S. V. Žuravlev et al., Avtovaz, meždu prošlym i buduščim

Qui n’a pas entendu parler de l’usine de voitures de Togliatti ? Qui n’a pas été étonné du rapprochement qui a permis, d’une part, à Fiat de construire une usine en Union soviétique et, d’autre part, à une ville portant le nom de Togliatti (secrétaire général « historique » du parti communiste italien) de s’édifier autour d’elle ? Quatre historiens russes retracent cette histoire depuis la création de l’usine en 1966, dans le cadre d’un partenariat avec le constructeur italien, jusqu’en 2005,..

Lumped Parameter Thermal Model of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines

This paper describes a thermal equivalent circuit of Liquid Cooling Totally Enclosed Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines (LCTE-PMSMs). Conductive heat transfer in all directions is taken into account. Specific care has been taken to represent them by equivalent circuit. The conductive heat transfer in heterogeneous media like slots and the convective heat transfer in the airgap and the end-winding are studied

Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction, Resuscitated Cardiac Arrest, and Cardiogenic Shock The Role of Primary Multivessel Revascularization

ObjectivesThis study sought to assess the impact of multivessel (MV) primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) on clinical outcomes in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) presenting with cardiogenic shock (CS) and resuscitated cardiac arrest (CA).BackgroundThe safety and efficacy of MV primary PCI in patients with STEMI and refractory CS is unknown.MethodsWe conducted a multicenter prospective observational study of consecutive STEMI patients presenting to 5 French centers. Patients were classified as having single-vessel (SVD) or multivessel (MVD) coronary disease, and underwent culprit-only or MV primary PCI. Baseline characteristics and 6-month survival were compared.ResultsAmong 11,530 STEMI patients, 266 had resuscitated CA and CS. Patients with SVD (36.5%) had increased 6-month survival compared to those with MVD (29.6% vs. 42.3%, p = 0.032). Baseline characteristics were similar in those with MVD undergoing culprit-only (60.9%) or MV (39.1%) primary PCI. However, 6-month survival was significantly greater in patients who underwent MV PCI (43.9% vs. 20.4%, p = 0.0017). This survival advantage was mediated by a reduction in the composite of recurrent CA and death due to shock (p = 0.024) in MV PCI patients. In those with MVD, culprit artery PCI success (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.63; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.41 to 0.96, p = 0.030) and MV primary PCI (HR: 0.57; 95% CI: 0.38 to 0.84, p = 0.005) were associated with increased 6-month survival.ConclusionsThe results of this study suggest that in STEMI patients with MVD presenting with CS and CA, MV primary PCI may improve clinical outcome. Randomized trials are required to verify these results

Epigenetic status of H19/IGF2 and SNRPN imprinted genes in aborted and successfully derived embryonic stem cell lines in non-human primates

AbstractThe imprinted genes of primate embryonic stem cells (ESCs) often show altered DNA methylation. It is unknown whether these alterations emerge while deriving the ESCs. Here we studied the methylation patterns of two differentially methylated regions (DMRs), SNRPN and H19/IGF2 DMRs, during the derivation of monkey ESCs. We show that the SNRPN DMR is characteristically methylated at maternal alleles, whereas the H19/IGF2 DMR is globally highly methylated, with unusual methylation on the maternal alleles. These methylation patterns remain stable from the early stages of ESC derivation to late passages of monkey ESCs and following differentiation. Importantly, the methylation status of H19/IGF2 DMR and the expression levels of IGF2, H19, and DNMT3B mRNAs in early embryo-derived cells were correlated with their capacity to generate genuine ESC lines. Thus, we propose that these markers could be useful to predict the outcomes of establishing an ESC line in primates

072 Five-year outcome of patients with bifurcation lesions treated with provisional side branch T-stenting using drug-eluting stents

BackgroundCoronary bifurcation lesions remain a challenge, as lower success rates and higher reintervention rates persist in this lesion subset. The ideal strategy to treat such lesions is still debated and data regarding long-term efficacy and safety of drug-eluting stents in this setting are sparse.ObjectivesWe sought to determine the long-term efficacy and safety of a provisional side branch T-stenting (PTS) strategy for bifurcation lesions in an unselected population.Methods477 consecutive Pts were treated for bifurcation lesions with DES (Paclitaxel or Sirolimus-eluting stents) between 2003 and 2005. Data were entered prospectively into a single-center registry. The PTS strategy was employed in 92%, with a side-branch stent in 28% and final kissing balloon inflation in 95%. Five-year follow-up, at a median of 61 months, is available for 93.5% of patients.ResultsAngiographic success was achieved in 99%, with 2.5% in-hospital major adverse cardiac events (MACE, defined as any cardiac death, early reintervention, Q – or non-Q-wave MI or target vessel revascularisation). The cumulative rate of MACE was 10.7% at 1 year, 13.6% at 2 years and 19.7% at 5 years, including target vessel revascularisation rates of 6.9%, 8.9% and 13%, and cardiac death rates of 3%, 3.7% and 6.7%, respectively. Ischaemia-driven target lesion revascularisation at 5 years is 7.3%. The cumulative rate of definite or probable stent thrombosis at long-term is 3.1%, most cases occurring within the first year (2.5%). The need for reintervention in the long-term was not predicted by any procedural variable, and not significantly related to the use of 1 or 2 stents or to the type of stent deployed.ConclusionsA PTS strategy with first generation drug-eluting stents, was applicable to over 90% of real-world patients with bifurcation lesions with a target lesion revascularisation < 10% at 5 years. The rate of very-late stent thrombosis in this complex lesion subset remains low

