Análisis De La Efectividad Del Control Interno Disciplinario En La Contraloría General De La República

In accordance with the normative guidelines that establish the objectives of the civil service with regard to discipline, its difficulties in their application and efficacity concerning the internal control of the Comptroller General of the Republic appear worrying, suggesting that the objectives of the State are not being fulfilled as required by the 1991 Constitution. Specifically, Article 2 in the Colombian Political Charter addresses the State objectives, and Article 267 ibidem indicates what constitutes the functions and importance of the Comptroller General of the Republic, while Law 734 of 2002 repealed by Law 1952 of 2019 and modified by Law 2094 of 2021 all deal with the regime and internal disciplinary control of state entities. In this light, it is important to study how the Comptroller General of the Republic conducts internal discipline to determine whether it abides by the guidelines established in the Constitution and the aforementioned laws, as well as determine the purpose of the investigations, starting with the investigative phase through to the final decision. This research paper aims to investigate the objectives of the civil service in this disciplinary area, analyze the application and efficacy of the internal control of state entities, and determine the context of application and efficacy regarding the internal control of the Office of the Comptroller General of the Republic.Conforme a las directrices normativas que establece los fines de la función pública en el área disciplinaria, resulta preocupante que el mismo tiene dificultades en su aplicación y efectividad con respecto al control interno de la Contraloría General de la República, lo cual da una noción de que los fines del Estado no se cumplen tal como lo ordena la Constitución de 1991 Al respecto, la Carta Política colombiana en su Artículo 2º trata sobre los fines del Estado, así como el Artículo 267 ibidem señala as cuáles son las funciones e importancia de la Contraloría General de la República, por su parte, la Ley 734 de 2002 derogada por la Ley 1952 de 2019 y modificada por la Ley 2094 del 2021 tratan sobre el régimen y control interno disciplinario de las entidades estatales. En este sentido, resulta importante efectuar un estudio referente respecto al control interno disciplinario que se lleva a cabo en la Contraloría General de la República, para determinar si cumple con la efectividad relacionada a las pautas establecidas por la Constitución y las leyes mencionadas, así como a cuál es el fin que tienen esas investigaciones, con una mirada desde su la fase indagatoria hasta una decisión final. De esta forma, el manuscrito pretende estudiar los fines de la función pública en el área disciplinaria; analizar la aplicación y efectividad del control interno de las entidades estatales y determinar el contexto de aplicación y efectividad con respecto al control interno de la Contraloría General de la República

Implementación de la metodología 5s, en la línea de wafer de la empresa Machu Picchu Foods S.A.C, con la finalidad de mejorar la gestión empresarial

RESUMEN La idea del trabajo parte de la experiencia, como trabajador hemos acumulado en la empresa que actualmente laboramos en la implementación de las 5S. La metodología de 5S es considerada como una de las herramientas básicas para maximizar la eficiencia en los lugares de trabajo, elevar la calidad de los productos a menor costo, eliminar los riesgos de accidentes y cumplir con los tiempos de entrega. Este trabajo que se presenta a continuación, está basado en la aplicación de herramientas de mejora continua 5S, en una línea de wafer bañado de la empresa Machu Picchu Foods SAC. El trabajo en la primera parte, describe el proceso productivo del producto que elabora la línea elegida donde se va implementar las 5S. Posteriormente se detalla las actividades realizadas durante la implementación, mostrando los resultados de la ejecución en los pasos implementados, así como los inconvenientes que se tuvo durante este proceso y finalmente se presentan las respectivas, conclusiones y recomendaciones.ABSTRACT The idea of the work starts from the experience that as a worker we have accumulated in the company that we currently work, in the implementation of the 5S. The 5S methodology is considered as one of the basic tools to maximize efficiency in the workplace, raise the quality of products at lower cost, eliminate the risks of accidents and meet delivery times. This work, which is presented below, is based on the application of 5S continuous improvement tools in a wafer bathed line of the company Machu Picchu Foods SAC. The work in the first part, describes the production process of the product that elaborates the chosen line where the 5S will be implemented. Afterwards, the activities carried out during the implementation are detailed, showing the results of the implementation in the implemented steps, as well as the inconveniences that occurred during this process and finally the respective conclusions and recommendations are presented

