Spent Oyster Mushroom Substrate in a Mix with Organic Soil for Plant Pot Cultivation

Disposal of spent mushroom substrates can pose a problem to the environment. The reuse in crop production by its recycling as an ingredient of growing mixes would provide an environmentally safe disposition. We show the use of Pleurotus Pleurotus sp. spent substrate, sp. spent substrate, obtained after cultivation on a sunfl ower seed hulls based substrate and mixed with organic soil from local nurseries. Salvia offi cinalis Salvia offi cinalis was used to study plant growth in was used to study plant growth in pot cultivation under greenhouse conditions. Treatments were: C, control (soil used in a local nursery); T1, soil : Pleurotus Pleurotus spent substrate (2:1 v/v); and T2, equivalent to T1, but spent substrate (2:1 v/v); and T2, equivalent to T1, but using washed Pleurotus Pleurotus spent substrate in order to reduce its salt content. T1 substrate spent substrate in order to reduce its salt content. T1 substrate had 3.3 times higher electrical conductivity (7 mS cm-1) than that of the control, which is high for the growth of most plants. Air porosity was greater in T1 (7.4%) and T2 (10.2%) than the control (2.8%). The content of certain nutrients also increased with regard to the control, such as phosphorus and sulphur (T1 and T2 substrates), as well as potassium (T1 substrate). After growing 29 days on T1 substrate, plants showed a marked increase in biomass (ca. 21%, p < 0.05) and some minerals compared to the control. T2 plants grew poorly, possibly because of nitrogen defi cit. T1 substrate was adequate to sustain the growth of S. offi cinalis S. offi cinalis plants in pots, by improving air porosity and mineral content.Fil: López Castro, Ramón Ignacio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida; ArgentinaFil: Delmastro, Silvia Elena. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida; ArgentinaFil: Curvetto, Nestor Raul. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Agronomía; Argentin

Applications of mushrooms residual substrate in horticultural production

El cultivo de hongos comestibles y medicinales crece y a su paso genera considerables volúmenes de sustrato degradado por hongos (SDH). Dicho cultivo implica una fermentación en estado sólido(FES), con aparición de metabolitos fúngicos y la consecuente biodegradación de materiales lignocelulósicos. La FES acelera la mineralización de la materia orgánica; como resultado, el SDH final es más estable que el sustrato original. Las propiedades del SDH dependen en gran medida de si, previo a la inoculación del hongo, el sustrato es compostado o sólo descontaminado. El primer caso aplica a hongos más exigentes en cuanto a componentes orgánicos de la materia. El segundo, a especies más adaptables a diferentes materiales, a su vez las más adoptadas por pequeños y medianos productores. Finalizado el cultivo, el SDH se retira del lugar de producción. Dependiendo de su uso ulterior, habrá que disponerlo bajo ciertas condiciones de almacenamiento y adecuación fisico química. Para su uso en horticultura es especialmente necesaria la reducción del tamaño de partícula y la dilución del exceso de sales. Esta revisión tiene como objetivo general poner en relieve el potencial de los SDH como recurso valioso. En particular, se describen sus propiedades físicas y químicas y sus aplicaciones en sistemas de producción hortícola. Entre éstas destacan: sustrato para plantines, enmienda de suelos y biofertilizante.The cultivation of edible and medicinal mushrooms generates large volumes of substrate degraded by fungi (SDF). Mushroom cultivation implies a solid-state fermentation (SSF) with production of fungal metabolites and the consequent biodegradation of lignocellulosic materials. SSF accelerates organic matter mineralization; therefore, at the end of the cultivation cycle, SDH has greater stability than the original substrate. SDF properties depend largely on whether prior to inoculation of the mushroom species, the starting substrate is composted or just decontaminated. In the first case, the cultivated mushroom species are more substrate-sensitive. In the latter, the mushroom species used are more substrateadaptable, and are the most widely adopted by small and medium-sized producers as well. After mushroom cultivation, SDF is removed from the production site. Henceforth, depending on its further use, certain storage conditions should be observed, and physical and/or chemical conditioning is usually needed. In horticulture, particle size reduction and dilution of excess salts, by mixing with other materials or leaching, are especially required. The aim of this review is to highlight SDF’s potential as a valuable resource. Particularly, the physical and chemical properties of SDF reported in the literature are summarized, and its different uses evaluated in horticultural systems are described. Among these are: substrate for seedlings, soil amendment and biofertilizer.Fil: Postemsky, Pablo Daniel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiarida. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiarida; ArgentinaFil: López Castro, Ramón Ignacio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiarida. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiarida; Argentin

