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Coinfection.

Hospital infection control measures are crucial to tuberculosis (TB) control strategies within settings caring for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients, as these patients are at heightened risk of developing TB. Pyrazinamide (PZA) is a potent drug that effectively sterilizes persistent Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacilli. However, PZA resistance associated with mutations in the nicotinamidase/pyrazinamidase coding gene, pncA, is increasing. A total of 794 patient isolates obtained from four sites in Lima, Peru, underwent spoligotyping and drug resistance testing. In one of these sites, the HIV unit of Hospital Dos de Mayo (HDM), an isolation ward for HIV/TB coinfected patients opened during the study as an infection control intervention: circulating genotypes and drug resistance pre- and postintervention were compared. All other sites cared for HIV-negative outpatients: genotypes and drug resistance rates from these sites were compared with those from HDM. HDM patients showed high concordance between multidrug resistance, PZA resistance according to the Wayne method, the two most common genotypes (spoligotype international type [SIT] 42 of the Latino American-Mediterranean (LAM)-9 clade and SIT 53 of the T1 clade), and the two most common pncA mutations (G145A and A403C). These associations were absent among community isolates. The infection control intervention was associated with 58-92% reductions in TB caused by SIT 42 or SIT 53 genotypes (odds ratio [OR] = 0.420, P = 0.003); multidrug-resistant TB (OR = 0.349, P < 0.001); and PZA-resistant TB (OR = 0.076, P < 0.001). In conclusion, pncA mutation typing, with resistance testing and spoligotyping, was useful in identifying a nosocomial TB outbreak and demonstrating its resolution after implementation of infection control measures

Tipologia textual una herramienta para la producci?n escritural en los estudinates de los grados quinto y sexto de educaci?n b?sica del colegio parroquial de Nuestra Se?ora

171 p. Recurso Electr?nicoEl proyecto de investigaci?n se desarroll? con los estudiantes del Grado quinto y sexto del Colegio Parroquial de Nuestra Se?ora, donde se identific? un alto grado de dificultad en la producci?n escrita, puesto que los estudiantes tienden a escribir oraciones o fragmentos, sin incorporar elementos sint?cticos de concordancia, cohesi?n e intencionalidad comunicativa en sus producciones. Por esta raz?n, el proyecto contribuye al desarrollo de la producci?n textual de los estudiantes para que produzcan diferentes tipos de textos, de tal manera que asuman la escritura como un proceso que les permite comprender e interpretar el mundo que les rodea y puedan utilizarla en cualquier contexto en particular donde se desenvuelvan. Para diversos autores (Daniel Cassany, Victor Miguel Ni?o y Van Dijk), la escritura es algo m?s que un simple artefacto mec?nico. Se considera el m?s grande invento manual-intelectual creado por el hombre, realizado manualmente, o por medios impresos o electr?nicos. Frente a esta mirada de la escritura se hace evidente la necesidad de continuar produciendo herramientas pedag?gicas que permitan resolver los m?ltiples problemas de la ense?anza de la lengua escrita. Con esta finalidad, los resultados de este trabajo investigativo brindaron los siguientes aportes. Los ni?os y las ni?as se acercaron al mundo de la escritura de una manera significativa y agradable, creando escritos a partir de las tipolog?as textuales. El dise?o metodol?gico se desarroll? en tres etapas: Observaci?n y diagn?stico, implementaci?n y evaluaci?n, teniendo como base la implementaci?n los talleres guiados como estrategia para fortalecer los procesos de escritura por medio de diferentes textosThe project of investigation developed with the students of the fifth and sixth Degree of the Parochial College of Our Lady, where a high degree of difficulty was identified in the written production, since the students tend to write prayers or fragments, without incorporating syntactic elements of conformity, cohesion and communicative premeditation in his productions. For this reason, the project tried to contribute to the development of the textual production of the students in order that they produce different types of texts, in such a way that they assume the writing as a process that allows them to understand and to interpret the world that they makes a detour and could use it in any context especially where they are unrolled. For diverse authors (Daniel Cassany, Victor Miguel Ni?o y Van Dijk), the writing is something more than a simple mechanical appliance. It is considered to be the biggest manual - intellectual invention created by the man, realized manually, or for printed or electronic means. Opposite to this look of the writing the need to continue becomes evident producing pedagogic tools that allow solving the multiple problems of the education of the written language. With this purpose, the results of this work investigative offered the following contributions. The children and the girls approached the world of the writing of a significant and agreeable way, creating writings from the textual typologies. The methodological design developed in three stages: Observation and diagnosis, implementation and evaluation, taking the implementation as a base the workshops guided as strategy to strengthen the processes of writing by means of different texts. Keywords: Writing, textual production, typologies textual, holding a permit workshop