The central Blue Straggler population in four outer-halo globular clusters

Using HST/WFPC2 data, we have performed a comparative study of the Blue Straggler Star (BSS) populations in the central regions of the globular clusters AM 1, Eridanus, Palomar 3, and Palomar 4. Located at distances RGC > 50 kpc from the Galactic Centre, these are (together with Palomar 14 and NGC 2419) the most distant clusters in the Halo. We determine their colour-magnitude diagrams and centres of gravity. The four clusters turn out to have similar ages (10.5-11 Gyr), significantly smaller than those of the inner-Halo globulars, and similar metallicities. By exploiting wide field ground based data, we build the most extended radial density profiles from resolved star counts ever published for these systems. These are well reproduced by isotropic King models of relatively low concentration. BSSs appear to be significantly more centrally segregated than red giants in all globular clusters, in agreement with the estimated core and half-mass relaxation times which are smaller than the cluster ages. Assuming that this is a signature of mass segregation, we conclude that AM 1 and Eridanus are slightly dynamically more evolved than Pal 3 and Pal 4.Comment: Accepted for publication in ApJ, references update

Optical Identification of He White Dwarfs Orbiting Four Millisecond Pulsars in the Globular Cluster 47 Tucanae

We used ultra-deep UV observations obtained with the Hubble Space Telescope to search for optical companions to binary millisecond pulsars (MSPs) in the globular cluster 47 Tucanae. We identified four new counterparts (to MSPs 47TucQ, 47TucS, 47TucT and 47TucY) and confirmed those already known (to MSPs 47TucU and 47TucW). In the color magnitude diagram, the detected companions are located in a region between the main sequence and the CO white dwarf cooling sequences, consistent with the cooling tracks of He white dwarfs of mass between 0.15 Msun and 0.20 Msun. For each identified companion, mass, cooling age, temperature and pulsar mass (as a function of the inclination angle) have been derived and discussed. For 47TucU we also found that the past accretion history likely proceeded in a sub-Eddington rate. The companion to the redback 47TucW is confirmed to be a non degenerate star, with properties particularly similar to those observed for black widow systems. Two stars have been identified within the 2-sigma astrometric uncertainty from the radio positions of 47TucH and 47TucI, but the available data prevent us from firmly assessing whether they are the true companions of these two MSPs.Comment: 27 pages, 7 figures, Accepted for publication by Ap

The Optical Counterpart to the Accreting Millisecond X-ray Pulsar SAX J1748.9-2021 in the Globular Cluster NGC 6440

We used a combination of deep optical and Halpha images of the Galactic globular cluster NGC 6440, acquired with the Hubble Space Telescope, to identify the optical counterpart to the accreting millisecond X-ray pulsar SAX J1748.9-2021during quiescence. A strong Halpha emission has been detected from a main sequence star (hereafter COM-SAX J1748.9-2021) located at only 0.15" from the nominal position of the X-ray source. The position of the star also agrees with the optical counterpart found by Verbunt et al. (2000) during an outburst. We propose this star as the most likely optical counterpart to the binary system. By direct comparison with isochrones, we estimated that COM-SAX J1748.9-2021 has a mass of 0.70 Msun - 0.83 Msun, a radius of 0.88 pm 0.02 Rsun and a superficial temperature of 5250pm80 K. These parameters combined with the orbital characteristics of the binary suggest that the system is observed at a very low inclination angle (~8 deg -14 deg) and that the star is filling or even overflowing its Roche Lobe. This, together with the equivalent width of the Halpha emission (~20 Ang), suggest possible on-going mass transfer. The possibile presence of such a on-going mass transfer during a quiescence state also suggests that the radio pulsar is not active yet and thus this system, despite its similarity with the class of redback millisecond pulsars, is not a transitional millisecond pulsar.Comment: 8 pages, 6 figures. Accepted for publication in Ap

The optical companion to the intermediate mass millisecond pulsar J1439-5501 in the Galactic field

We present the identification of the companion star to the intermediate mass binary pulsar J1439-5501 obtained by means of ground-based deep images in the B, V and I bands, acquired with FORS2 mounted at the ESO-VLT. The companion is a massive white dwarf (WD) with B=23.57+-0.02, V=23.21+-0.01 and I=22.96+-0.01, located at only ~0.05" from the pulsar radio position. Comparing the WD location in the (B, B-V) and (V, V-I) Color-Magnitude diagrams with theoretical cooling sequences we derived a range of plausible combinations of companion masses (1<~Mcom<~1.3 Msun), distances (d<~1200 pc), radii (<~7.8 10^3 Rsun) and temperatures (T=31350^{+21500}_{-7400}). From the PSR mass function and the estimated mass range we also constrained the inclination angle i >~ 55 degrees and the pulsar mass (Mpsr <~2.2 Msun). The comparison between the WD cooling age and the spin down age suggests that the latter is overestimated by a factor of about ten.Comment: Accepted for publication by ApJ; 19 pages, 5 figures, 1 tabl