Assessment of time intervals in the pathway to oral cancer diagnosis in north-westerm Spain. Relative contribution of patient interval

Despite continuous advances in diagnosis and therapy, oral cancers are mostly diagnosed at advanced stages with minor survival improvements in the last two decades. Both phenomena have been attributed to delays in the diagnosis. This study aims at quantifying the time elapsed until definitive diagnosis in these patients and the patient interval?s contribution. A hospital-based, ambispective, observational study was undertaken on incident cases with a pathological diagnosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma recruited during 2015 at the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery services of CHUAC (A Coruña) and POVISA (Vigo) hospitals. 74 consecutive oral cancer patients (59.5% males; median age: 65.0 years (IQ:57-74)) were studied. Most cases (52.7%; n=39) were at advanced stages (TNM III-IV) at diagnosis. The period since first sign/symptom until the patient seeks health care was the longest interval in the pathway to diagnosis and treatment (median: 31.5 days; IQR= 7.0 ? 61.0) and represents >60% of the interval since symptom onset until referral to specialised care (pre-referral interval). The average interval assigned to the patient resulted to be relatively larger than the time elapsed since the patient is seen at primary care until a definitive diagnosis is reached (diagnostic interval). Median of the referral interval for primary care professionals: 6.5 days (IQR= 0.0 ? 49.2) and accounts for 35% (19% - 51%) of the diagnostic interval. The patient interval is the main component of the pathway to treatment since the detection of a bodily change until the definitive diagnosis. Therefore, strategies focused on risk groups to shorten this interval should be implemented in order to ease an early diagnosis of symptomatic oral cancer

Discovery of Colossal Breathing-Caloric Effect under Low Applied Pressure in the Hybrid Organic–Inorganic MIL-53(Al) Material

Financiado para publicación en acceso aberto: Universidade da Coruña/CISUG[Abstract] In this work, “breathing-caloric” effect is introduced as a new term to define very large thermal changes that arise from the combination of structural changes and gas adsorption processes occurring during breathing transitions. In regard to cooling and heating applications, this innovative caloric effect appears under very low working pressures and in a wide operating temperature range. This phenomenon, whose origin is analyzed in depth, is observed and reported here for the first time in the porous hybrid organic–inorganic MIL-53(Al) material. This MOF compound exhibits colossal thermal changes of ΔS ∼ 311 J K–1 kg–1 and ΔH ∼ 93 kJ kg–1 at room temperature (298 K) and under only 16 bar, pressure which is similar to that of common gas refrigerants at the same operating temperature (for instance, p(CO2) ∼ 64 bar and p(R134a) ∼ 6 bar) and noticeably lower than p > 1000 bar of most solid barocaloric materials. Furthermore, MIL-53(Al) can operate in a very wide temperature range from 333 K down to 254 K, matching the operating requirements of most HVAC systems. Therefore, these findings offer new eco-friendly alternatives to the current refrigeration systems that can be easily adapted to existing technologies and open the door to the innovation of future cooling systems yet to be developed.This work was financially supported by Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad MINECO and EU-FEDER (projects MAT2017-86453-R and PDC2021-121076-I00), Xunta de Galicia and IACOBUS Programme. Funding for open access fee was provided by Universidade da Coruña/CISU

Diseño, modelización, construcción y ensayo de una estructura como actividad docente

En la enseñanza de la disciplina del Cálculo de Estructuras (CE) los conceptos teóricos y su aplicación práctica deben ir coordinados. Esto permitirá al estudiante avanzar en el aprendizaje de la materia que el profesor imparte. Como actividad docente complementaria a las clases de teoría y práctica, el Departamento de Ingeniería Civil (DIC), perteneciente a la Escuela Politécnica Superior, de la Universidad de Alicante realiza anualmente un Concurso de Estructuras que se encuentra en su XIV Edición. En él pueden participar estudiantes matriculados en asignaturas de CE impartidas por el DIC. A través del Concurso de Estructuras los estudiantes aprenden a diseñar, calcular, comprobar, construir y ensayar una potencial estructura real a escala. Con ello se fomenta la creatividad, ingenio y destreza del estudiante ante el reto de llevar a la práctica los conceptos aprendidos en clase. Los estudiantes participantes en anteriores ediciones han expresado satisfacción y una valoración positiva sobre esta experiencia docente. Un aspecto a mejorar en próximas ediciones sería el de conseguir una participación menos irregular y escasa para el amplio número de estudiantes a quienes se dirige

