Hairpin-Wicklungen für elektrische Fahrantriebe

Dieser Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit den zunehmend Verbreitung findenden Hairpin-Wicklungen unter den besonderen Randbedingungen elektrischer Fahrantriebe. Dabei wird bewusst auf den in der Literatur bekannten Vergleich zu konventionellen Wicklungen hinsichtlich Nutfüllfaktor und Kühlanbindung verzichtet. Stattdessen konzentriert sich der Beitrag zunächst auf die Stromverdrängung, ihre Abhängigkeiten sowie Möglichkeiten zur Reduzierung des Effekts, wobei ausschließlich Maßnahmen vorgestellt werden, die zum Stand der Technik großserientauglich sind. Darüber hinaus werden Potentiale im Layout der Spulenseiten und Wickelköpfe aufgezeigt, die weit über die Optionen von aus Endlosdraht hergestellten Wicklungen hinausgehen.This paper examines the increasingly popular hairpin windings under the dedicated boundary conditions of electrical drivetrains. A comparison to conventional windings regarding slot filling and cooling link will consciously be omitted since it is well known from literature. Instead, the paper concentrates on current displacement, its dependencies and possibilities for its reduction – with only measures being considered that state-of-the-art are suitable for mass-production. Furthermore, potentials in the layout of coil sides and end-windings are shown, which are far beyond the options of windings manufactured from continuous wire

Learning Analytics in Hochschulen und Künstliche Intelligenz. Eine Übersicht über Einsatzmöglichkeiten, erste Erfahrungen und Entwicklungen von KI-Anwendungen zur Unterstützung des Lernens und Lehrens

»Learning Analytics« ist die Interpretation von Daten, um individuelle Lernprozesse gezielt zu verbessern (Ebner et al., 2013; Greller & Drachsler, 2012). Learning-Analytics-Anwendungen geben dabei Empfehlungen, damit Lernende ihr Lernverhalten oder Lehrende das didaktische Setting bzw. die Lehr- und Lernsituation verbessern können. Der Beitrag führt zunächst in Learning Analytics in der Hochschulbildung ein, um dann auf Einsätze von Künstlicher Intelligenz (KI) in der Hochschule überzuführen und Überschneidungen zu identifizieren. Dabei werden vier internationale Beispiele im Themenfeld referiert und vorgestellt (Literatur-/Projektrecherche). Der Beitrag schließt mit einem Ausblick auf Potentiale und Herausforderungen für KI für Learning Analytics in Hochschulen (u.a. Buckingham Shum & Luckin, 2019). (DIPF/Orig.)»Learning analytics« is the interpretation of data in order to improve individual learning processes in a targeted manner (Ebner et al., 2013; Greller & Drachsler, 2012). Learning analytics applications provide recommendations so that learners can improve their learning behaviour or teachers can improve the teaching and learning situation and setting. The article first introduces learning analytics in higher education, then moves on to the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in higher education and identifies overlaps. Four international examples in the field are presented (literature/project research). The article concludes with an outlook on potentials and challenges for AI for learning analytics in higher education (e. g. Buckingham Shum & Luckin, 2019). (DIPF/Orig.

Multidifferential study of identified charged hadron distributions in ZZ-tagged jets in proton-proton collisions at s=\sqrt{s}=13 TeV

Jet fragmentation functions are measured for the first time in proton-proton collisions for charged pions, kaons, and protons within jets recoiling against a $Z$ boson. The charged-hadron distributions are studied longitudinally and transversely to the jet direction for jets with transverse momentum 20 $< p_{\textrm{T}} < 100$ GeV and in the pseudorapidity range $2.5 < \eta < 4$. The data sample was collected with the LHCb experiment at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.64 fb$^{-1}$. Triple differential distributions as a function of the hadron longitudinal momentum fraction, hadron transverse momentum, and jet transverse momentum are also measured for the first time. This helps constrain transverse-momentum-dependent fragmentation functions. Differences in the shapes and magnitudes of the measured distributions for the different hadron species provide insights into the hadronization process for jets predominantly initiated by light quarks.Comment: All figures and tables, along with machine-readable versions and any supplementary material and additional information, are available at https://cern.ch/lhcbproject/Publications/p/LHCb-PAPER-2022-013.html (LHCb public pages

