Mujeres: efecto palanca del empleo en las spin-offs universitarias

[Resumen] En las últimas décadas el número de spin-offs creadas en los sistemas universitarios se ha incrementado considerablemente. El objetivo de este trabajo es contrastar si la presencia de mujeres en el capital social de las spinoffs universitarias españolas ejerce algún efecto sobre su crecimiento. Adicionalmente se contrasta esta misma hipótesis en un grupo de empresas de control no originadas a partir de la investigación universitaria con el fin de identificar posibles diferencias en el efecto del factor mujer. n Europa dende finais do século XIX, analizamos tamén a situació

The effect of population size and technological collaboration on firms' innovation

[Abstract]: In the current knowledge economy, firms hardly innovate alone; the collaboration with other partners has become crucial for successful innovation. Literature has recently focused on two modes of collaboration: the learning-by-doing, by-using and by-interacting (DUI) and science and technology-based innovation (STI). Nevertheless, collaboration seems to be easier if firms are located in highly populated areas. This paper aims to analyse whether the population size of municipalities where firms are located influences firm innovation either in a direct way or by shaping the effect of the DUI and STI partnerships. Applying panel data methodology to a sample of 3004 Spanish manufacturing firms over the period 2009 to 2016, the results show that innovative performance benefits from STI and DUI innovation modes, especially product innovation. In contrast, location in less populated municipalities seems to have no effect on innovation, regardless of the threshold used to limit the number of inhabitants. Also, weak evidence of the moderating role of the population size on the effect of DUI and STI partnerships on firm innovation is found

What knowledge management approach do entrepreneurial universities need?

[Abtract]: This paper explores how the entrepreneurial outcomes (patents, university spin-offs, research projects and R&D contracts) of universities relate to the availability and use of information and telecommunications (IT) solutions for knowledge management (KM) over the period 2011-2014. We hypothesize that entrepreneurial universities may benefit from a good connection between knowledge infrastructure (IT solutions) and knowledge management processes for KM. We tested this hypothesis by estimating generalized least squares models and negative binomial regression models in a sample of 63 Spanish universities over the period 2011-2014. The results show that using data grouping infrastructure increases several measures of entrepreneurial outcomes of universities. Unexpectedly, institutional tools of collaborative work and data warehouse significantly decrease the number of patents. According to these results we suggest that process-oriented approaches for KM may decrease the entrepreneurial outcomes of universities. The contribution of this analysis is twofold. First, it allows a better empirical understanding of how IT solutions for KM affect the entrepreneurial outcomes of universities. Second, this analysis could guide a new design of IT solutions in order to increase these outcomes

The effect of Strategic Knowledge Management on the universities’ performance: An empirical approach

[Abstract]: Purpose. This article explores the relationship between the availability and use of IT solutions for SKM and the universities´ performance, measured in terms of scientific production. Design/methodology/approach. Drawing on the resource-based view (RBV) and the Knowledgebased theory, we develop a conceptual framework for exploring the effect of SKM based on IT on the organization’s performance that we empirically test by applying panel data methodology to a sample of 70 Spanish universities over the period 2011-2014. Findings. We confirm that the SKM based on IT influences the university’s performance. This effect is positive in the case of the IT solutions referred to the infrastructure of data grouping and more evident when the university’s performance is measured by indicators more directly related to scientific quality. Contrary to expected, the percentage of training and research staff that uses institutional tools of collaborative work is negatively related with the universities´ capacity of publication. Practical implications. We followed the system dynamics approach to identify a causal diagram and a flow sequence that lets us group universities in three different profiles in the KM flow diagram. Originality/value: First, we develop a conceptual framework for exploring the effect of SKM based on IT on the organization’s performance that could be applicable to analyse the case of other knowledgedriven organizations. Second, in contrast with the large number of studies dealing with SKM and performance focused on firms, we analyse universities. Third, our empirical approach used panel data methodology with a large sample of universities over the period 2011-2014

Sustainable university entrepreneurship: Revisiting firm growth patterns

[Abstract]: Previous research on the firm growth of the university spin-offs (USOs) and its drivers yields inconclusive results. Recently, the literature on the high-growth firms (HGFs) has relied on regression quantile methods to study how the effects of growth determinants may differ along the firm growth distribution. This study builds a bridge between the two strands of literature by exploring how firm-specific characteristics may shape sales and employment growth patterns of USOs. To this end, it applies panel data quantile regression models in a sample of 531 Spanish USOs over the period of 2001–2013. The results show that the growth drivers not only differ between employment growth and sales growth but also along the growth distributions

A gliclazide complex based on palladium towards Alzheimer's disease: promising protective activity against Aβ-induced toxicity in C. elegans

A new palladium coordination compound based on gliclazide with the chemical formula [Pd(glz)2] (where glz = gliclazide) has been synthesized and characterised. The structural characterization reveals that this material consists of mononuclear units formed by a Pd2+ ion coordinated to two molecules of the glz ligand, in which palladium ions exhibit a distorted plane-square coordination sphere. This novel material behaves like a good and selective inhibitor of butyrylcholinesterase, one of the most relevant therapeutic targets against Alzheimer’s disease. Analysis of the enzyme kinetics showed a mixed mode of inhibition, the title compound being capable of interacting with both the free enzyme and the enzyme–substrate complex. Finally, the palladium compound shows promising protective activity against Ab-induced toxicity in the Caenorhabditis elegans model, which has never been reported

Peritoneal protein transport during the baseline peritoneal equilibration test is an accurate predictor of the outcome of peritoneal dialysis patients