Red de investigación en docencia de cálculo de estructuras i en el grado de arquitectura técnica

En este trabajo se presenta la memoria de la RED DE INVESTIGACIÓN EN DOCENCIA DE DE CÁLCULO DE ESTRUCTURAS I EN EL GRADO DE ARQUITECTURA TÉCNICA, desarrollada dentro de la convocatoria de proyectos realizada por el Instituto de Ciencias de la Educación en el presente curso académico 2015-16 en su MODALIDAD II: Redes de Investigación en docencia universitaria de libre conformación-EEES. Durante este curso académico se han revisado los materiales necesarios para la docencia teórica y práctica. También se han preparado otros materiales nuevos para la evaluación de los estudiantes partiendo o adaptando los ya existentes de cursos anteriores. Se ha organizado una actividad docente complementaria para fijar los conceptos teóricos y prácticos vistos en el aula. Por último se ha revisado la guía docente para el próximo curso siguiendo la nueva normativa interna de la Universidad de Alicante. Previamente se han analizado los contenidos de la asignatura, las capacidades que deben alcanzar los estudiantes y los materiales existentes hasta el momento con el fin de analizar, en su caso, los cambios necesarios y diseñar las nuevas modificaciones de los materiales docentes

Influence of Sex on Stroke Prognosis: A Demographic, Clinical, and Molecular Analysis

Identifying the complexities of the effect of sex on stroke risk, etiology, and lesion progression may lead to advances in the treatment and care of ischemic stroke (IS) and non-traumatic intracerebral hemorrhage patients (ICH). We studied the sex-related discrepancies on the clinical course of patients with IS and ICH, and we also evaluated possible molecular mechanisms involved. The study's main variable was the patient's functional outcome at 3-months. Logistic regression models were used in order to study the influence of sex on different inflammatory, endothelial and atrial dysfunction markers. We recruited 5,021 patients; 4,060 IS (54.8% male, 45.2% female) and 961 ICH (57.1% male, 42.9% female). Women were on average 5.7 years older than men (6.4 years in IS, 5.1 years in ICH), and more likely to have previous poor functional status, to suffer atrial fibrillation and to be on anticoagulants. IS patients showed sex-related differences at 3-months regarding poorer outcome (55.6% women, 43.6% men, p &lt; 0.0001), but this relationship was not found in ICH (56.8% vs. 61.9%, p = 0.127). In IS, women had higher levels of NT-proBNP and 3-months worse outcome in both cardioembolic and non-cardioembolic stroke patients. Stroke patients showed sex-related differences in pre-hospital data, clinical variables and molecular markers, but only IS patients presented independent sex-related differences in 3-months poor outcome and mortality. There was a relationship between the molecular marker of atrial dysfunction NT-proBNP and worse functional outcome in women, resulting in a possible indicator of increased dysfunction

The OTELO survey. A case study of [O III]4959,5007 emitters at <z> = 0.83

The OTELO survey is a very deep, blind exploration of a selected region of the Extended Groth Strip and is designed for finding emission-line sources (ELSs). The survey design, observations, data reduction, astrometry, and photometry, as well as the correlation with ancillary data used to obtain a final catalogue, including photo-z estimates and a preliminary selection of ELS, were described in a previous contribution. Here, we aim to determine the main properties and luminosity function (LF) of the [O III] ELS sample of OTELO as a scientific demonstration of its capabilities, advantages, and complementarity with respect to other surveys. The selection and analysis procedures of ELS candidates obtained using tunable filter (TF) pseudo-spectra are described. We performed simulations in the parameter space of the survey to obtain emission-line detection probabilities. Relevant characteristics of [O III] emitters and the LF([O III]), including the main selection biases and uncertainties, are presented. A total of 184 sources were confirmed as [O III] emitters at a mean redshift z=0.83. The minimum detectable line flux and equivalent width (EW) in this ELS sample are $\sim$5 $\times$ 10$^{-19}$ erg s$^{-1}$ cm$^{2}$ and $\sim$6 \AA, respectively. We are able to constrain the faint-end slope ($\alpha = -1.03\pm0.08$) of the observed LF([O III]) at z=0.83. This LF reaches values that are approximately ten times lower than those from other surveys. The vast majority (84\%) of the morphologically classified [O III] ELSs are disc-like sources, and 87\% of this sample is comprised of galaxies with stellar masses of M$_\star$ $<$ 10$^{10}$ M$_{\odot}$.Comment: v1: 16 pages, 6 figures. Accepted in Astronomy \& Astrophysics. v2: Author added in metadat

