Portuguese and Brazilian family business: in between urgency and delay perceptions in the succession process

Family business has been the focus of several studies over the last two decades and its relevance has been supported by the interdisciplinary perspectives in the fields of management, entrepreneurship, economics, psychology, and sociology. Despite that, there is still insufficient knowledge about the key role of family influences in the business, namely the intergenerational management succession, its planning and effectiveness. According to a recent research focused on the entrepreneurial succession in Portugal (AEP, 2011), 50% of family businesses are not passed on to the second generation and only 20% reach the third generation. In fact, business succession planning has been identified as one of the most challenging steps in the life of the family firm, both in maintaining the competiveness of the business, and in overcoming intra/ inter family conflicts. Nonetheless, resistance to succession, relationship founder/ successor, planning of succession, and type of organisational culture, among others, explain how executive succession is one of the most important and hardest tasks in organisational life (Zahra, 2005). This paper will be supported mainly by qualitative data, taking into account the main results from the project “Roadmap for Portuguese Family Businesses” (NORTE2020/FEDER) developed in Portugal (Marques, 2018) and in Brazil (Silva, 2018), which analyses in-depth interviews conducted to Portuguese (N 23) and Brazilian (N 11) founders/managers/owners. In the present article we wish to discuss the main management challenges of a family business, particularly the importance of succession preparation and the role of the family in the socialisation of the second (third or subsequent) generation.NORTE-02-0853-FEDER-00001

A trajetória política e histórico-normativa do ensino técnico da área de agropecuária no estado de São Paulo: a história política de transição por decretos (de 1882 a 2001)

This article presents the historical trajectory of agricultural technical education in the State of São Paulo, 1882-2001, with emphasis on regulatory and policy aspects of transition management agencies and disruption in the construction and consolidation of a pedagogical and curricular design of this area of teaching technical and institutional policies of these technical schools. Thus focuses on the major changes in the political-normative and pedagogical and organizational character that shaped the construction of its especificidade.Isto because it is necessary to know the history of technical education 'agricultural' (agricultural area) in order to support the analysis of its configuration current and devise new prospects for your gestão.O Paulista agricultural education was subject to constant political uncertainties as to its principles and fins.As several transfers and reallocations it has undergone through different State Secretariats, reveal political barriers regarding its management and the difficulty of situating it in an appropriate and befitting their purposes locus.Este artigo apresenta a trajetória histórica do ensino técnico agrícola no Estado de São Paulo, de 1882 a 2001, com destaque para os aspectos normativos e políticos de transição de órgãos gestores e ruptura na construção e consolidação de um projeto pedagógico-curricular desta área do ensino técnico e de políticas institucionais dessas escolas técnicas. Focaliza, assim, as importantes mudanças de caráter político-normativas e pedagógico-organizacionais que delinearam a construção da sua especificidade.Isto porque é necessário conhecer a história do ensino técnico ‘agrícola’ (área agropecuária) a fim de subsidiar a análise de sua configuração atual e divisar novas perspectivas para sua gestão.O ensino agrícola paulista foi alvo de constantes indefinições políticas quanto aos seus princípios e fins.As várias transferências e realocações a que foi submetido passando por diferentes Secretarias Estaduais, revelam os entraves políticos quanto à sua gestão e a dificuldade de situá-lo em um locus apropriado e condizente aos seus fins

Négociation de succession intergénérationnelle aux “mains de la famille”: témoignages d’entreprises familiales portugaises et brésiliennes

O processo de sucessão intergeracional constitui-se numa das etapas mais desafiadoras na vida de uma empresa familiar tanto na competitividade do negócio, quanto na superação de conflitos intra/interfamiliares. Dada a insuficiência do conhecimento sobre a influência familiar nos negócios, pretende-se ampliar os resultados do projeto “Roadmap para Empresas Familiares Portuguesas”, tomando como referência empresas familiares portuguesas e brasileiras. A partir de um desenho de pesquisa qualitativo, analisam-se as estratégias de negociação de (potenciais) conflitos no processo de sucessão e respetivas perceções de empresários/gestores, aprofundando o conhecimento sobre os principais desafios na passagem do “legado” empresarial.The succession process of intergenerational management is one of the most challenging steps in the life of a family firm, both in terms of business competitiveness and in overcoming intra/ interfamily conflicts. Given the insufficiency of knowledge regarding family influence on business, the purpose of this paper is to expand the main findings of the project “Roadmap para Empresas Familiares Portuguesas”, taking into account Portuguese and Brazilian family businesses. Based on a qualitative research design, the negotiation strategies of (potential) conflicts in the succession process and respective perceptions of founders/managers are analysed, deepening the knowledge about the main challenges in the passage of the business “legacy”.Le processus de succession intergénérationnelle constitue l’une des étapes les plus difficiles de la vie d’une entreprise familiale, tant en matière de compétitivité de l’entreprise que de dépassement des conflits intra/interfamiliaux. Compte tenu du manque de connaissances sur l’influence familiale sur les affaires, nous avons l’intention d’élargir les résultats du projet « Roadmap para Empresas Familiares Portuguesas » en prenant comme référence des entreprises familiales portugaises et brésiliennes. Sur la base d’un plan de recherche qualitative, les stratégies de négociation des conflits (potentiels) dans le processus de succession et les perceptions respectives des fondateurs/dirigeants sont analysées, en approfondissant les connaissances sur les principaux défis dans le passage de « l’héritage » d’entreprise

