Septoria-like pathogens causing leaf and fruit spot of pistachio

Several species of Septoria are associated with leaf and fruit spot of pistachio (Pistacia vera), though their identity has always been confused, making identification problematic. The present study elucidates the taxonomy of the Septoria spp. associated with pistachio, and distinguishes four species associated with this host genus. Partial nucleotide sequence data for five gene loci, ITS, LSU, EF-1a, RPB2 and Btub were generated for a subset of isolates. Cylindroseptoria pistaciae, which is associated with leaf spots of Pistacia lentiscus in Spain, is characterised by pycnidial conidiomata that give rise to cylindrical, aseptate conidia. Two species of Septoria s. str. are also recognised on pistachio, S. pistaciarum, and S. pistaciae. The latter is part of the S. protearum species complex, and appears to be a wide host range pathogen occurring on hosts in several different plant families. Septoria pistacina, a major pathogen of pistachio in Turkey, is shown to belong to Pseudocercospora, and not Septoria as earlier suspected. Other than for its pycnidial conidiomata, it is a typical species of Pseudocercospora based on its smooth, pigmented conidiogenous cells and septate conidia. This phenomenon has also been observed in Pallidocercospora, and seriously questions the value of conidiomatal structure at generic level, which has traditionally been used to separate hyphomycetous from coelomycetous ascomycetes. Other than DNA barcodes to facilitate the molecular identification of these taxa occurring on pistachio, a key is also provided to distinguish species based on morphology

Nutrition et grossesse : du marché au bébé...

The incidence of overweight and obesity, but also of infertility, is dramaticallyincreasing all around the world. However, malnutrition can also be defined by a nutritional imbalance such as inappropriate consumption of vitamins, minerals, proteins and lipids. Conse- quences of maternal or paternal malnutrition are not limited to gamete qualitative/quantitativealteration: parental malnutrition may also impact on conceptus development with conse- quences on long-term health of offspring. Maternal environment during periconceptional period may alter structure and or function of many foetal organs. This phenomenon is defined as foetal programming. In adulthood, offspring would be at risk to develop many diseases such as meta- bolic disorders. Maternal nutritional imprinting is a phenomenon known as ‘‘Developmental origins of health and diseases’’ (DOHAD). Paternal imprinting is a recent concept.L’augmentation de la prévalence du surpoids et de l’obésité constitue un problème de santé publique partout dans le monde. La malnutrition se définit aussi par un déséquilibre alimentaire, notamment par une consommation inappropriée en vitamines, minéraux, protéines et lipides. De nombreux hommes et femmes en âge de procréer rencontrent des problèmes de fertilité. Les conséquences d’une malnutrition maternelle ou paternelle ne s’arrêtent pas à l’altération de la qualité des gamètes ; elles ont un impact sur le développement du conceptus, avec des conséquences sur la santé des enfants à long terme. L’environnement maternel pendant la période périconceptionnelle peut modifier la structure et/ou les fonctions de différents organes du fœtus : on parle alors de programmation fœtale. Le fœtus devenu adulte aura alors une susceptibilité à développer certaines pathologies, par exemple des maladies métaboliques. La notion d’empreinte nutritionnelle maternelle est un phénomène connu sous le terme de Developmental origins of health and diseases (DOHAD ou origine développementale des maladies de l’adulte). La notion d’empreinte nutritionnelle paternelle est en train d’émerger

Composition and density stratification observed by supercam in the first 300 sols in Jezero crater

International audienc

Composition and density stratification observed by supercam in the first 300 sols in Jezero crater

International audienc

Composition and density stratification observed by supercam in the first 300 sols in Jezero crater

International audienc

Composition and density stratification observed by supercam in the first 300 sols in Jezero crater

International audienc

Composition and density stratification observed by supercam in the first 300 sols in Jezero crater

International audienc

Composition and density stratification observed by supercam in the first 300 sols in Jezero crater

International audienc