Combining Climate and Energy Policies: Synergies or Antagonism? Modeling Interactions With Energy Efficiency Instruments

In addition to the already present Climate and Energy package, the European Union (EU) plans to include a binding target to reduce energy consumption. We analyze the rationales the EU invokes to justify such an overlapping and develop a minimal common framework to study interactions arising from the combination of instruments reducing emissions, promoting renewable energy (RE) production and reducing energy demand through energy efficiency (EE) investments. We find that although all instruments tend to reduce emissions and a price on carbon tends to give the right incentives for RE and EE too, the combination of more than one instrument leads to significant antagonisms regarding major objectives of the policy package. The model allows to show in a single framework and to quantify the antagonistic effects of the joint promotion of RE and EE. We also show and quantify the effects of this joint promotion on ETS permit price, on wholesale market price and on energy production levels.Renewable Energy, Energy Efficiency, Energy Policy, Climate Policy, Policy Interaction

Regional growth, national membership and European structural funds : an empirical appraisal

regional development

Transpiration Cooling - Its Theory and Application

Transpiration cooling of turbulent boundary layers - theory and applicatio

Turbine vane gas film cooling with injection in the leading edge region from a single row of spanwise angled holes

An experimental study of gas film cooling was conducted on a 3X size model turbine vane. Injection in the leading edge region was from a single row of holes angled in a spanwise direction. Measurements of the local heat flux downstream from the row of coolant holes, both with and without film coolant flow, were used to determine the film cooling performance presented in terms of the Stanton number ratio. Results for a range of coolant blowing ratio, M = 0 to 2.0, indicate a reduction in heat flux of up to 15 to 30 percent at a point 10 to 11 hole diameters downstream from injection. An optimum coolant blowing ratio corresponds to a coolant-to-freestream velocity ratio in the range of 0.5. The shallow injection angle resulted in superior cooling performance for injection closest to stagnation, while the effect of injection angle was insignificant for injection further from stagnation

Le Langage Dans Le Theatre D'Eugene Ionesco

Paper by Maurice Lecuye

Stagnation region gas film cooling: Effects of dimensionless coolant temperature

An experimental investigation was conducted to mode the film cooling performance for a turbine vane leading edge using the stagnation region of a cylinder in cross flow. Experiments were conducted with a single row of spanwise angled (25 deg) coolant holes for a range of the coolant blowing ratio and dimensionless coolant temperature with free stream-to-wall temperature ratio approximately 1.7 and Re sub D = 90000. the cylindrical test surface was instrumented with miniature heat flux gages and wall thermocouples to determine the percentage reduction in the Stanton number as a function of the distance downstream from injection (x/d sub 0) and the location between adjacent holes (z/S). Data from local heat flux measurements are presented for injection from a single row located at 5 deg, 22.9 deg, 40.8 deg, from stagnation using a hole spacing ratio of S/d = 5. The film coolant was injected with T sub c T sub w with a dimensionless coolant temperature in the range 1.18 or equal to theta sub c or equal to 1.56. The data for local Stanton Number Reduction (SNR) showed a significant increase in SNR as theta sub c was increased above 1.0

Security, Privacy, and Transparency Guarantees for Machine Learning Systems

Machine learning (ML) is transforming a wide range of applications, promising to bring immense economic and social benefits. However, it also raises substantial security, privacy, and transparency challenges. ML workloads indeed push companies toward aggressive data collection and loose data access policies, placing troves of sensitive user information at risk if the company is hacked. ML also introduces new attack vectors, such as adversarial example attacks, which can completely nullify models’ accuracy under attack. Finally, ML models make complex data-driven decisions, which are opaque to the end-users, and difficult to inspect for programmers. In this dissertation we describe three systems we developed. Each system addresses a dimension of the previous challenges, by combining new practical systems techniques with rigorous theory to achieve a guaranteed level of protection, and make systems easier to understand. First we present Sage, a differentially private ML platform that enforces a meaningful protection semantic for the troves of personal information amassed by today’s companies. Second we describe PixelDP, a defense against adversarial examples that leverages differential privacy theory to provide a guaranteed level of accuracy under attack. Third we introduce Sunlight, a tool to enhance the transparency of opaque targeting services, using rigorous causal inference theory to explain targeting decisions to end-users

Effect of an electric field on a floating lipid bilayer: a neutron reflectivity study

We present here a neutron reflectivity study of the influence of an alternative electric field on a supported phospholipid double bilayer. We report for the first time a reproducible increase of the fluctuation amplitude leading to the complete unbinding of the floating bilayer. Results are in good agreement with a semi-quantitative interpretation in terms of negative electrostatic surface tension.Comment: 12 pages, 7 figures, 1 table accepted for publication in European Physical Journal E Replaced with with correct bibliograph

The Apparatus of Queer Inclusion in English Primary Schools: A Foucauldian Insight into Policy and Teachers’ Discourses

This thesis examines the elements forming LGBT inclusion in English Primary Schools. In recent years, the presentation of sexual and gender diversity in schools has become a deeply polarised issue. Parental protest, particularly to LGBT inclusive education in primary schools, has been at the forefront of media attention (BBC, 2019; Morgan & Taylor, 2019). In the midst of, and perhaps because of, this controversy, the 2019 changes to the Relationships and Sex Education (RSE) curriculum made “LGBT content” compulsory only for secondary schools. Primary schools, by contrast, were “encouraged and enabled to cover LGBT content when teaching about different types of families” but were not required to do so (Department for Education, 2020b, para. 25). Primary schools may decide whether such content is “appropriate” to include in their RSE curriculum, and the guidance requires them to consult parents and consider ‘political impartiality’ when planning this teaching (Department for Education, 2019d; 2020c, p. 11). This optional status is significant given that previous research has suggested LGBT inclusion in primary schools is sporadic and formed in mind of potential parental backlash, ideas of age appropriateness, and neutrality (Carlile, 2020b; DePalma & Jennett, 2010; Johnson, 2022; Wilder, 2019). As limited research has yet extensively examined the shape of LGBT inclusion in primary schools alongside the new RSE guidance, this thesis aims to fill this gap in the literature. This thesis used policy analysis alongside interviews and/or questionnaire responses from 363 teachers to understand the meaning of LGBT inclusion in policy and its enactment in schools. Using a Queer and Foucauldian lens, this thesis grapples with the discourses and power relations underpinning the multiple meanings of LGBT inclusion. The findings of this thesis suggest that the notion that LGBT content is ‘encouraged and enabled’ overlooks both the prohibitive impacts that discourses of appropriateness, whether in terms of age, sexual content, parental rights, or political impartiality, has on inclusion attempts, and that the very designation of the queer as optional otherly content subjects LGBT content to these discourses. LGBT inclusion in this manner was allowed, but not necessarily practicable, being subject to parental and school judgements of appropriateness