Leadership When It Matters Most Lessons on Influence from In Extremis Contexts

None of us would study or read about leadership if we did not think that leadership is important to people. Assuming that leadership is, indeed, important to people, it then follows that it is most important when people\u27s lives are at risk. This chapter is a discussion of the most important niche in leadership thinking and analysisleader influence in dangerous contexts. There is social benefit to such a discussion. When one adds up the publicly released figures for numbers of active duty military personnel, law enforcement officers, and firefighters-all people who live and work in dangerous contexts-the total is in the millions. Adding mountain climbers, skydivers, and other extreme sports enthusiasts to the list swells this figure. Not to be overlooked are ordinary individuals suddenly and unexpectedly thrust into a dangerous circumstance (for example, shootings, floods, mine disasters, airline incidents) where leadership matters or could have mattered. Dangerous contexts are ubiquitous, and leadership during them can make a difference

Applying Attachment Theory and the Wounded Healer Hypothesis to Clinical Psychology and Mental Health Counseling Graduate Students

The personal characteristics of the therapist are strongly associated with therapeutic alliance and treatment outcome. Since treatment techniques are often shown to be equally effective, differential outcomes may be attributed to the therapist\u27s early experiences and personality features. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of childhood relational trauma in predicting specific components of mentalizing skills (i.e., affect consciousness, psychological mindedness, mindfulness, cognitive empathy and theory of mind) among therapists. Participants were 121 clinical psychology doctoral and master\u27s in mental health counseling students (20 males, 101 females) aged 22 to 53 years old (M = 27.26, SD = 5.25). Measures included the Child Abuse and Trauma Scale (CATS), Kentucky Inventory of Mindfulness Skills (KIMS), Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS), Psychological Mindedness Scale (PMS), Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test-revised (RMET), Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI-PT/IRI-EC), Relationship Structures Questionnaire (RSQ) and a questionnaire assessing demographic information, graduate training and interests, personal therapy, objective childhood familial trauma and adult and peer support. Linear regression and hierarchical multiple linear regression analyses (HMLR) were conducted to assess the relationship between childhood relational trauma (CATS) and the various components of mentalization. HMLR was also used to determine whether relational style (anxious/avoidance) as measured through the RSQ moderated between childhood relational trauma and the mentalizing components. Finally, emotional empathy (IRI-EC) was examined as a potential mediator between childhood relational trauma and the mentalizing components using Andrew Hayes\u27 SPSS macro. Post hoc analysis explored associations between the mentalization variables and demographic questionnaire items related to objective childhood familial trauma and support. Results revealed that childhood relational trauma significantly predicted lower levels of affect consciousness, psychological mindedness and mindfulness among therapists. Relational style was not found to be a significant moderator and emotional empathy was not found to be a significant mediator. Growing up with a parent who had a disability or physical illness was significantly associated with higher levels of emotional empathy in therapists. The implications of these results for the training and supervision of graduate level therapists are discussed

The Effects of Social Support and Sensitivity to Ostracism on Smoking Outcomes in College Students

Cigarette smoking is a serious public health concern, and is especially prevalent among college students. Although many college smokers try to quit, few are successful. Both peer smoking status and social support have been correlated with smoking initiation and maintenance, but few studies have investigated relapse. Further, personality-level predictors of relapse have rarely been studied. It is important to examine mechanisms underlying relapse in order to usefully modify and individualize smoking cessation interventions. The present study tested the hypotheses that social support would impact college student relapse rates at one-week follow-up during a self-quit, and that this relationship would be moderated by the trait of sensitivity to ostracism. In a sample of 41 college smokers, only best friend smoking status and frequency of modeling behaviors (e.g. offering quitter a cigarette) were found to predict relapse. Additionally, sensitivity to ostracism predicted how helpful/hindering quitters perceived peer support/criticism to be

Moyo Vol. VII N 1

Durica, Paul. Editor\u27s Letter . 4 Lemke, Angelica. Paxil, Effexor, and Prozac, Oh My! Is Depression Awareness Day Going Too Far? 5. Frey, Randall. Just Be: How to Make Money Without Really Doing Anything . 6. Purks, Robert. 007, Missing The Action. Dalton\u27s Bond Reconsidered . 7. Stine, Alison. Hatching A masterpiece: Jeffery Hatcher Talks of Writing, Melville, Woody Allen, and Denison . 8. Levine, Robert. Dial DU For Murder: Cinema Student Shuffles Off The Mortal Coil, and Finds it an Acquired Taste . 13. Almirall, Sarah. Dial DU For Murder: Cinema Student Shuffles Off The Mortal Coil, and Finds it an Acquired Taste, Photographs . 13. Werne, Kirsten. Back in the Day (Mom and Pop Alums Reflect on the Sixties Social Scene) . 18. Kohlbecker, Matthew. Between a Rock and a Hard Place (A Geological Excursion Into the Wilds of Canada) . 20. Lammont, Jean. Where\u27s Waldon? Comments on the Homestead . 21. Frey, Randall. Me Experimenting with Berry Beer . 25. Frey, Randall. Shoes for Mr. Jordan . 28. Porcheddu, Fred. My Late Adolescence . 30. Combe, Clayton. The Modern Guinea Pig . 31