Study of the B−→Λc+Λˉc−K−B^{-} \to \Lambda_{c}^{+} \bar{\Lambda}_{c}^{-} K^{-} decay

The decay $B^{-} \to \Lambda_{c}^{+} \bar{\Lambda}_{c}^{-} K^{-}$ is studied in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5 $\mathrm{fb}^{-1}$ collected by the LHCb experiment. In the $\Lambda_{c}^+ K^{-}$ system, the $\Xi_{c}(2930)^{0}$ state observed at the BaBar and Belle experiments is resolved into two narrower states, $\Xi_{c}(2923)^{0}$ and $\Xi_{c}(2939)^{0}$, whose masses and widths are measured to be $$m(\Xi_{c}(2923)^{0}) = 2924.5 \pm 0.4 \pm 1.1 \,\mathrm{MeV}, \\ m(\Xi_{c}(2939)^{0}) = 2938.5 \pm 0.9 \pm 2.3 \,\mathrm{MeV}, \\ \Gamma(\Xi_{c}(2923)^{0}) = \phantom{000}4.8 \pm 0.9 \pm 1.5 \,\mathrm{MeV},\\ \Gamma(\Xi_{c}(2939)^{0}) = \phantom{00}11.0 \pm 1.9 \pm 7.5 \,\mathrm{MeV},$$ where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second systematic. The results are consistent with a previous LHCb measurement using a prompt $\Lambda_{c}^{+} K^{-}$ sample. Evidence of a new $\Xi_{c}(2880)^{0}$ state is found with a local significance of $3.8\,\sigma$, whose mass and width are measured to be $2881.8 \pm 3.1 \pm 8.5\,\mathrm{MeV}$ and $12.4 \pm 5.3 \pm 5.8 \,\mathrm{MeV}$, respectively. In addition, evidence of a new decay mode $\Xi_{c}(2790)^{0} \to \Lambda_{c}^{+} K^{-}$ is found with a significance of $3.7\,\sigma$. The relative branching fraction of $B^{-} \to \Lambda_{c}^{+} \bar{\Lambda}_{c}^{-} K^{-}$ with respect to the $B^{-} \to D^{+} D^{-} K^{-}$ decay is measured to be $2.36 \pm 0.11 \pm 0.22 \pm 0.25$, where the first uncertainty is statistical, the second systematic and the third originates from the branching fractions of charm hadron decays.Comment: All figures and tables, along with any supplementary material and additional information, are available at https://cern.ch/lhcbproject/Publications/p/LHCb-PAPER-2022-028.html (LHCb public pages

Measurement of the ratios of branching fractions R(D∗)\mathcal{R}(D^{*}) and R(D0)\mathcal{R}(D^{0})

The ratios of branching fractions $\mathcal{R}(D^{*})\equiv\mathcal{B}(\bar{B}\to D^{*}\tau^{-}\bar{\nu}_{\tau})/\mathcal{B}(\bar{B}\to D^{*}\mu^{-}\bar{\nu}_{\mu})$ and $\mathcal{R}(D^{0})\equiv\mathcal{B}(B^{-}\to D^{0}\tau^{-}\bar{\nu}_{\tau})/\mathcal{B}(B^{-}\to D^{0}\mu^{-}\bar{\nu}_{\mu})$ are measured, assuming isospin symmetry, using a sample of proton-proton collision data corresponding to 3.0 fb${ }^{-1}$ of integrated luminosity recorded by the LHCb experiment during 2011 and 2012. The tau lepton is identified in the decay mode $\tau^{-}\to\mu^{-}\nu_{\tau}\bar{\nu}_{\mu}$. The measured values are $\mathcal{R}(D^{*})=0.281\pm0.018\pm0.024$ and $\mathcal{R}(D^{0})=0.441\pm0.060\pm0.066$, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic. The correlation between these measurements is $\rho=-0.43$. Results are consistent with the current average of these quantities and are at a combined 1.9 standard deviations from the predictions based on lepton flavor universality in the Standard Model.Comment: All figures and tables, along with any supplementary material and additional information, are available at https://cern.ch/lhcbproject/Publications/p/LHCb-PAPER-2022-039.html (LHCb public pages