Automação residencial para conservação e eficiência energética por meio de técnicas de inteligência artificial

TCC(graduação) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Centro Tecnológico. Sistemas de Informação.Este projeto visa desenvolver um sistema para automatizar o uso dos recursos energéticos pelos equipamentos elétricos residenciais. Para isso, foram utilizados o condicionador de ar e a lâmpada LED como base para aplicação de uma técnica de Inteligência Artificial denominada lógica nebulosa, internacionalmente conhecida como lógica “Fuzzy”. A partir de um conjunto inicial de dados e, posteriormente, do reconhecimento de padrões, torna-se possível a realização das tomadas de decisões por meio da lógica nebulosa, que permite a adaptação do sistema aos costumes dos usuários. Em vista disso, a partir da utilização da lógica nebulosa é viável otimizar a eficiência energética dos equipamentos e diminuir o consumo de energia elétrica, sem realizar mudanças radicais na rotina do usuário. O sistema executa o gerenciamento automático do condicionador de ar a partir dos horários regulares de reconhecimento de presença, bem como pelas ações que os usuários normalmente realizam no condicionador de ar. Assim, o sistema seleciona a temperatura “ideal” para o conforto térmico e aciona o condicionador de ar com antecedência à chegada do usuário à residência, visando o aumento da eficiência energética do equipamento e a diminuição no consumo de energia elétrica. Além disso, também é objetivo do sistema realizar o controle da intensidade da luz emitida por lâmpadas led dimerizáveis, tendo como base de ajustamento a intensidade da luminosidade do ambiente, possibilitando a diminuição do consumo energético sem que a mudança se faça perceptível para os usuários. Por fim, o sistema realiza o monitoramento do consumo de energia elétrica dos dispositivos com base na leitura da corrente elétrica, medida em kWh (kilowatt-hora), gerenciado a partir de um servidor local, que recebe os dados dos sensores instalados no protótipo desenvolvido, e realiza o devido tratamento dos dados para que se transformem em informações úteis para seu funcionamento.This project aims at a system to automate the use of energy resources of the residential electrical equipments. For this, it is used an the air conditioner and a LED lamp as the basis of our tests, applying an Artificial Intelligence technique called nebulous logic, internationally known as Fuzzy Logic. From an initial set of data and, later, the recognition of standards, it will be possible to make decision-making through nebulous logic, which allows the adaptation of the system to the customs of the users. In view of this, from the use of nebulous logic it will be feasible to optimize the energy efficiency of the equipment and reduce the consumption of electric energy, without making radical changes in the routine of the user. The system will perform automatic management of the air conditioner from the regular presence recognition schedules, as well as the actions that the users normally perform in the air conditioner. Thus, the system will select the "ideal" temperature for thermal comfort and will trigger the air conditioner in advance of the user's arrival at the residence, aiming at increasing the energy efficiency of the equipment and reducing the consumption of electric energy. In addition, it is also the objective of the system to control the intensity of the light emitted by dimmable LED lamps, based on the intensity of the ambient light, enabling the energy consumption to be reduced without making the change perceptible to the users. Finally, the system will monitor the electricity consumption of the devices based on the reading of the electric current, measured in kWh (kilowatt-hours), will be managed from a local server, which will receive the data of the sensors installed in the prototype developed, and will perform due treatment of the data to become useful information for it's operation

Phylobetadiversity among Forest Types in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest Complex

Phylobetadiversity is defined as the phylogenetic resemblance between communities or biomes. Analyzing phylobetadiversity patterns among different vegetation physiognomies within a single biome is crucial to understand the historical affinities between them. Based on the widely accepted idea that different forest physiognomies within the Southern Brazilian Atlantic Forest constitute different facies of a single biome, we hypothesize that more recent phylogenetic nodes should drive phylobetadiversity gradients between the different forest types within the Atlantic Forest, as the phylogenetic divergence among those forest types is biogeographically recent. We compiled information from 206 checklists describing the occurrence of shrub/tree species across three different forest physiognomies within the Southern Brazilian Atlantic Forest (Dense, Mixed and Seasonal forests). We analyzed intra-site phylogenetic structure (phylogenetic diversity, net relatedness index and nearest taxon index) and phylobetadiversity between plots located at different forest types, using five different methods differing in sensitivity to either basal or terminal nodes (phylogenetic fuzzy weighting, COMDIST, COMDISTNT, UniFrac and Rao’s H). Mixed forests showed higher phylogenetic diversity and overdispersion than the other forest types. Furthermore, all forest types differed from each other in relation phylobetadiversity patterns, particularly when phylobetadiversity methods more sensitive to terminal nodes were employed. Mixed forests tended to show higher phylogenetic differentiation to Dense and Seasonal forests than these latter from each other. The higher phylogenetic diversity and phylobetadiversity levels found in Mixed forests when compared to the others likely result from the biogeographical origin of several taxa occurring in these forests. On one hand, Mixed forests shelter several temperate taxa, like the conifers Araucaria and Podocarpus. On the other hand, tropical groups, like Myrtaceae, are also very representative of this forest type. We point out to the need of more attention to Mixed forests as a conservation target within the Brazilian Atlantic Forest given their high phylogenetic uniqueness

