85 research outputs found

    How reserve selection is affected by preferences in Swedish boreal forests

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    It is important to consider the preferences of the various stakeholders involved when evaluating effective reserve selection, since it is largely their preferences that determine which of a given set of potential reserve networks that actually is "the best". We interviewed eight conservation planners working at the county administrative boards in each of the eight administrative counties covering boreal Sweden to establish weightings for different structural biodiversity indicators by using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). The subjective weightings were applied in a reserve selection model based on a goal programming (GP) approach. The structural indicators were derived from the Swedish National Forest Inventory (NFI) and used as proxy for biodiversity potential. A biodiversity indicator score, based on the values of those indicators, was maximized. The model adjusted this score ensuring that all indicators were represented in the selection, and further also adjusted the influence of the indicators based on the subjective weightings. We evaluated the GP approach by comparing it to a simple linear programming (LP) formulation, only maximizing the indicator richness. In all cases the model was limited either by a budget or an area. The biodiversity potential in young forests are often neglected within present conservation policies, however, the proportion of selected forest under 15 years was relatively high in all our cost-effective cases, varying between 32% and 60% using the individual planners subjective weightings, compared to 80% when using a simple LP model. The proportion of selected forest over 100 years varied between 69% and 85% in the area-effective cases using the subjective weightings, compared to 80% when using a simple LP model. Middle-aged forest was not favored in any of the selections, although they make up a substantial part of the total area. We conclude that there are differences in how conservation planners prioritize the indicators, and depending on how specific biodiversity indicators are weighted the age distribution of the selected reserves differs. This demonstrates the importance of considering how to establish appropriate weightings. It is also important to consider the, at least in our case, substantial difference in how common the different indicators are to ensure that the weightings get their intended impact on the selections. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

    Considering future potential regarding structural diversity in selection of forest reserves

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    A rich structural diversity in forests promotes biodiversity. Forests are dynamic and therefore it is crucial to consider future structural potential when selecting reserves, to make robust conservation decisions. We analyzed forests in boreal Sweden based on 17,599 National Forest Inventory (NFI) plots with the main aim to understand how effectiveness of reserves depends on the time dimension in the selection process, specifically by considering future structural diversity. In the study both the economic value and future values of 15 structural variables were simulated during a 100 year period. To get a net present structural value (NPSV), a single value covering both current and future values, we used four discounting alternatives: (1) only considering present values, (2) giving equal importance to values in each of the 100 years within the planning horizon, (3) applying an annual discount rate considering the risk that values could be lost, and (4) only considering the values in year 100. The four alternatives were evaluated in a reserve selection model under budget-constrained and area-constrained selections. When selecting young forests higher structural richness could be reached at a quarter of the cost over almost twice the area in a budget-constrained selection compared to an area-constrained selection. Our results point to the importance of considering future structural diversity in the selection of forest reserves and not as is done currently to base the selection on existing values. Targeting future values increases structural diversity and implies a relatively lower cost. Further, our results show that a re-orientation from old to young forests would imply savings while offering a more extensive reserve network with high structural qualities in the future. However, caution must be raised against a drastic reorientation of the current old-forest strategy since remnants of ancient forests will need to be prioritized due to their role for disturbance-sensitive species

    Reorientation to more health promotion in health services – a study of barriers and possibilities from the perspective of health professionals

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    Aim: The objective of this study is to analyze the commitment to a more health-promoting health service and to illuminate important barriers for having a health-promoting role in daily practice, among Swedish health care professionals. Material and method: Out of a total of 3751 health professionals who are working daytime in clinical practice in the province of VĂ€sterbotten, 1810 were invited to participate in a survey. The health professionals represented eight different occupational groups: counselors, dieticians, midwives, nurses, occupational therapists, physical therapists, psychologists, and physicians. A questionnaire that operationalized perceptions found in a previous qualitative study was mailed to residential addresses of the participants. Results: The majority believed that health services play a major role in long-term health development in the population and saw a need for health orientation as a strategy to provide more effective health care. Willingness to work more in health promotion and disease prevention was reported significantly more often by women than men, and by primary health care personnel compared to hospital personnel. Among the professional groups, psychologists, occupational therapists, and physiotherapists most frequently reported willingness. The most common barriers to health promotion roles in daily practice were reported to be heavy workload, lack of guidelines, and unclear objectives. Conclusions: This study found strong support for reorientation of health services in the incorporation of a greater health promotion. A number of professions that are not usually associated with health promotion practices are knowledgeable and wish to focus more on health promotion and disease prevention. Management has a major role in creating opportunities for these professionals to participate in health promotion practices. Men and physicians reported less positive attitudes to a more health-promoting health service and often possess high positions of power. Therefore, they may play an important role in the process of change toward more health promotion in health services.Originally included in thesis in manuskript form with title: Re-orientation to more health promotion in health services - a study of barriers and possibilities from the perspective of health professionals</p

