Measurement of single event upsets in the ALICE-TPC front-end electronics

The Time Projection Chamber of the ALICE experiment at the CERN Large Hadron Collider features highly integrated on-detector read-out electronics. It is following the general trend of high energy physics experiments by placing the front-end electronics as close to the detector as possible -- only some 10 cm away from its active volume. Being located close to the beams and the interaction region, the electronics is subject to a moderate radiation load, which allowed us to use commercial off-the-shelf components. However, they needed to be selected and qualified carefully for radiation hardness and means had to be taken to protect their functionality against soft errors, i.e. single event upsets. Here we report on the first measurements of LHC induced radiation effects on ALICE front-end electronics and on how they attest to expectations

Synthesis and crystal structure of bis(furan-2-ylmethanaminium)-catena-[bis(μ2-phthalato-κ2O:O′)cobalt(II)], C26H24CoN2O10

Abstract C26H24CoN2O10, monoclinic, F2/d (equiv. to no. 15), a = 23.7125(7) Å, b = 10.7325(4) Å, c = 39.5740(15) Å, β = 90.324(3)°, V = 10071.2(6) Å3, Z = 16, R gt(F) = 0.0514, wR ref(F 2) = 0.1048, T = 140(1) K.</jats:p

Analisis Pb dalam Beberapa Jenis Ikan dari Perairan Suppa

Abstrak. Kawasan laut atau perairan merupakan daerah yang sangat rawan terhadap pencemaran logam berat, terutama pada daerah pesisir. Tingkat pencemaran suatu tempat dapat diketahui dengan mengukur konsentrasi logam Pb pada biota air dalam hal ini ikan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode adisi standar secara Spektrofotometri Serapan Atom. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kandungan logam Pb pada ikan Kerapu Sunu (Plectroponus maculatus) 0,0398 mg/kg, Kerapu Bebek (Cromileptes altivelis) 4,0772 mg/kg, ikan Buntal (diodin holocanthus) 2,6717 mg/kg, Baronang (Siganus sp) 3,7714 mg/kg, Ekor Kuning (Caesio curing) 2,6476 mg/kg, Bandeng (Chanos chanos) 45,1152 mg/kg

Kajian P-tersedia Pada Tanah Sawah Sulfat Masam Potensial

The research was conducted to examine P-available of paddy soil potential of acid sulfate withBray II, Truog and Olsen. The research held in Seed Technology Laboratory (seeding), green houseand also in Research and Technology Laboratory Agriculture Faculty University of SumateraUtara. The research used non factorial Randomized Block Design with 3 repetition, which as mainfactor is the giving of Natural Phosphate with 9 kind of dosages, that is: 0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250,300, 350, and 400 ppm. The giving of Natural Phosphate was significant to the phosphorus sorptionwith the best dosage is P7 (350 ppm) and pH with the best dosage is P8 (400 ppm). The examiningof P-available from the giving of natural phosphate results that the value of P-available by usingBray II and Truog method was higher than the value of P-available by using Olsen method, andthere is no appropriate value of P critical limit for each method

Synthesis and crystal structure of 1,3-bis[(3,4-dicyano)phenoxy]-4,6-dinitro-benzene, C22H8N6O6

C22H8N6O6, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 15.3939(6) Å, b = 7.3053(3) Å, c = 16.8282(6) Å, β = 91.567(3)°, V = 1891.74(13) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0510, wRref(F2) = 0.0867, T = 140(2) K

Acceptance Criteria for Critical Software Based on Testability Estimates and Test Results

Testability is defined as the probability that a program will fail a test, conditional on the program containing some fault. In this paper, we show that statements about the testability of a program can be more simply described in terms of assumptions on the probability distribution of the failure intensity of the program. We can thus state general acceptance conditions in clear mathematical terms using Bayesian inference. We develop two scenarios, one for software for which the reliability requirements are that the software must be completely fault-free, and another for requirements stated as an upper bound on the acceptable failure probability

The PreAmplifier ShAper for the ALICE TPC-Detector

In this paper the PreAmplifier ShAper (PASA) for the Time Projection Chamber (TPC) of the ALICE experiment at LHC is presented. The ALICE TPC PASA is an ASIC that integrates 16 identical channels, each consisting of Charge Sensitive Amplifiers (CSA) followed by a Pole-Zero network, self-adaptive bias network, two second-order bridged-T filters, two non-inverting level shifters and a start-up circuit. The circuit is optimized for a detector capacitance of 18-25 pF. For an input capacitance of 25 pF, the PASA features a conversion gain of 12.74 mV/fC, a peaking time of 160 ns, a FWHM of 190 ns, a power consumption of 11.65 mW/ch and an equivalent noise charge of 244e + 17e/pF. The circuit recovers smoothly to the baseline in about 600 ns. An integral non-linearity of 0.19% with an output swing of about 2.1 V is also achieved. The total area of the chip is 18 mm$^2$ and is implemented in AMS's C35B3C1 0.35 micron CMOS technology. Detailed characterization test were performed on about 48000 PASA circuits before mounting them on the ALICE TPC front-end cards. After more than two years of operation of the ALICE TPC with p-p and Pb-Pb collisions, the PASA has demonstrated to fulfill all requirements