Prevenção da doença invasiva pneumocóccica : intervenção comunitária a grupo de profissionais de saúde

Introdução Nos últimos anos, a vacinação foi um dos grandes avanços no campo da medicina e com esta vieram maiores ganhos em saúde para a população a nível mundial. As vacinas, enquanto fármacos, têm uma importância significativa no campo da prevenção de doenças. Nos países industrializados, a incidência da doença invasiva pneumocócica tem uma variação entre 8 a 34 casos por 100 000 habitantes, sendo mais elevado no grupo etário inferior a dois anos de idade e no grupo com idade superior a cinquenta anos (Costa, et al, 2016). No período de 2000 a 2006, a pneumonia adquirida na comunidade representou 3,7% dos internamentos na população adulta em Portugal (Costa, et al, 2016). Para além da idade, são também fatores de risco para o seu desenvolvimento, a existência de comorbilidades e hábitos tabágicos e alcoólicos. A 23 de maio de 2015, a Direção Geral da Saúde (DGS) divulgou a norma 011/2015 com atualização a 6 de novembro de 2015, referente à vacinação contra infeções por Streptococcus pneumoniae de grupos com risco acrescido para doença invasiva pneumocócica (DIP) com mais de 18 anos de idade. Foi com base nesta norma que o projeto de intervenção comunitária foi desenvolvido numa Unidade de Saúde Pública, tendo como população alvo o grupo de profissionais do ACES. Objetivo Prevenção da doença invasiva pneumocócica num grupo de profissionais de um ACES. Metodologia A fundamentação teórica baseou-se numa revisão bibliográfica com base em pesquisa realizada no Google Académico, na EBSCOhost, PubMed e em manuais de referência sobre a temática. Utilizou-se a metodologia do Planeamento em Saúde para avaliar necessidades, fixar objetivos, programar a intervenção comunitária, executá-la e avaliá-la. O instrumento de recolha de dados aplicado foi um inquérito em formato digital, que visou identificar o número de profissionais que ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 8 poderiam ter indicação para cumprir o esquema de vacinação antipneumocócica. A Educação para a Saúde foi a estratégia escolhida tendo por base, como referencial teórico de enfermagem, o Modelo de Promoção da Saúde de Nola Pender. A amostra foi constituída por 120 trabalhadores que participaram de forma voluntária no estudo. Resultados A aplicação do inquérito eletrónico foi dirigia aos 600 profissionais e foram obtidas 120 respostas, que corresponde a uma amostra de 20% da população. No total de repostas, verificou-se que 28 profissionais apresentavam doença ou condição que se enquadram nas recomendações da vacinação antipneumocócica, porém apenas 4 indivíduos tinham o esquema de vacinação antipneumocócica em dia, o que revela uma baixa adesão. Conclusão Uma ação estruturada, como a educação para a saúde, com apresentação da informação relevante sobre esta temática e, posterior reforço em consulta de saúde ocupacional, contribui para a obtenção de ganhos em saúde e para um compromisso do indivíduo/grupo com o plano de ação. Considerando as competências do enfermeiro especialista de saúde comunitária e, sendo a comunidade ou o grupo o foco da sua área de atuação, a saúde ocupacional obterá ganhos significativos no âmbito da promoção da saúde, com a participação deste profissional.Introduction In recent years, vaccination was one of the greatest advances in the medical field, and with it have come health gains for the population worldwide. Vaccines, like drugs, have significant importance in the field of disease prevention. In industrialized countries, the incidence of the invasive pneumococcal disease has a range of 8 to 34 cases per 100 000 individuals. The incidence is the highest in the individuals within the age group of under two years of age and the group over fifty years of age (Costa, et al, 2016). Between 2000 to 2006, community-acquired pneumonia accounted for 3.7% of hospitalizations in the adult population in Portugal (Costa, et al, 2016). In addition to age, comorbidities and smoking and alcohol habits are also risk factors for its development. On May 23, 2015, the Directorate-General for Health (DGS) published standard 011/2015, updated on November 6, 2015, on the vaccination against Streptococcus pneumoniae infections in groups at increased risk for invasive pneumococcal disease (IID) over 18 years of age. It was based on this standard that the community intervention project was developed in a Public Health Unit, having as target the group of professionals from an ACES. Objective Prevention of the invasive pneumococcal disease in a group of professionals from an ACES. Methodology The theoretical basis was a literature review based on a search conducted in Google Scholar, EBSCOhost, PubMed, and reference manuals on the topic. The Health Planning methodology has been used to assess needs, set goals, program the community intervention, and execute and evaluate it. The data collection instrument applied was a digital survey, which aimed to identify the number of professionals who should comply with the pneumococcal vaccination scheme. Health education was the chosen strategy, based on Nola Pender's Health Promotion Model as a ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 10 nursing theoretical reference. The sample consisted of 120 workers who participated voluntarily in the study. Results The survey applied to 600 professionals got 120 responses, which is 20% of the inquiries. In the total number of responses, 28 professionals had a disease or condition that met the recommendations for the anti-pneumococcal vaccination protocol. Although only 4 individuals had the anti-pneumococcal vaccination plan up to date, indicating low compliance. Conclusion A structured action, such as health education, presented with relevant information on this topic and subsequent reinforcement in occupational hygiene consultations, contributes to health gains and the individual/group commitment to the action plan. Considering the competencies of the community health specialist nurses with the community or group being the focus of their area of expertise, occupational hygiene will obtain significant gains in health promotion with the participation of these professionals