A holistic methodology to study geochemical and geomorphological control of the distribution of potentially toxic elements in soil

Control of Potentially Toxic Elements (PTEs) in soil-polluted areas is needed to address the potential risk that pollution poses to public health and the environment. This study describes an innovative holistic methodology to assess the distribution of PTEs. It is based on the application of multi-variate statistical and geostatistical algorithms, soil pollution indices and geochemical & geomorphological/climate variables (element concentration, watercourses, winds, slope, orientation and visibility). The methodology proposed is exemplified through a comprehensive soil sampling in an area surrounding a former As-Hg mine that presents several sources of pollutants (abandoned mining spoil heaps, metallurgical waste, old chimneys, etc.). Factor analysis identified four main pollutants of concern: Hg, As, Pb and Sb. The mobility of the most abundant PTEs, especially As, and, to a minor extent, Hg, showed a clear influence of climatic/geomorphological variables. Moreover, the pollution indices confirmed that although the soils in the areas around the spoil heaps contain higher concentrations of the pollutants, the influence of the chimneys is present in the whole study area and depends on factors such as orientation and visibility. In contrast, the fingerprint of the spoil heaps showed a PTE distribution more associated with the slope factor and the presence of watercourses eroding the heaps. All things considered, the methodology proposed revealed PTE sources and distribution in a highly complex site and may therefore find application in similar scenarios of contamination.Boente, C., Baragaño, D., García-González, N., Forján, R., Colina, A., & Gallego, J. R. (2022). A holistic methodology to study geochemical and geomorphological control of the distribution of potentially toxic elements in soil. In CATENA (Vol. 208, p. 105730). Elsevier BV. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2021.10573

Vertical ridge augmentation of fibula flap in mandibular reconstruction: a comparison between vertical distraction, double-barrel flap, and iliac crest graft

© 2020. The authors. This document is made available under the CC-BY 4.0 license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by /4.0/ This document is the published version of a published work that appeared in final form in Journal of Clinical MedicineDouble-barrel flap, vertical distraction and iliac crest graft are used to reconstruct the vertical height of the fibula. Twenty-four patients with fibula flap were reconstructed comparing these techniques (eight patients in each group) in terms of height of bone, bone resorption, implant success rate and the effects of radiotherapy. The increase in vertical bone with vertical distraction, double-barrel flap and iliac crest was 12.5 ± 0.78 mm, 18.5 ± 0.5 mm, and 17.75 ± 0.6 mm, (p < 0.001). The perimplant bone resorption was 2.31 ± 0.12 mm, 1.23 ± 0.09 mm and 1.43 ± 0.042 mm (p < 0.001), respectively. There were significant differences in vertical bone reconstruction and bone resorption between double-barrel flap and vertical distraction and between iliac crest and vertical distraction (p < 0.001). The study did not show significant differences in implant failure (p = 0.346). Radiotherapy did not affect vertical bone reconstruction (p = 0.125) or bone resorption (p = 0.237) but it showed higher implant failure in radiated patients (p = 0.015). The double-barrel flap and iliac crest graft showed better stability in the height of bone and less bone resorption and higher implant success rates compared with vertical distraction. Radiation therapy did not affect the vertical bone reconstruction but resulted in a higher implant failure

Using Tic-Tac software to reduce anxiety-related behaviour in adults with autism and learning difficulties during waiting periods: A pilot study

Deficits in the perception of time and processing of changes across time are commonly observed in individuals with autism. This pilot study evaluated the efficacy of the use of the software tool Tic-Tac, designed to make time visual, in three adults with autism and learning difficulties. This research focused on applying the tool in waiting situations where the participants exhibited anxiety-related behaviour. The intervention followed a baseline and intervention (AB) design, and a partial interval recording procedure was used to code the presence of stereotypes, nervous utterances, wandering or other examples of nervousness during the selected waiting situations. The results showed that the use of Tic-Tac resulted in lower levels of anxiety-related behaviour in all three participants, compared to the baseline, suggesting that this software may be an effective technology for helping people with autism with organisation and predictability during waiting periods. The results are discussed in terms of limitations and implications for further study.This study was supported by the Orange Foundation in Spain and the Spanish Ministry for Industry, Commerce and Tourism (grant number PDM-2006-010) through Avanza Program