Ser diplomado do ensino superior: escolhas, percursos e retornos

Textos selecionados a partir de comunicações apresentadas no 3.º Seminário “Ser Diplomado do Ensino Superior: Escolhas, Percursos e Retornos”, realizado pelo ObservatoriUM - Observatório dos Percursos Académicos dos Estudantes da Universidade do Minho (Campus de Gualtar, 9 de junho de 2017).Este trabalho é financiado pelo CIEd - Centro de Investigação em Educação, projetos UID/CED/1661/2013 e UID/CED/1661/2016, Instituto de Educação, Universidade do Minho, através de fundos nacionais da FCT/MCTES-PT.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Gestão de riscos corporativos: percepção dos chief risk officers

The purpose of this paper is to verify how risk management materializes in organizations. To do this, a descriptive research was conducted with a quantitative approach by means of a survey. The data collection instrument was a structured questionnaire sent to the Chief Risk Officers (CROs) of Brazilian companies, auditors and risk management consultants. A total of 22 responses were obtained. Data analysis reveals that –among those interviewed– there is little knowledge about work related to the risk management presented in the research; this indicates a scarce use of this work as training strategies for CROs. Concerning tools and risk management techniques, it was found that the techniques identified by COSO (2007) are rarely used by respondents, while the most used are those less complicated to implement. Among the reasons behind GRC adoption in a company, the most common reason was by request of regulatory bodies.El objetivo de este artículo fue verificar cómo la gestión de riesgos se materializa en las organizaciones. Para ello, se realizó una investigación descriptiva con un enfoque cuantitativo por medio de encuesta. El instrumento de recolección de datos consistía en un cuestionario estructurado enviado a Chief risk officers (CROs) de empresas brasileñas, auditores y consultores de gestión de riesgos. Un total de 22 respuestas fueron obtenidas. El análisis de los datos revela que entre los entrevistados existe poco conocimiento acerca de los trabajos relacionados con la gestión de riesgos presentados en la investigación, lo cual indica un uso escaso de estos trabajos como estrategias de capacitación para los CROs. En cuanto a las herramientas y técnicas de gestión de riesgos, se constató que las técnicas señaladas por el COSO (2007) son poco utilizadas por los encuestados, mientras que las más utilizadas son las que son menos complicadas en su aplicación. Con respecto a los motivos detrás de la adopción de GRC en una empresa, el más común fue su exigencia por parte de órganos reguladores.O objetivo deste artigo foi verificar como a gestão de riscos se materializa nas organizações. Para tanto, realizou-se pesquisa descritiva com abordagem quantitativa por meio de levantamento. O instrumento de coleta de dados compreendeu um questionário estruturado enviado à CROs de empresas brasileiras, auditores e consultores de gestão de riscos. Um total de 22 respostas foi obtido. A análise dos dados revela que há pouco conhecimento por parte dos entrevistados sobre as obras que versam sobre gestão de riscos apresentadas na pesquisa, indicando assim pouca utilização destas como estratégias de capacitação pelos CROs. Em relação às ferramentas e técnicas de gestão de riscos, constatou-se que as técnicas elencadas pelo COSO (2007) são pouco utilizadas pelos respondentes, sendo que as mais utilizadas são as de menor complexidade de aplicação. Em relação aos motivos para a adoção da GRC na empresa, o mais recorrente foi a exigência por parte de órgãos reguladores

Punching of reinforced concrete flat slabs with holes and shear reinforcement

Punching shear is a possible type of failure that occurs in reinforced concrete flat slabs, which can develop with an ultimate load below flexural capacity. Several researchers have studied the punching resistance of flat slabs over recent years. Although they have made great advances, there are codes that show different approaches to a singular design. Some codes show that there exist contradictions, even in the simplest situations, such as concentric loads. Most codes prescribe empirical expressions based in a theoretical model to analyze punching strength, but for flat slabs with holes around the column and shear reinforcement there are divergences between codes, justifying research in this area. This paper presents an experimental analysis of nine square reinforced concrete flat slabs under concentric loading (width: 1800 mm; thickness: 130 mm). The main variables used in the tests were: a) two square openings (150 mm) adjacent to the smallest side of the column and b) the use of shear reinforcement containing 3 layers, with 6 or 8 elements in each layer and radially distributed around the column. The research concludes that openings adjacent to the column affect punching shear strength, while the correct use of the shear reinforcement can minimize and even compensate this loss70440741