The French EO high spatial resolution hyperspectral dual mission - an update

More than 25 years of airborne imaging spectroscopy and spaceborne sensors such as Hyperion [1] or HICO [2] have clearly demonstrated the ability of such a remote sensing technique to produce value added information regarding surface composition and physical properties for a large variety of applications [3]. Scheduled missions such as EnMAP [4], HISUI [5] or PRISMA [6] prove the increased interest of the scientific community for such a type of remote sensing data. In France, after gathering a group of Science and Defence users of imaging spectrometry data (Groupe de Synthèse Hyperspectral, GSH [7]) to establish an up-to-date review of possible applications, define instrument specifications required for accurate, quantitative retrieval of diagnostic parameters, and identify fields of application where imaging spectrometry is a major contribution, CNES (French Space Agency) decided a pre-phase A study for an hyperspectral mission concept called HYPXIM (HYPerspectral-X IMagery), the main fields of applications of which were to be vegetation, coastal and inland waters, geosciences, urban environment, atmospheric sciences, cryosphere and Defence. During this pre-phase A, the feasibility of such a platform was evaluated, based on specific studies supported by Defence and a more accurate definition of reference radiances and instrument characteristics. Results also pointed to applications where high spatial resolution was necessary and would not be covered by the other foreseen hyperspectral missions. For example, in the case of ecosystem studies, it is generally agreed that many model variables and processes are not accurately represented and that upcoming sensors with improved spatial and spectral capabilities, such as higher resolution imaging spectrometers, are needed to further improve the quality and accuracy of model variables [8, 9]. The growing interest for urban environment related applications also emphasized the need for an increased spatial resolution [10, 11]. Finally, short revisit time is an issue for security and Defense as well as crisis monitoring. Table 1 summarizes the Science and Defence mission requirements at the end of pre-phase A. Two instrument designs were proposed by the industry (EADS-Astrium and Thales Alenia Space) based on these new requirements [12]: HYPXIM-Challenging, on a micro-satellite platform, with a 15 m pixel and HYPXIM-Performance, on a mini-satellite platform, with a 8 m pixel, and possible TIR hyperspectral capabilities. Both scenarios included a PAN camera with a 1.85 m pixel. Platform agility would allow for “on-event mode” with a 3-day revisit time. CNES decided to select HYPXIM-Performance, the system providing a higher spatial resolution (pixel ≤ 8 m, [13, 14]), but without TIR capabilities, for a phase A study [15]. This phase A was to start at the beginning of 2013 but is currently stopped due to budget constraints. An important part of the activities has been focusing on getting the French community more involved through various surveys and workshops in preparation for the CNES prospective meeting, an important step for the future of the mission. During this prospective meeting, which took place last March, decision was taken to keep HYPXIM alive as a mid-term (2020-2025) mission. The attendance at the recent workshop organized by the SFPT-GH (Société Française de Photogrammétrie et Télédétection, Groupe Hyperspectral) which gathered more than 90 participants from various field of application, including the industry (see http://www.sfpt.fr/hyperspectral for more details), demonstrates the interest and support of the French scientific community for a high spatial resolution imaging spectrometry mission

A new Mars Climate Database v5.1

International audienceWhat is the Mars Climate Database? The Mars Climate Database (MCD) is a database of meteorological fields derived from General Circulation Model (GCM) numerical simulations of the Martian atmosphere and validated using available observational data. The MCD includes complementary post-processing schemes such as high spatial resolution interpolation of environmental data and means of reconstructing the variability thereof. The GCM is developed at Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique du CNRS (Paris, France) [1-3] in collaboration with the Open University (UK), the Oxford University (UK) and the Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia (Spain) with support from the European Space Agency (ESA) and the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES). The MCD is freely distributed and intended to be useful and used in the framework of engineering applications as well as in the context of scientific studies which require accurate knowledge of the state of the Martian atmosphere. The MCD may be accessed either online (in a somewhat simplified form) via an interactive server available at http://www-mars.lmd.jussieu.fr (useful for moderate needs), or from the complete version which includes advanced access and post-processing software (contact [email protected] and/or [email protected] to obtain a free copy). Overview of MCDv5 contents: The MCD provides mean values and statistics of the main meteorological variables (atmospheric temperature, density, pressure and winds) as well as atmospheric composition (including dust and water vapor and ice content), as the GCM from which the datasets are obtained includes water cycle [4-6], chemistry [7,8], and ionosphere [9,10] models. The database extends up to and including the thermosphere[11-13] (~350km). Since the influence of Extreme Ultra Violet (EUV) input from the sun is significant in the latter, 3 EUV scenarios (solar minimum, average and maximum inputs) account for the impact of the various states of the solar cycle