Hairpin-Wicklungen für elektrische Fahrantriebe

Dieser Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit den zunehmend Verbreitung findenden Hairpin-Wicklungen unter den besonderen Randbedingungen elektrischer Fahrantriebe. Dabei wird bewusst auf den in der Literatur bekannten Vergleich zu konventionellen Wicklungen hinsichtlich Nutfüllfaktor und Kühlanbindung verzichtet. Stattdessen konzentriert sich der Beitrag zunächst auf die Stromverdrängung, ihre Abhängigkeiten sowie Möglichkeiten zur Reduzierung des Effekts, wobei ausschließlich Maßnahmen vorgestellt werden, die zum Stand der Technik großserientauglich sind. Darüber hinaus werden Potentiale im Layout der Spulenseiten und Wickelköpfe aufgezeigt, die weit über die Optionen von aus Endlosdraht hergestellten Wicklungen hinausgehen.This paper examines the increasingly popular hairpin windings under the dedicated boundary conditions of electrical drivetrains. A comparison to conventional windings regarding slot filling and cooling link will consciously be omitted since it is well known from literature. Instead, the paper concentrates on current displacement, its dependencies and possibilities for its reduction – with only measures being considered that state-of-the-art are suitable for mass-production. Furthermore, potentials in the layout of coil sides and end-windings are shown, which are far beyond the options of windings manufactured from continuous wire

Hairpin-Wicklungen für elektrische Fahrantriebe

Dieser Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit den zunehmend Verbreitung findenden Hairpin-Wicklungen unter den besonderen Randbedingungen elektrischer Fahrantriebe. Dabei wird bewusst auf den in der Literatur bekannten Vergleich zu konventionellen Wicklungen hinsichtlich Nutfüllfaktor und Kühlanbindung verzichtet. Stattdessen konzentriert sich der Beitrag zunächst auf die Stromverdrängung, ihre Abhängigkeiten sowie Möglichkeiten zur Reduzierung des Effekts, wobei ausschließlich Maßnahmen vorgestellt werden, die zum Stand der Technik großserientauglich sind. Darüber hinaus werden Potentiale im Layout der Spulenseiten und Wickelköpfe aufgezeigt, die weit über die Optionen von aus Endlosdraht hergestellten Wicklungen hinausgehen.This paper examines the increasingly popular hairpin windings under the dedicated boundary conditions of electrical drivetrains. A comparison to conventional windings regarding slot filling and cooling link will consciously be omitted since it is well known from literature. Instead, the paper concentrates on current displacement, its dependencies and possibilities for its reduction – with only measures being considered that state-of-the-art are suitable for mass-production. Furthermore, potentials in the layout of coil sides and end-windings are shown, which are far beyond the options of windings manufactured from continuous wire

Topographia Metrica Misniae Compendiosae, Lipsiae, emporii qua magnificentissimi qua opulentissimi Viris Magnificis, Nobilissimis, Excellentissimis Iuxta Et Consultissimis Dn. Christophoro Pinckero, ... Dn. Friderico Kuhlewein ... Tum Etiam Magnificentia ... Dn. Johanni Philippi ... Dn. Paulo Wagnero ... Dn. Philippo Jacobo Lindnero ... et ... Dn. Quirino Schachero ... Dn. Jacobo Meuero ... Dn. Sebastiano Oheim ... Dn. Marco Scipioni ... Dn. Wolffgango Peilickio ... Dn. Johanni Seidelio ... Dn. Sigismundo Finckelthusio ... Dn. Heinrico Gramano ... dedicata a Jeremia Wittichio ...