Análise de necessidades de formação contínua dos professores do 1º ciclo : um contributo para o ensino da leitura

Tese de mestrado, Ciências da Educação (Formação de Professores), Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação, 2009.Este trabalho teve como foco privilegiado o estudo das necessidades de formação segundo a perspectiva dos professores de 1º Ciclo relativamente ao processo de ensino/ aprendizagem da leitura. Procurámos apreender o mundo subjectivo das dificuldades vividas, dos desejos e dos interesse de mudança e desenvolvimento, no âmbito das metodologias de iniciação à leitura. Procurámos ainda conhecer as concepções que os professores têm acerca das práticas promotoras da leitura e as representações sobre a formação recebida e desejada nesta área. Desenvolvemos um estudo exploratório, de natureza qualitativa e, como base metodológica de recolha de dados, utilizámos a entrevista semidirectiva que foi realizada a oito professoras do 1º ciclo. A análise dos dados recolhidos permitiu concluir que as professoras, apesar de reconhecerem ter abordado, de forma teórica, a questão dos métodos de iniciação à leitura no decurso da sua formação inicial, não consideram essa formação como factor decisivo da sua opção metodológica de ensino. Na opinião das entrevistadas esta opção decorre de outros factores, entre os quais, a experiência adquirida ao longo da vida. Desta experiência destaca-se a vivida enquanto alunas e enquanto professoras que desenvolveram prática pedagógica em sala de aula. Também fazem referência à influência da socialização com os seus pares e à influência dos diferentes contextos escolares em que trabalharam. O discurso das inquiridas manifesta a necessidade de elaborar e modificar rotinas, utilizar instrumentos e materiais didácticos conhecidos e recriar estratégias, formular procedimentos, tarefas e recursos para o desenvolvimento da competência da leitura. Manifestam interesse em reflectir, a partir de experiências concretas, sobre a realidade da prática lectiva e abrir-se à introdução de mudanças no quotidiano educativo.This study had as objective the analysis of needs for training of eight teachers who teach in the primary teaching course. With this research, sought to know the concepts that teachers have about the practice of promoting the teaching of reading in students of 1st year of school and hear the representations that teachers have the training received and desired in this area. Training needs to be analyzed for emerging concepts on the methodological practices used for the initiation of reading by the respondents in the context of the classroom. We developed the study of qualitative nature and, as a methodological basis for data collection, used the interview semidirective. In order to understand them, the interviews were subjected to content analysis. In analyzing the speech of the respondents, we noted that the initial training of teachers not prepared to implement the methods of reading - generally show a strong gap between theory and practice. This awareness is both symptom and cause of increased training needs at this time of their professionalism. Interviewees refer also to your professional development, the importance of training - including the knowledge and application of methodologies more active and focused on concrete problems of the school the teacher - which may not limited to earn routines and biases of school education, but to analyze, interpret and optimize these routines giving them quality, giving space for reflection, involvement and intervention. Expressly mention the need to develop and modify routines, using tools and materials available and create strategies, formulate procedures, tasks and resources for the development of competence in reading. The "method" of the teacher is, therefore, reflect, from practical experience, the reality of teaching practice and open to the introduction of changes in everyday education. Interviewees refer, also, that the methodologies used to develop the mechanism of reading in students of 1st year of school, should enrol in a methodological variability adjusted to the specific needs of the student

MuSE: Multimodal Searchable Encryption for Cloud Applications

In this paper we tackle the practical challenges of searching encrypted multimodal data (i.e., data containing multiple media formats simultaneously), stored in public cloud servers, with reduced information leakage. To this end we propose MuSE, a Multimodal Searchable Encryption scheme that, by combining only standard cryptographic primitives and symmetric-key block ciphers, allows cloud-backed applications to dynamically store, update, and search multimodal datasets with privacy and efficiency guarantees. As searching encrypted data requires a tradeoff between privacy and efficiency, we also propose a variant of MuSE that resorts to partially homomorphic encryption to further reduce information leakage, but at the cost of additional computational overhead. Both schemes are formally proven secure and experimentally evaluated regarding performance and search precision. Experiments with realistic datasets show that our contributions achieve interesting levels of efficiency and privacy, making MuSE particularly suitable for practical application scenarios

Multimodal Indexable Encryption for Mobile Cloud-based Applications (Extended Version)

