An Inexact Proximal-Type Method for the Generalized Variational Inequality in Banach Spaces

We investigate an inexact proximal-type method, applied to the generalized variational inequality problem with maximal monotone operator in reflexive Banach spaces. Solodov and Svaiter (2000) first introduced a new proximal-type method for generating a strongly convergent sequence to the zero of maximal monotone operator in Hilbert spaces, and subsequently Kamimura and Takahashi (2003) extended Solodov and Svaiter algorithm and strong convergence result to the setting of uniformly convex and uniformly smooth Banach spaces. In this paper Kamimura and Takahashi's algorithm is extended to develop a generic inexact proximal point algorithm, and their convergence analysis is extended to develop a generic convergence analysis which unifies a wide class of proximal-type methods applied to finding the zeroes of maximal monotone operators in the setting of Hilbert spaces or Banach spaces

Detection of serum midkine levels in cancer patients using rabbit anti-human midkine monoclonal antibodies

Midkine (MK) is a heparin-binding growth factor and was found to be highly expressed in many types of human carcinomas. MK may become a novel tumor marker. In this study, we used the rabbit specific antibodies against human MK to establish a double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) of MK system and applied it to detect serum MK levels in different types of cancer patients. The standard curve, precision and recovery rate were tested, respectively, and serum MK concentration of 102 cancers patients and 102 normal individuals were detected using this method. The detection range of this method was 0.2 to 10 ng/ml (R2 = 0.97). The average intra and intro-assay coefficients of variation (CVs) were 3.6 and 7.9%, respectively. The average recovery rate was 89.9% when some standard antigens were added into the serum. The medians (25th and 75th percentiles) of serum MK levels were 1.35 ng/ml (0.96 and 1.64) in cancer patients and 0.30 ng/ml (0.23 and 0.38) in the controls; the MK levels of the patients were significantly higher than those of the controls (P<0.05). Moreover, 87.2% of the patients showed more than 0.6 ng/ml levels of MK. Serum MK could serve as a general tumor marker with a good potential for clinical application.Key words: Midkine, rabbit monoclonal antibody, sandwich ELISA, tumor marker

Two fundamentally different drivers of dipolarizations at Saturn

Solar wind energy is transferred to planetary magnetospheres via magnetopause reconnection, driving magnetospheric dynamics. At giant planets like Saturn, rapid rotation and internal plasma sources from geologically active moons also drive magnetospheric dynamics. In both cases, magnetic energy is regularly released via magnetospheric current redistributions that usually result in a change of the global magnetic field topology (named substorm dipolarization at Earth). Besides this substorm dipolarization, the front boundary of the reconnection outflow can also lead to a strong but localized magnetic dipolarization, named a reconnection front. The enhancement of the north-south magnetic component is usually adopted as the indicator of magnetic dipolarization. However, this field increase alone cannot distinguish between the two fundamentally different mechanisms. Using measurements from Cassini, we present multiple cases whereby we identify the two distinct types of dipolarization at Saturn. A comparison between Earth and Saturn provides new insight to revealing the energy dissipation in planetary magnetospheres

On the Relation Between Jupiter's Aurora and the Dawnside Current Sheet

Jupiter's auroral emission is a spectacular phenomenon that provides insight into energy release processes related to the coupling of its magnetosphere and ionosphere. This energy release is influenced by solar wind conditions. Using joint observations from Juno and the Hubble Space Telescope (HST), we statistically investigate the relationship between auroral power and current sheet variations under different solar wind conditions. In this study, we reveal that during global main auroral brightening events that are closely connected to solar wind compressions, the dawn side current sheet is substantially thinner than during times when a quiet auroral morphology is present. Furthermore, the total current intensity in the current sheet is found to increase under solar wind compression conditions compared to the quiet period. These findings provide important observational evidence for how magnetospheric dynamics driven by solar wind behavior affect auroral activity, deepening our understanding of the coupling between Jupiter's magnetosphere and ionosphere