    Local Destabilization of the Metal-Binding Region in Human Copper−Zinc Superoxide Dismutase by Remote Mutations Is a Possible Determinant for Progression of ALS

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    More than 100 distinct mutations in the gene CuZnSOD encoding human copper–zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD) have been associated with familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (fALS), a fatal neuronal disease. Many studies of different mutant proteins have found effects on protein stability, catalytic activity, and metal binding, but without a common pattern. Notably, these studies were often performed under conditions far from physiological. Here, we have used experimental conditions of pH 7 and 37 °C and at an ionic strength of 0.2 M to mimic physiological conditions as close as possible in a sample of pure protein. Thus, by using NMR spectroscopy, we have analyzed amide hydrogen exchange of the fALS-associated I113T CuZnSOD variant in its fully metalated state, both at 25 and 37 °C, where ^(15)N relaxation data, as expected, reveals that CuZnSOD I113T exists as a dimer under these conditions. The local dynamics at 82% of all residues have been analyzed in detail. When compared to the wild-type protein, it was found that I113T CuZnSOD is particularly destabilized locally at the ion binding sites of loop 4, the zinc binding loop, which results in frequent exposure of the aggregation prone outer ÎČ-strands I and VI of the ÎČ-barrel, possibly enabling fibril or aggregate formation. A similar study (Museth, A. K., et al. (2009) Biochemistry, 48, 8817–8829) of amide hydrogen exchange at pH 7 and 25 °C on the G93A variant also revealed a selective destabilization of the zinc binding loop. Thus, a possible scenario in ALS is that elevated local dynamics at the metal binding region can result in toxic species from formation of new interactions at local ÎČ-strands

    Proceedings of the 9th international symposium on veterinary rehabilitation and physical therapy

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    Skyddsombudet och Arbetsmiljön - Är det av betydelse för organisationen att skapa ett attraktivt arbetsklimat för skyddsombuden?

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    Temat för uppsatsen Àr skyddsombudens situation pÄ arbetsplatsen. Syftet med studien har varit att undersöka ombudens situation i relation till arbetsgivare, arbetskamrater men Àven ombudens möjligheter till pÄverkan. Uppsatsen har fokuserat pÄ intervjupersonernas egna upplevelser. Metoden har varit kvalitativ med personliga intervjuer efter ett semistrukturerat frÄgeformulÀr. I teoriavsnittet har jag anvÀnt en socialpsykologisk utgÄngspunkt. I samband med skyddsombudsuppdraget tillkommer nya förvÀntningar pÄ individen och dÀrmed en ny roll i gruppen. Förutom det positiva i att kÀnna sig utvald och mÄnga gÄnger fÄ en ledande position kan ombudet hamna i konflikt bÄde med arbetsgivare och kamrater. Skyddsombudets uppgift Àr att medverka till en förbÀttrad arbetsmiljö för de anstÀllda. Detta kan leda till problem med arbetsgivaren eftersom dessa ÄtgÀrder ofta innebÀr en kostnad för denne. Konflikten med arbetskamraterna kan bero pÄ den förÀndrade rollen men Àven uppstÄ i samband med att förÀndringar ska genomföras. Resultatet frÄn mina intervjuer bekrÀftade tidigare studier som visar pÄ vÀsentligen större svÄrigheter för skyddsombud pÄ smÄ företag. De intervjuade framhÀvde att de upplever uppdraget som svÄrt och mÄnga gÄnger konfliktartat med varierande möjligheter till pÄverkan och samverkan med företagsledningen. Analysen visar att skyddsombudsrollen Àr svÄr vilket till stor del beror pÄ faktorer i omgivningen. Brist pÄ kunskap i arbetsmiljöfrÄgor Àr markant bÄde hos företagsledning och anstÀllda vilket leder till att ombudet inte fÄr tillrÀckligt med respons i sitt arbete. Det krÀvs utbildningsinsatser pÄ alla nivÄer i samhÀllet i arbetsmiljöfrÄgor samt ökat stöd för ombuden