Clinical and Surgical Outcomes in Extensive Scalp Reconstruction after Oncologic Resection: A Comparison of Anterolateral Thigh, Latissimus Dorsi and Omental Free Flaps

Microsurgical scalp reconstruction is indicated in patients with large scalp defects. The aim of this study was to compare the outcomes of scalp reconstruction in oncologic patients reconstructed with latissimus dorsi (LD), anterolateral thigh (ALT), and omental (OM) free flaps. Thirty oncologic patients underwent scalp reconstruction with LD (10), ALT (11), and OM (9) flaps. The length of the vascular pedicle, the operation time, the possibility of a two-team approach, the length of hospital stays, the complications, and the aesthetic results were evaluated. The OM flap was the flap with the shortest vascular pedicle length with a mean of 6.26 ± 0.16 cm, compared to the LD flap, which was 12.34 ± 0.55 cm and the ALT flap with 13.20 ± 0.26 cm (p 0.05). As for complications, two patients reconstructed with OM flap, five LT flaps, and two ALT flaps developed complications, not statistically significant (p = 0.235). Omental flap, latissimus dorsi flap, and anterolateral thigh flap fulfill most of the characteristics for complex scalp reconstruction. The decision on which flap to use should be based on clinical aspects of the patients taking into account that the three flaps show similar rates of complications and length of hospital stay. Regarding the aesthetic outcome, OM flap or LD flap should be considered for reconstruction of extensive scalp defects

Severity of radiation pneumonitis, from clinical, dosimetric and biological features: a pilot study

Background and objective: Radiation pneumonitis (RP) could be a lethal complication of lung cancer treatment. No reliable predictors of RP severity have been recognized. This prospective pilot study was performed to identify early predictors of high grade lung toxicity and to evaluate clinical, biological or dosimetric features associated with different grades of toxicity. Method: Sixteen patients with non‐small cell lung cancer with indication of concurrent chemoradiotherapy using 60 Gy/2 Gy/fraction starting at cycle one of platinum based chemotherapy were included. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), pulmonary function testing (PFT), and 18F‐2‐fluoro‐2‐deoxy‐D‐glucose positron‐emission tomography was per‐ formed before radiotherapy (RT), after three weeks of treatment, and two months post‐RT. For analysis, patients were grouped by grade (low [G1‐G2] vs. high [G3‐G5]). The two groups were compared to identify predictors of RP. Protein expression BAL and lung tissue metabolism was evaluated in two patients (RP‐G1 vs. RP‐G3). Categorical variables such as comorbidities, stages and locations were summarized as percentages. Radiation doses, pulmonary function values and time to RP were summarized by medians with ranges or as means with standard deviation. Longitudinal analysis PFT was performed by a T‐test. Results: All 16 patients developed RP, as follows: G1 (5 pts; 31.3%); G2 (5 pts; 31.3%); G3 (5 pts; 31.3%); and G5 (1 pts; 6.1%). Patients with high grade RP presented significant decrease (p = 0.02) in diffusing lung capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) after three weeks of RT. No correlation between dosimetric values and RP grades was observed. BAL analysis of the selected patients showed that CXCL‐1, CD154, IL‐1ra, IL‐23, MIF, PAI‐1 and IFN‐γ were overexpressed in the lungs of the RP‐G3 patient, even before treatment. The pre‐RT SUVmax value in the RP‐G3 patient was non‐ significantly higher than in the patient with RP‐G1. Conclusions: RT induces some degree of RP. Our data suggest that decrease in DLCO% is the most sensitive param‐ eter for the early detection of RP. Moreover, we detect biological differences between the two grades of pneumonitis, highlighting the potential value of some cytokines as a prognostic marker for developing high grade lung toxicity. Further multicenter studies with larger sample size are essential to validate these findings