The OTELO survey II. The faint-end of the Hα luminosity function at z ∼ 0.40

ABSTRACT: Aims. We take advantage of the capability of the OTELO survey to obtain the Hα luminosity function (LF) at z∼0.40. Because of the deepest coverage of OTELO, we are able to determine the faint end of the LF, and thus better constrain the star formation rate and the number of galaxies at low luminosities. The AGN contribution to this LF is estimated as well. Methods. We make use of the multiwavelength catalogue of objects in the field compiled by the OTELO survey, which is unique in terms of minimum flux and equivalent width. We also take advantage of the pseudo-spectra built for each source, which allow the identification of emission lines and the discrimination of different types of objects. Results. The Hα luminosity function at z∼0.40 is obtained, which extends the current faint end by almost 1 dex, reaching minimal luminosities of log10 Llim=38.5 erg s−1 (or ∼0.002 M yr−1). The AGN contribution to the total Hα luminosity is estimated. We find that no AGN should be expected below a luminosity of log10 L=38.6 erg s−1. From the sample of non-AGN (presumably, pure SFG) at z∼0.40 we estimated a star formation rate density of ρSFR = 0.012 ± 0.005 M yr−1 Mpc−3This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) under the grants AYA2013-46724-P, AYA2014-58861-C3-1-P, AYA2014-58861-C3-2-P, AYA2014-58861-C3-3-P, AYA2016-75808-R, AYA2016-75931-C2-2-P, AYA2017-88007-C3-1-P, and AYA2017-88007-C3-2-

The OTELO survey III. Demography, morphology, IR luminosity and environment of AGN hosts

ABSTRACT: Aims. We take advantage of the capabilities of the OSIRIS Tunable Emission Line Object (OTELO) survey to select and study the AGN population in the field. In particular, we aim to perform an analysis of the properties of these objects, including their demography, morphology, and IR luminosity. Focusing on the population of Hα emitters at z∼0.4, we also aim to study the environments of AGN and non-AGN galaxies at that redshift. methods. We make use of the multiwavelength catalogue of objects in the field compiled by the OTELO survey, unique in terms of minimum flux and equivalent width. We also take advantage of the pseudo-spectra built for each source, which allow the identification of emission lines and the discrimination of different types of objects. Results. We obtained a sample of 72 AGNs in the field of OTELO, selected with four different methods in the optical, X-rays, and mid-infrared bands. We find that using X-rays is the most efficient way to select AGNs. An analysis was performed on the AGN population of OTELO in order to characterise its members. At z∼0.4, we find that up to 26% of our Hα emitters are AGNs. At that redshift, AGNs are found in identical environments to non-AGNs, although they represent the most clustered group when compared to passive and star-forming galaxies. The majority of our AGNs at any redshift were classified as late-type galaxies, including a 16% proportion of irregulars. Another 16% of AGNs show signs of interactions or mergers. Regarding the infrared luminosity, we are able to recover all the luminous infrared galaxies (LIRGs) in the field of OTELO up to z∼1.6. We find that the proportion of LIRGs and ultra-luminous infraed galaxies (ULIRGs) is higher among the AGN population, and that ULIRGs show a higher fraction of AGNs than LIRGs.This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) under the grants AYA2013-46724 P, AYA2013-42227-P, AYA2014-58861-C3-1-P, AYA2014-58861-C3-2-P, AYA2014-58861-C3-3-P, AYA2016-75808-R, AYA2016-75931-C2-1-P, AYA2016-75931-C2-2-P, AYA2016-76682C3-1-P, AYA2017-88007-C3-1-P and AYA2017-88007-C3-2-P