    "LÀraren pÄ grundskolan Àr 'the number one' för mig!" : En kvalitativ studie om hur stadieövergÄngen frÄn grundskolan till gymnasiet samt undervisning och stöd i matematik upplevs och fungerar för elever med diagnosen ADHD

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    Syftet med denna undersökning var frÀmst att beskriva hur stadieövergÄngen mellan grundskolan och gymnasiet upplevs av elever med diagnosen ADHD. Studien syftade ocksÄ till att skildra elevers upplevelser av undervisning och stödinsatser i matematik i Ärskurs nio och pÄ gymnasiet. Dessutom var avsikten att ta del av matematiklÀrares erfarenheter av hur stadieövergÄngen och matematikundervisningen fungerar för elever med ADHD. Undersökningen genomfördes med hjÀlp av kvalitativa intervjuer med elever och lÀrare och deltagande observationer pÄ en gymnasieskola i mellersta Norrland. Mitt arbete tog sin utgÄngspunkt ur en hermeneutisk-fenomenologisk ansats, dÄ intentionen var att ta del av informanternas upplevelser och erfarenheter kring problemomrÄdet, samt att jag till viss del gjorde tolkningar utifrÄn min egen förförstÄelse. Resultatet visar att elevernas erfarenheter av specialpedagogiska insatser i matematikundervisningen pÄverkar elevernas instÀllning till fortsatt stöd pÄ gymnasiet. Deras upplevelse av tidigare stödinsatser skapades till stor del utifrÄn elevernas kÀnsla av inkludering samt lÀrarens pedagogiska och didaktiska kompentens. De flesta elever beskriver stadieövergÄngen som en chans till nystart, men de upplevde en oro inför att lÀsa matematikkursen, Ma1. Studien visar Àven att vissa stödinsatser förekom i högre utstrÀckning i grundskolan Àn pÄ gymnasiet, och att undervisningsgrupperna i matematik var större pÄ gymnasiet. LÀrarna anser att de pedagogiska överlÀmningshandlingarna frÄn grundskolan ofta var vaga och saknade relevant information. Dessutom upplevde gymnasielÀrarna att de inte fÄr det gehör som de önskar frÄn rektorer nÀr det gÀller elevernas behov av specialpedagogiska insatser

    "LÀraren pÄ grundskolan Àr 'the number one' för mig!" : En kvalitativ studie om hur stadieövergÄngen frÄn grundskolan till gymnasiet samt undervisning och stöd i matematik upplevs och fungerar för elever med diagnosen ADHD

    No full text
    Syftet med denna undersökning var frÀmst att beskriva hur stadieövergÄngen mellan grundskolan och gymnasiet upplevs av elever med diagnosen ADHD. Studien syftade ocksÄ till att skildra elevers upplevelser av undervisning och stödinsatser i matematik i Ärskurs nio och pÄ gymnasiet. Dessutom var avsikten att ta del av matematiklÀrares erfarenheter av hur stadieövergÄngen och matematikundervisningen fungerar för elever med ADHD. Undersökningen genomfördes med hjÀlp av kvalitativa intervjuer med elever och lÀrare och deltagande observationer pÄ en gymnasieskola i mellersta Norrland. Mitt arbete tog sin utgÄngspunkt ur en hermeneutisk-fenomenologisk ansats, dÄ intentionen var att ta del av informanternas upplevelser och erfarenheter kring problemomrÄdet, samt att jag till viss del gjorde tolkningar utifrÄn min egen förförstÄelse. Resultatet visar att elevernas erfarenheter av specialpedagogiska insatser i matematikundervisningen pÄverkar elevernas instÀllning till fortsatt stöd pÄ gymnasiet. Deras upplevelse av tidigare stödinsatser skapades till stor del utifrÄn elevernas kÀnsla av inkludering samt lÀrarens pedagogiska och didaktiska kompentens. De flesta elever beskriver stadieövergÄngen som en chans till nystart, men de upplevde en oro inför att lÀsa matematikkursen, Ma1. Studien visar Àven att vissa stödinsatser förekom i högre utstrÀckning i grundskolan Àn pÄ gymnasiet, och att undervisningsgrupperna i matematik var större pÄ gymnasiet. LÀrarna anser att de pedagogiska överlÀmningshandlingarna frÄn grundskolan ofta var vaga och saknade relevant information. Dessutom upplevde gymnasielÀrarna att de inte fÄr det gehör som de önskar frÄn rektorer nÀr det gÀller elevernas behov av specialpedagogiska insatser
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