Evaluación actual y propuestas para el desarrollo urbano en México

La revista Problemas del Desarrollo recoge en su colección de ediciones especiales las disertaciones y ponencias que se presentan en los seminarios, simposia y conferencias a que convoca y realiza anualmente el Instituto de Investigaciones Económicas de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. El propósito es contribuir a la mayor difusión de textos de contenido analítico, descriptivo y propositivo que se presentan en tales actos y que tienen gran valor para el mejor conocimiento y comprensión de la estructura y problemática económica y social de nuestro país. Pero también la revista quiere convertirse en foro abierto para la expresión de comentarios y ampliaciones que deseen hacer los lectores de estas ediciones especiales sobre temas particulares de los comprendidos en cada uno de sus libros. Estos aportes, por lo tanto, serán muy bien recibidos. Para ello, solo se requiere que los lectores los remitan, por escrito, al Instituto de Investigaciones Económicas, Torre II de Humanidades, Ciudad Universitaria

Intraosseous Squamous Cell Carcinoma Associated with Denosumab-Induced Osteonecrosis of the Jaw

Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) has been associated with the use of different drugs administered in the treatment of malignant neoplasms or metastases and in antiresorptive therapies. Since 2010, denosumab, a monoclonal antibody whose mechanism of action is to prevent the activation of the RANK receptor on the surface of osteoclasts, has been associated with osteonecrosis of the jaw. Primary intraosseous squamous cell carcinoma (PIOSCC) is a rare neoplasm characterised by the presence of squamous cells within the maxillary or mandibular bone without an initial clinical association with the oral mucosa. We present a case of a PIOSCC in an osteonecrosis of the jaw related to a patient who received antiresorptive treatment with denosumab outlining the clinical and histopathological features of MRONJ and PIOSCC

Detección molecular de coronavirus bovino asociado al complejo respiratorio bovino en ganado de engorda del valle de Mexicali, Baja California, México

The bovine respiratory complex (BRC) is the leading cause of disease and death in beef cattle worldwide. It is a multifactorial infectious syndrome caused by different viruses and bacteria that reduce the productive efficiency and cause economic losses. In Mexico, BRC has been reported in all regions where cattle are fattened; however, these reports lack information on the presence of bovine respiratory coronavirus (BCV). This makes it necessary to have reliable and accurate diagnostic tools for detecting the presence of BCV in beef cattle fattened in Mexico, in order to propose appropriate sanitary measures for their clinical management. In this work, a real-time-PCR molecular diagnostic platform (rt-PCR) was developed to amplify a fragment of the BCV S protein in nasal exudate samples. When applying the rt-PCR platform for BCV in seemingly healthy beef cattle with signs of respiratory disease associated to BRC, 19/50 (38 %) were found to be positive, confirming the presence of this virus in the cattle of the region. The results of this work constitute the first report on the presence of the BCV associated to the BRC in the cattle region of northwestern Mexico and establish the bases for future research about the role that this virus plays in the presentation of the pathology of the BRC in beef cattle exploitation systems in this region and across the country.El complejo respiratorio bovino (CRB) es la principal causa de enfermedad y muerte en el ganado de engorda en todo el mundo. Es un síndrome infeccioso multifactorial provocado por distintos virus y bacterias que disminuyen la eficiencia productiva y ocasionan pérdidas económicas. En México, el CRB se ha reportado en todas las regiones donde se engorda ganado; sin embargo, esos reportes carecen de información sobre la presencia del coronavirus respiratorio bovino (CVB), haciendo necesario contar con herramientas de diagnóstico confiables y precisas para detectar la presencia de CVB en el ganado que se engorda en México, para proponer las medidas sanitarias apropiadas para su manejo clínico. En este trabajo, se desarrolló una plataforma de diagnóstico molecular de PCR en tiempo real (rt-PCR) que amplifica un fragmento de la proteína S del CVB en muestras de exudado nasal. Al aplicar la plataforma rt-PCR para CVB en bovinos de engorda en aparente estado de salud y con signos de enfermedad respiratoria asociados a CRB se encontró que 19/50 (38 %) resultaron positivos, confirmando la presencia de ese virus en el ganado de la región. Los resultados de este trabajo significan el primer reporte sobre la presencia del CVB asociado al CRB en la región ganadera del noroeste de México y sienta las bases para futuras investigaciones sobre papel que juega este virus en la presentación de la patología del CRB en los sistemas de explotación de bovinos de engorda en nuestra región y el país