TOPOGRAPHIA METRICA MISNIAE COMPENDIOSAE, LIPSIAE, EMPORII QUA MAGNIFICENTISSIMI QUA OPULENTISSIMI VIRIS MAGNIFICIS, NOBILISSIMIS, EXCELLENTISSIMIS IUXTA ET CONSULTISSIMIS DN. CHRISTOPHORO PINCKERO, ... DN. FRIDERICO KUHLEWEIN ... TUM ETIAM MAGNIFICENTIA ... DN. JOHANNI PHILIPPI ... DN. PAULO WAGNERO ... DN. PHILIPPO JACOBO LINDNERO ... ET ... DN. QUIRINO SCHACHERO ... DN. JACOBO MEUERO ... DN. SEBASTIANO OHEIM ... DN. MARCO SCIPIONI ... DN. WOLFFGANGO PEILICKIO ... DN. JOHANNI SEIDELIO ... DN. SIGISMUNDO FINCKELTHUSIO ... DN. HEINRICO GRAMANO ... DEDICATA A JEREMIA WITTICHIO ... Topographia Metrica Misniae Compendiosae, Lipsiae, emporii qua magnificentissimi qua opulentissimi Viris Magnificis, Nobilissimis, Excellentissimis Iuxta Et Consultissimis Dn. Christophoro Pinckero, ... Dn. Friderico Kuhlewein ... Tum Etiam Magnificentia ... Dn. Johanni Philippi ... Dn. Paulo Wagnero ... Dn. Philippo Jacobo Lindnero ... et ... Dn. Quirino Schachero ... Dn. Jacobo Meuero ... Dn. Sebastiano Oheim ... Dn. Marco Scipioni ... Dn. Wolffgango Peilickio ... Dn. Johanni Seidelio ... Dn. Sigismundo Finckelthusio ... Dn. Heinrico Gramano ... dedicata a Jeremia Wittichio ... ([1]) Titelseite ([1]) Text ([2]

The interplay of viral loads, clinical presentation, and serological responses in SARS-CoV-2 – Results from a prospective cohort of outpatient COVID-19 cases

Puchinger K, Castelletti N, Rubio-Acero R, et al. The interplay of viral loads, clinical presentation, and serological responses in SARS-CoV-2 – Results from a prospective cohort of outpatient COVID-19 cases. Virology. 2022;569:37-43

The representative COVID-19 cohort Munich (KoCo19): from the beginning of the pandemic to the Delta virus variant

Le Gleut R, Plank M, Pütz P, et al. The representative COVID-19 cohort Munich (KoCo19): from the beginning of the pandemic to the Delta virus variant. BMC Infectious Diseases. 2023;23(1): 466.**Background** Population-based serological studies allow to estimate prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infections despite a substantial number of mild or asymptomatic disease courses. This became even more relevant for decision making after vaccination started. The KoCo19 cohort tracks the pandemic progress in the Munich general population for over two years, setting it apart in Europe. **Methods** Recruitment occurred during the initial pandemic wave, including 5313 participants above 13 years from private households in Munich. Four follow-ups were held at crucial times of the pandemic, with response rates of at least 70%. Participants filled questionnaires on socio-demographics and potential risk factors of infection. From Follow-up 2, information on SARS-CoV-2 vaccination was added. SARS-CoV-2 antibody status was measured using the Roche Elecsys® Anti-SARS-CoV-2 anti-N assay (indicating previous infection) and the Roche Elecsys® Anti-SARS-CoV-2 anti-S assay (indicating previous infection and/or vaccination). This allowed us to distinguish between sources of acquired antibodies. **Results** The SARS-CoV-2 estimated cumulative sero-prevalence increased from 1.6% (1.1-2.1%) in May 2020 to 14.5% (12.7-16.2%) in November 2021. Underreporting with respect to official numbers fluctuated with testing policies and capacities, becoming a factor of more than two during the second half of 2021. Simultaneously, the vaccination campaign against the SARS-CoV-2 virus increased the percentage of the Munich population having antibodies, with 86.8% (85.5-87.9%) having developed anti-S and/or anti-N in November 2021. Incidence rates for infections after (BTI) and without previous vaccination (INS) differed (ratio INS/BTI of 2.1, 0.7-3.6). However, the prevalence of infections was higher in the non-vaccinated population than in the vaccinated one. Considering the whole follow-up time, being born outside Germany, working in a high-risk job and living area per inhabitant were identified as risk factors for infection, while other socio-demographic and health-related variables were not. Although we obtained significant within-household clustering of SARS-CoV-2 cases, no further geospatial clustering was found. **Conclusions** Vaccination increased the coverage of the Munich population presenting SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, but breakthrough infections contribute to community spread. As underreporting stays relevant over time, infections can go undetected, so non-pharmaceutical measures are crucial, particularly for highly contagious strains like Omicron