[Abstract] Background: Peritoneal protein excretion (PPE) is a potential marker of the outcome in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. Method: Observational study of a cohort of 269 patients starting PD in a single unit. Study variables: total PPE during a baseline peritoneal equilibration test (PET; PET-PPE) and 24-hour PPE. Control variables: essential baseline demographic, laboratory and adequacy markers. Main outcomes: mortality, cardiovascular events and risk of peritonitis. We applied univariate and multivariate strategies of survival analysis. Main Results: PET-PPE sustained a significant, yet limited correlation with 24-hour PPE (r = 0.46, p < 0.0005). At baseline, the main study variables showed an independent correlation with peritoneal transport characteristics (D/P240’ creatinine) and cardiovascular comorbidity. PET-PPE (p < 0.0005, model global χ2 59.4) was a more accurate predictor of overall mortality than 24-hour PPE (p = 0.04, χ2 50.5). Moreover, PPE during PET, but not 24-hour PPE, was an independent predictor of the risks of cardiovascular and infectious mortality, and of peritonitis. Conclusions: Baseline PPE represents a strong independent marker of survival of PD patients. Estimation of PPE during PET is more accurate than 24-hour PPE for this purpose, sustains a definite independent association with cardiovascular and infectious mortality, and shows a significant correlation with the risk of peritonitis

An Unusual Case of Locally Advanced Glycogen-Rich Clear Cell Carcinoma of the Breast

Glycogen-rich clear cell (GRCC) is a rare subtype of breast carcinoma characterized by carcinoma cells containing an optically clear cytoplasm and intracytoplasmic glycogen. We present the case of a 55-year-old woman with a palpable mass in the right breast and clinical signs of locally advanced breast cancer (LABC). The diagnosis of GRCC carcinoma was based on certain histopathological characteristics of the tumor and immunohistochemical analysis. To our knowledge, this is the first case of GRCC LABC with intratumoral calcifications. There is no evidence of recurrence or metastatic disease after 14 months’ follow-up

La afiliación al sistema de salud de personas migrantes venezolanas en Colombia

Introduction: Venezuelan migrants’ access to the health system is fundamental to their survival and future well-being. This article aims to analyze the level of affiliation to the health care system of these migrants in the urban areas in Colombia by arrival periods and the associated sociodemographic and labor factors. Methodology: To this end, quantitative analysis is done based on descriptive and inferential statistical analyses of the 2018 Gran Encuesta Integrada de Hogares, which is a representative survey for Colombia and its 13 more important urban areas. We use the modules on migration, sociodemographic variables of the household and occupation relative to the population aged 14 to 65. Results: Only 24,5% of Venezuelan migrants are affiliated with any health care provider in contrast to 93% of Colombians. The levels of affiliation diminished from 82% among Venezuelans who arrived in 2013 or before to 10% among Venezuelans who arrived in 2017-2018. Venezuelans registered in the health system are a select population in sociodemographic terms; younger, more educated, with more labor participation and higher income than the native population in Colombia. The low insertion of Venezuelan immigrants in jobs with a written contract restricts this enrollment. Conclusions: The Venezuelans in Colombia have a very limited affiliation with the health system. Even though this is a right protected by international and national legal frameworks, Venezuelans encounter economic, political, and social barriers to exercise it in Colombia

Early Salmonella Typhimurium infection in pigs disrupts Microbiome composition and functionality principally at the ileum mucosa

[EN] Salmonella is a major foodborne pathogen which successfully infects animal species for human consumption such as swine. The pathogen has a battery of virulence factors which it uses to colonise and persist within the host. The host microbiota may play a role in resistance to, and may also be indirectly responsible from some of the consequences of, Salmonella infection. To investigate this, we used 16S rRNA metagenomic sequencing to determine the changes in the gut microbiota of pigs in response to infection by Salmonella Typhimurium at three locations: ileum mucosa, ileum content and faeces. Early infection (2 days post-infection) impacted on the microbiome diversity at the mucosa, reflected in a decrease in representatives of the generally regarded as desirable genera (i.e., Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus). Severe damage in the epithelium of the ileum mucosa correlated with an increase in synergistic (with respect to Salmonella infection; Akkermansia) or opportunistically pathogenic bacteria (Citrobacter) and a depletion in anaerobic bacteria (Clostridium spp., Ruminococcus, or Dialliser). Predictive functional analysis, together with metabolomic analysis revealed changes in glucose and lipid metabolism in infected pigs. The observed changes in commensal healthy microbiota, including the growth of synergistic or potentially pathogenic bacteria and depletion of beneficial or competing bacteria, could contribute to the pathogen's ability to colonize the gut successfully. The findings from this study could be used to form the basis for further research aimed at creating intervention strategies to mitigate the effects of Salmonella infectionSIWe want to acknowledge the staff from the Genomics and Animal breeding group at the University of Córdoba for their technical support to carry out this study. This article is based upon work from COST Action FA1401 (PiGutNet), supported by COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology. This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (AGL2014-54089-R/AGL2017-87415-R). HA was funded by the PiGutNet COST action (FA1401) for a Short-Term Scientific Mission at INRA’s GABI laboratory (Jouy-en- Josas, France). SZL is a postdoctoral researcher supported by the Postdoctoral Trainee Program of the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (FPDI-2013-15619). HA is a postdoctoral researcher supported by the Juan de la Cierva Postdoctoral Trainee Program of the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (FJCI-2014-22877