Projet Neutrino - Gran Sasso: Génie Civil

Le génie civil du projet Neutrino - Gran Sasso est présenté. A partir de protons de 400 GeV/c provenant du Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) un faisceau de neutrinos est produit et dirigé vers le laboratoire souterrain Gran Sasso, en Italie, à 732 km du CERN. Les ouvrages de génie civil destinés à contenir les équipements de production du faisceau, les méthodes d'exécution, le planning et le budget sont décrits. La procédure retenue pour réaliser le predimensionnement des ouvrages, la préparation du dossier d'appel d'offres et les études d'exécution, est analysée. Le prédimensionnement des ouvrages a été déterminé par le Groupe Génie Civil du CERN et la préparation du dossier d'appel d'offres a été menée par un Consortium de deux Consultants extérieurs

V-Shape Liquid Crystal-Based Retromodulator Air to Ground Optical Communications

This paper describes the use of a 2D liquid crystal retro-modulator as a free space, wireless, optical link. The retro-modulator is made up of a retro-reflecting cornercube onto which 2 cascaded V-shape smectics liquid crystal modulators are mounted. The communication link differs with respect to more conventional optical links in not using amplitude (nor frequency) modulation, but instead state-of-polarisation (SOP) modulation known as Polarisation Shift Keying (PolSK). PolSK has the advantage over amplitude modulation, that it is less sensitive to changes in the visibility of the atmosphere, and increases inherently the bandwidth of the link. The implementation of PolSK both in liquid crystal based and in retro-modulated communication are novelties

Zircon to monazite phase transition in CeVO4

X-ray diffraction and Raman-scattering measurements on cerium vanadate have been performed up to 12 and 16 GPa, respectively. Experiments reveal that at 5.3 GPa the onset of a pressure-induced irreversible phase transition from the zircon to the monazite structure. Beyond this pressure, diffraction peaks and Raman-active modes of the monazite phase are measured. The zircon to monazite transition in CeVO4 is distinctive among the other rare-earth orthovanadates. We also observed softening of external translational Eg and internal B2g bending modes. We attributed it to mechanical instabilities of zircon phase against the pressure-induced distortion. We additionally report lattice-dynamical and total-energy calculations which are in agreement with the experimental results. Finally, the effect of non-hydrostatic stresses on the structural sequence is studied and the equations of state of different phases are reported.Comment: 45 pages, 8 figures, 8 table

Thermal and phase transformations analysis in a PREMOMET® steel

Thermal analysis in a PREMOMET® steel has been performed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and highresolution dilatometry. The phase transformation temperatures (Ac1, Ac3, Ms and Mf) of this steel were obtained by the two methods at different heating rates showing good agreement between both techniques. The enthalpy of α-γ transformation for this steel was measured using the thermograms acquired by DSC and microstructure was analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results showed that this steel retained a martensitic structure for all conditions

Понимание внутри языковых барьеров

The number of differences and similarities between the languages of people who are not native from a destination country are many. One of the biggest challenges of all of them is the understanding and acquisition of a language which leads to diverse models and ideas with no taking into account neither economic nor social backgrounds. This paper aims to clarify the concept of linguistic barriers, why so many models exist around this matter, the actual situation, impressions to clarify basic problems and a conclusion of the problem based on perspective judgments.Количество языковых сходств и различий людей, находящихся за пределами родной страны, весьма велико. Одним из величайших вызовов из этого числа является понимание и обретение языка, что ведет к различным моделям и идеям, помимо экономических или социальных оснований. Эта статья нацелена на прояснение понятия языковых барьеров, равно как и причин существования множества моделей по этому поводу, а также актуальной ситуации и впечатлений, способных прояснить персп5ективы этой проблемы

Does abscisic acid affect strigolactone biosynthesis?

Strigolactones are considered a novel class of plant hormones that, in addition to their endogenous signalling function, are exuded into the rhizosphere acting as a signal to stimulate hyphal branching of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and germination of root parasitic plant seeds. Considering the importance of the strigolactones and their biosynthetic origin (from carotenoids), we investigated the relationship with the plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA). Strigolactone production and ABA content in the presence of specific inhibitors of oxidative carotenoid cleavage enzymes and in several tomato ABA-deficient mutants were analysed by LC-MS/MS. In addition, the expression of two genes involved in strigolactone biosynthesis was studied. * • The carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase (CCD) inhibitor D2 reduced strigolactone but not ABA content of roots. However, in abamineSG-treated plants, an inhibitor of 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (NCED), and the ABA mutants notabilis, sitiens and flacca, ABA and strigolactones were greatly reduced. The reduction in strigolactone production correlated with the downregulation of LeCCD7 and LeCCD8 genes in all three mutants. * • The results show a correlation between ABA levels and strigolactone production, and suggest a role for ABA in the regulation of strigolactone biosynthesis