PREDICTIVE MODELING OF Mimosa tenuiflora (WILLD) POIRET: HOW CAN CLIMATE CHANGE AFFECT ITS POTENTIAL DISTRIBUTION RANGE?

Studies that characterize the effects of climatic factors on the geographic distribution of arboreal individuals are of fundamental importance, especially for widely exploited species of wood potential, such as Mimosa tenuiflora (Willd) Poiret (jurema-preta). In this sense, the objective of this work was to predict the climatically adequate areas for the occurrence of Mimosa tenuiflora, present (1960-1990) and future (2070). We used the Maxent algorithm to relate the occurrence records of the species to the climatic variables. For the year 2070, we test two scenarios and three general atmospheric circulation models, HadGEM2-ES, GISS-E2-R and MIROC-ESM. Modeling for the present presented an AUC index (area under the curve) of 0.94 (± 0.02), indicating a good fit of the model used. For the future scenario, the AUC value ranged from 0.88 to 0.89 and 0.87 to 0.88 for the optimistic and pessimistic scenarios, respectively. The highest percentage of contribution was to the annual precipitation variable. The areas of adequacy occupied the states of Ceará and Rio Grande do Norte in higher intensity and almost all of them. When compared to the present, the geographic territory with high suitability for the future presented a reduction from 28.7% to 53.7% in the optimistic scenario and 30.9% to 59.4% in the pessimistic scenario. The information obtained can be used as a subsidy for the establishment of commercial plantations, the definition of management and conservation strategies, and the creation of an in situ conservation bank for Mimosa tenuiflora species

EFFECT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON THE DEMOGRAPHICS OF CURITIBA PRISMATICA (D. LEGRAND) SALYWON & LANDRUM: AN ENDEMIC ARAUCARIA FOREST SPECIES

With the occurrence of intensive climate change, there is a risk of irreversible damage to global biodiversity, resulting in reduction of geographical distribution and species extinction. The objective of this study was to evaluate the current distribution and the future projection of the areas of occurrence of Curitiba prismatica. Current occurrence data accessed in the SpeciesLink database and scientific studies were collected, which were correlated with the bioclimatic data available in WorldClim, for the current and future periods (2070), in the optimistic (RCP 4.5) and pessimistic scenarios (RCP 8.5) of the HadGEM2-ES model. In the current scenario, a species presents suitability restricted to mixed ombrophilous forest (MOF), with limited distribution to the center-south of the state of Paraná and the north of the state of Santa Catarina. For the future, there were reductions in the areas of climatic susceptibility for the species, both in the optimistic and pessimistic scenarios. In the RCP 4.5 scenario, the predictive reduction was found in the midwest region of Paraná, unlike the RCP 8.5 scenario, which showed a low reduction in this region. Therefore, in the future, areas with high suitability will tend to contract, but restricted to the regions of the first and second plateau of Paraná and the north of Santa Catarina. In this sense, these areas are indicated for commercial planting and in situ and ex situ conservation of the species

Tratamentos térmicos para a superação de dormência em sementes de uma espécie arbórea brasileira

Enterolobium contortisiliquum (Vell.) Morong., known as tamboril, is a promising species in the recovery of degraded areas. However, it presents integument dormancy in its seeds and it is necessary to find methods to overcome it. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the dry heat efficiency on the viability and vigor of E. contortisiliquum seeds, as an alternative and practical method for overcoming dormancy. The experiment was conducted in the house of vegetation of the Specialized Agricultural Sciences Academic Unit of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte. The fruits, obtained from different matrices located in the municipality of Macaíba-RN, were manually processed. The heat treatments obtained through a drying oven during five minutes used: 60 (T1), 80 (T2), and 105ºC (T3), the mechanical scarification (T0) of the seeds were used as a mediating treatment of the efficiency of the others. The emergency, first emergency count, and the emergency speed index were evaluated. Observing the results obtained, the best performance corresponded to the scarified seeds. The thermal treatments in dry heat were not efficient to overcome the dormancy of E. contortisiliquum seeds when compared with the traditional method of mechanical scarification. However, the methodology presents practicality in its execution which can be considered advantageous. Therefore, new studies with different combinations of time and temperature for the species are encouraged.Enterolobium contortisiliquum (Vell.) Morong., known as tamboril, is a promising species in the recovery of degraded areas. However, it presents integument dormancy in its seeds and it is necessary to find methods to overcome it. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the dry heat efficiency on the viability and vigor of E. contortisiliquum seeds, as an alternative and practical method for overcoming dormancy. The experiment was conducted in the house of vegetation of the Specialized Agricultural Sciences Academic Unit of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte. The fruits, obtained from different matrices located in the municipality of Macaíba-RN, were manually processed. The heat treatments obtained through a drying oven during five minutes used: 60 (T1), 80 (T2), and 105ºC (T3), the mechanical scarification (T0) of the seeds were used as a mediating treatment of the efficiency of the others. The emergency, first emergency count, and the emergency speed index were evaluated. Observing the results obtained, the best performance corresponded to the scarified seeds. The thermal treatments in dry heat were not efficient to overcome the dormancy of E. contortisiliquum seeds when compared with the traditional method of mechanical scarification. However, the methodology presents practicality in its execution which can be considered advantageous. Therefore, new studies with different combinations of time and temperature for the species are encouraged