In this paper we propose MIE, a Multimodal Indexable Encryption framework that for the first time allows mobile applications to securely outsource the storage and search of their multimodal data (i.e. data containing multiple media formats) to public clouds with privacy guarantees. MIE is designed as a distributed framework architecture, leveraging on shared cloud repositories that can be accessed simultaneously by multiple users. At its core MIE relies on Distance Preserving Encodings (DPE), a novel family of encoding algorithms with cryptographic properties that we also propose. By applying DPE to multimodal data features, MIE enables high-cost clustering and indexing operations to be handled by cloud servers in a privacy-preserving way. Experiments show that MIE achieves better performance and scalability when compared with the state of art, with measurable impact on mobile resources and battery life

Privacy-Preserving Content-Based Image Retrieval in the Cloud (Extended Version)

Storage requirements for visual data have been increasing in recent years, following the emergence of many new highly interactive multimedia services and applications for both personal and corporate use. This has been a key driving factor for the adoption of cloud-based data outsourcing solutions. However, outsourcing data storage to the Cloud also leads to new challenges that must be carefully addressed, especially regarding privacy. In this paper we propose a secure framework for outsourced privacy-preserving storage and retrieval in large image repositories. Our proposal is based on IES-CBIR, a novel Image Encryption Scheme that displays Content-Based Image Retrieval properties. Our solution enables both encrypted storage and searching using CBIR queries while preserving privacy. We have built a prototype of the proposed framework, formally analyzed and proven its security properties, and experimentally evaluated its performance and precision. Our results show that IES-CBIR is provably secure, allows more efficient operations than existing proposals, both in terms of time and space complexity, and enables more reliable practical application scenarios

The Portuguese Atlas of Winter and Migratory Birds 2011–2013: a synopsis

The first Portuguese Atlas of Winter and Migratory Birds will be published in 2017 and was innovative in including the post-nuptial migratory period and data from ringing stations. The standard methodology was identical in both seasons and based on counting birds during a 30 min walk in each of six non-adjacent tetrads (2×2 km) within a 10×10 km UTM square. Additional records were also included as well as data from 26 ringing stations working only during the migratory season. It was possible to cover around 60% of the territory during the migration period and ca. 80% in winter. Despite some limitations of the project like short time for field work (only 2 consecutive winters and migratory seasons), results are very positive and set up a milestone for future initiatives.O projecto foi patrocinado pela Fundação EDP

BISEN: Efficient Boolean Searchable Symmetric Encryption with Verifiability and Minimal Leakage

The prevalence and availability of cloud infrastructures has made them the de facto solution for storing and archiving data, both for organizations and individual users. Nonetheless, the cloud’s wide spread adoption is still hindered by dependability and security concerns, particularly in applications with large data collections where efficient search and retrieval services are also major requirements. This leads to an increased tension between security, efficiency, and search expressiveness, which current state of the art solutions try to balance through complex cryptographic protocols that tradeoff efficiency and expressiveness for near optimal security. In this paper we tackle this tension by proposing BISEN, a new provably-secure boolean searchable symmetric encryption scheme that improves these three complementary dimensions byexploring the design space of isolation guarantees offered by novel commodity hardware such as Intel SGX, abstracted as Isolated Execution Environments (IEEs). BISEN is the first scheme to enable highly expressive and arbitrarily complex boolean queries, with minimal information leakage regarding performed queries and accessed data, and verifiability regarding fully malicious adversaries. Furthermore, by exploiting trusted hardware and the IEE abstraction, BISEN reduces communication costs between the client and the cloud, boosting query execution performance. Experimental validation and comparison with the state of art shows that BISEN provides better performance with enriched search semantics and security properties

Mapping the Lisbon potential foodshed in Ribatejo e Oeste: a suitability and yeld model for assessing the potential for localized food production

ArticleResearch on food planning has been recently proposed in North American and European planning to account for how cities might change their food provision to respond to the rising demands for a more sustainable and ethical food system. The purpose of this paper was to evaluate the agro-ecological potential of the Lisbon city region, Ribatejo e Oeste, to increase its Regional Food Self-Reliance (RFSR), through adopting demand restraint and food system relocalization approaches to food system sustainability. Three new diet scenarios were considered: meat-based, plant-based and strict vegetarian, defined in accordance with healthy dietary patterns. We used agro-climatic and agro-edaphic agricultural suitability models to evaluate the agro-ecological potential for RFSR, and proposed the use of Foodshed Landscape Plans within a landscape planning methodology. Results showed the extent of local food production that could improve food self-reliance, with 72%, 76%, 84% of total food needs in the meat-based, plant-based, and strict vegetarian scenarios, respectively. Thus, food system transformation by means of relocalization, is therefore ecologically feasible and would ensure the sustainable use of the ecological basis of food security. Additionally, a dietary transition would imply significant land sparing, which strengthens the demand restraint perspective for a transition to food system sustainabilityinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Gestão sustentável para a conservação de espécies e habitats ameaçados na ZPE das Berlengas

UID/SOC/04647/2019 LIFE13 NAT/PT/000458 PROJETO LIFE+ BERLENGASO Life Berlengas juntou 5 parceiros numa missão comum: contribuir para a gestão sustentável da Zona de Proteção Especial (ZPE) das Ilhas Berlengas, ambicionando a conservação dos seus habitats, plantas endémicas e populações de aves marinhas.publishersversionpublishe