Blue Straggler masses from pulsation properties. I. The case of NGC6541

We used high-spatial resolution images acquired with the WFC3 on board HST to probe the population of variable blue straggler stars in the central region of the poorly studied Galactic globular cluster NGC 6541. The time sampling of the acquired multi wavelength (F390W, F555W and F814W) data allowed us to discover three WUma stars and nine SX Phoenicis. Periods, mean magnitudes and pulsation modes have been derived for the nine SX Phoenicis and their masses have been estimated by using pulsation equations obtained from linear non adiabatic models. We found masses in the range 1.0-1.1Mo, with an average value of 1.06+-0.09 Mo (sigma = 0.04), significantly in excess of the cluster Main Sequence Turn Off mass (~ 0.75Mo). A mild trend between mass and luminosity seems also to be present. The computed pulsation masses turn out to be in very good agreement with the predictions of evolutionary tracks for single stars, indicating values in the range ~ 1.0-1.2 Mo for most of the BSS population, in agreement with what discussed in a number of previous studies.Comment: 8 pages, 9 figures, ApJ, accepte

The binary fraction in the globular cluster M10 (NGC 6254): comparing core and outer regions

We study the binary fraction of the globular cluster M10 (NGC 6254) as a function of radius from the cluster core to the outskirts, by means of a quan- titative analysis of the color distribution of stars relative to the fiducial main sequence. By taking advantage of two data-sets, acquired with the Advanced Camera for Survey and the Wide Field Planetary Camera 2 on board the Hubble Space Telescope, we have studied both the core and the external regions of the cluster. The binary fraction is found to decrease from 14% within the core, to 1.5% in a region between 1 and 2 half-mass radii from the cluster centre. Such a trend and the derived values are in agreement with previous results ob- tained in clusters of comparable total magnitude. The estimated binary fraction is sufficient to account for the suppression of mass segregation observed in M10, without any need to invoke the presence of an intermediate-mass black hole in its centre.Comment: Accepted for publication in ApJ (22 pages, 7 figures, 3 tables

Probing the MSP prenatal stage: the optical identification of the X-ray burster EXO 1745-248 in Terzan 5

We report on the optical identification of the neutron star burster EXO 1745-248 in Terzan 5. The identification was performed by exploiting HST/ACS images acquired in Director's Discretionary Time shortly after (approximately 1 month) the Swift detection of the X-ray burst. The comparison between these images and previous archival data revealed the presence of a star that currently brightened by ~3 magnitudes, consistent with expectations during an X-ray outburst. The centroid of this object well agrees with the position, in the archival images, of a star located in the Turn-Off/Sub Giant Branch region of Terzan 5. This supports the scenario that the companion should has recently filled its Roche Lobe. Such a system represents the pre-natal stage of a millisecond pulsar, an evolutionary phase during which heavy mass accretion on the compact object occurs, thus producing X-ray outbursts and re-accelerating the neutron star.Comment: ApJ Letter, in pres

Deep multi-telescope photometry of NGC 5466. I. Blue Stragglers and binary systems

We present a detailed investigation of the radial distribution of blue straggler star and binary populations in the Galactic globular cluster NGC 5466, over the entire extension of the system. We used a combination of data acquired with the ACS on board the Hubble Space Telescope, the LBC-blue mounted on the Large Binocular Telescope, and MEGACAM on the Canadian-France-Hawaii Telescope. Blue straggler stars show a bimodal distribution with a mild central peak and a quite internal minimum. This feature is interpreted in terms of a relatively young dynamical age in the framework of the "dynamical clock" concept proposed by Ferraro et al. (2012). The estimated fraction of binaries is 6-7% in the central region (r<90") and slightly lower (5.5%) in the outskirts, at r>200". Quite interestingly, the comparison with the results of Milone et al. (2012) suggests that also binary systems may display a bimodal radial distribution, with the position of the minimum consistent with that of blue straggler stars. If confirmed, this feature would give additional support to the scenario where the radial distribution of objects more massive than the average cluster stars is primarily shaped by the effect of dynamical friction. Moreover, this would also be consistent with the idea that the unperturbed evolution of primordial binaries could be the dominant BSS formation process in low-density environments.Comment: Accepted for publication on Ap