Derivation and external validation of a clinical prognostic model identifying children at risk of death following presentation for diarrheal care

Diarrhea continues to be a leading cause of death for children under-five. Amongst children treated for acute diarrhea, mortality risk remains elevated during and after acute medical management. Identification of those at highest risk would enable better targeting of interventions, but available prognostic tools lack validation. We used clinical and demographic data from the Global Enteric Multicenter Study (GEMS) to build clinical prognostic models (CPMs) to predict death (in-treatment, after discharge, or either) in children aged ≤59 months presenting with moderate-to-severe diarrhea (MSD), in Africa and Asia. We screened variables using random forests, and assessed predictive performance with random forest regression and logistic regression using repeated cross-validation. We used data from the Kilifi Health and Demographic Surveillance System (KHDSS) and Kilifi County Hospital (KCH) in Kenya to externally validate our GEMS-derived CPM. Of 8060 MSD cases, 43 (0.5%) children died in treatment and 122 (1.5% of remaining) died after discharge. MUAC at presentation, respiratory rate, age, temperature, number of days with diarrhea at presentation, number of people living in household, number of children <60 months old living in household, and how much the child had been offered to drink since diarrhea started were predictive of death both in treatment and after discharge. Using a parsimonious 2-variable prediction model, we achieved an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.84 (95% CI: 0.82, 0.86) in the derivation dataset, and an AUC = 0.74 (95% CI 0.71, 0.77) in the external dataset. Our findings suggest it is possible to identify children most likely to die after presenting to care for acute diarrhea. This could represent a novel and cost-effective way to target resources for the prevention of childhood mortality

Group interventions to improve health outcomes : a framework for their design and delivery

Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Collective Wisdom: An Exploration of Library, Archives and Museum Cultures

The 2016 Collective Wisdom: Library, Archives and Museum (LAM) Conference Exchange program brought together 18 librarians, archivists and museum professionals to form a cohort charged with exploring cross-sector practices and culture with an eye toward increasing interdisciplinary collaborations and continuing education. This white paper presents reflections and provides recommendations based on the cohort experience. Cohort members represented a range of library, archives and museum institutions, academic programs and professional organizations from across the US and the Territory of American Samoa

Alzheimer\u27s Therapeutics Targeting Amyloid Beta 1–42 Oligomers II: Sigma-2/PGRMC1 Receptors Mediate Abeta 42 Oligomer Binding and Synaptotoxicity

Amyloid beta (Abeta) 1-42 oligomers accumulate in brains of patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and disrupt synaptic plasticity processes that underlie memory formation. Synaptic binding of Abeta oligomers to several putative receptor proteins is reported to inhibit long-term potentiation, affect membrane trafficking and induce reversible spine loss in neurons, leading to impaired cognitive performance and ultimately to anterograde amnesia in the early stages of Alzheimer\u27s disease (AD). We have identified a receptor not previously associated with AD that mediates the binding of Abeta oligomers to neurons, and describe novel therapeutic antagonists of this receptor capable of blocking Abeta toxic effects on synapses in vitro and cognitive deficits in vivo. Knockdown of sigma-2/PGRMC1 (progesterone receptor membrane component 1) protein expression in vitro using siRNA results in a highly correlated reduction in binding of exogenous Abeta oligomers to neurons of more than 90%. Expression of sigma-2/PGRMC1 is upregulated in vitro by treatment with Abeta oligomers, and is dysregulated in Alzheimer\u27s disease patients\u27 brain compared to age-matched, normal individuals. Specific, high affinity small molecule receptor antagonists and antibodies raised against specific regions on this receptor can displace synthetic Abeta oligomer binding to synaptic puncta in vitro and displace endogenous human AD patient oligomers from brain tissue sections in a dose-dependent manner. These receptor antagonists prevent and reverse the effects of Abeta oligomers on membrane trafficking and synapse loss in vitro and cognitive deficits in AD mouse models. These findings suggest sigma-2/PGRMC1 receptors mediate saturable oligomer binding to synaptic puncta on neurons and that brain penetrant, small molecules can displace endogenous and synthetic oligomers and improve cognitive deficits in AD models. We propose that sigma-2/PGRMC1 is a key mediator of the pathological effects of Abeta oligomers in AD and is a tractable target for small molecule disease-modifying therapeutics