SELEÇÃO DE ESPÉCIES PARA REVEGETAÇÃO DE ÁREA DEGRADADA POR EXPLORAÇÃO DE AREIA

A indústria mineradora, apesar de sua importância econômica é considerada como uma atividade causadora de degradação ambiental, necessitando, quase sempre, da introdução de espécies vegetais para recomposição das áreas exploradas. Desse modo, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o comportamento de Tabebuia aurea (Silva Manso) Benth. & Hook. f ex S. Moore, Anacardium occidentale L., Inga vera Willd., Annona squamosa L., Paubrasilia echinata (Lam.) Gagnon, H. C. Lima & G. P. Lewis, Handroanthus impetiginosus (Mart. ex D. C.) Mattos, Psidium guajava L., e Malpighiae emarginata D. C. 17 meses após o plantio, em uma área no município de Macaíba-RN, onde houve exploração de areia, usando como parâmetro de análise a sobrevivência, a altura e o diâmetro da base. Nas covas foi aplicado 2 L de adubo orgânico e 120 g de NPK, tendo sido realizado combate as formigas e irrigação nos dois primeiros meses. As espécies I. vera, T. aurea e A. squamosa obtiveram os maiores valores de altura enquanto em relação ao diâmetro se destacaram T. aurea, I. vera e H. impetiginosus. O índice médio de sobrevivência do plantio atingiu 67,40%, se destacando H. impetiginosus e P. echinata com 100% de plantas vivas, enquanto A. squamosa e P. guajava apresentaram as maiores mortalidades, com 19% e 20%, respectivamente. Assim, as espécies H. impetiginosus, P. echinata, I. vera e T. aurea foram as que melhor se adaptaram ao ambiente degradado da área estudada e tem potencial para serem utilizadas na recomposição de áreas degradadas por exploração mineral.&nbsp

INFLAMABILIDADE DE ESPÉCIES ARBÓREAS PARA UTILIZAÇÃO EM CORTINAS DE SEGURANÇA NA INTERFACE URBANO-RURAL

Os incêndios florestais representam um perigo constante ao bem-estar humano. Uma técnica de atenuar e prevenir os danos causados por incêndios é o uso de cortinas de segurança em áreas de interface urbano-rural. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a potencialidade das espécies Eugenia uniflora L. (pitangueira), Lafoensia pacari Saint-Hilaire (dedaleiro), Leucaena leucocephala Lam. (leucena) e Persea americana Mill. (Abacateiro), para atuar na silvicultura preventiva por meio de avaliação de traços funcionais e teste de inflamabilidade laboratorial. Avaliando os atributos funcionais, cada espécie foi classificada quanto ao seu potencial para a composição de cortinas de segurança, pela avaliação de fatores positivos a resistência ao fogo. Para o teste de inflamabilidade, realizou-se a queima controlada em um epirradiador, na qual foi utilizado material vegetal fino maduro recém coletado, sendo determinado: tempo de ignição, duração da combustão, altura de chama e frequência de ignição. Após as avaliações, foi observado que há indícios de relação direta entre os valores encontrados de inflamabilidade e as características morfológicas foliares. Constatou-se que as espécies P. americana e E. uniflora apresentam maior aptidão para compor cortinas de segurança

INFLAMABILIDADE DE ESPÉCIES ARBÓREAS PARA UTILIZAÇÃO EM CORTINAS DE SEGURANÇA NA INTERFACE URBANO-RURAL

Os incêndios florestais representam um perigo constante ao bem-estar humano. Uma técnica de atenuar e prevenir os danos causados por incêndios é o uso de cortinas de segurança em áreas de interface urbano-rural. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a potencialidade das espécies Eugenia uniflora L. (pitangueira), Lafoensia pacari Saint-Hilaire (dedaleiro), Leucaena leucocephala Lam. (leucena) e Persea americana Mill. (Abacateiro), para atuar na silvicultura preventiva por meio de avaliação de traços funcionais e teste de inflamabilidade laboratorial. Avaliando os atributos funcionais, cada espécie foi classificada quanto ao seu potencial para a composição de cortinas de segurança, pela avaliação de fatores positivos a resistência ao fogo. Para o teste de inflamabilidade, realizou-se a queima controlada em um epirradiador, na qual foi utilizado material vegetal fino maduro recém coletado, sendo determinado: tempo de ignição, duração da combustão, altura de chama e frequência de ignição. Após as avaliações, foi observado que há indícios de relação direta entre os valores encontrados de inflamabilidade e as características morfológicas foliares. Constatou-se que as espécies P. americana e E. uniflora apresentam maior aptidão para compor cortinas de segurança

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio