Impact of the 2007 financial crisis on the Malaysian banking stocks

The objective of this study is to examine whether the current global financial crisis has impacted the Malaysian banking stocks. The Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA) was used as a proxy for the crisis and it was ascertained that there was a strong relationship between the DJIA and the Kuala Lumpur Composite Index (KLCI).Statistical analysis was then performed on the KLCI and selected banking stocks which indicated that there was a strong and positive correlation between the two variables. The findings support the aim of this study - that the 2007-2008 financial crisis has indeed impacted the Malaysian banking stocks

Antimicrobial study of Arjuna Terminalia loaded PLGA nanoparticle

291-297The bark of Terminilia Arjuna is known for its numerous health benefits in traditional system of medicine. Nanotechnology based delivery system have added advantages of action at targeted location and improved cellular uptake. In the present paper, polymeric nanoparticles of methanolic extract of Terminilia Arjuna (Arjun ki chhal) were synthesized by using solvent evaporation method. The synthesized polymeric nanoparticles were further characterized using SEM, TEM, XRD, FTIR followed by evaluation of antimicrobial activity. The SEM images showed spherical shaped nanoparticles. Further TEM images revealed that particles of size as small as 50-75 nm are formed. PLGA encapsulated nanoparticles shows entrapment efficiency as high as 96.8% and percentage yield comes out to be 45.3. Antimicrobial study using cup-plate method was carried out using two strains of gram (+) bacteria S. aureus and B. pumilus and two strains of gram (-) bacteria E. Coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa which shows MIC at 2000 ppm for gram (+) bacteria (both S. aureus and B. pumilus) and 5000 ppm (E. coli) and 6000 ppm (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) for gram (-) bacteria. From the results obtained it is proposed that polymeric nanoparticles were successfully formed which will enhance the efficacy of active components in the bark of Terminilia Arjuna and also demonstrates promising use in various pharmaceutical formulations as they show considerable results in the inhibition of bacterial growth

Antimicrobial study of Arjuna Terminalia loaded PLGA nanoparticle

The bark of Terminilia Arjuna is known for its numerous health benefits in traditional system of medicine. Nanotechnology based delivery system have added advantages of action at targeted location and improved cellular uptake. In the present paper, polymeric nanoparticles of methanolic extract of Terminilia Arjuna (Arjun ki chhal) were synthesized by using solvent evaporation method. The synthesized polymeric nanoparticles were further characterized using SEM, TEM, XRD, FTIR followed by evaluation of antimicrobial activity. The SEM images showed spherical shaped nanoparticles. Further TEM images revealed that particles of size as small as 50-75 nm are formed. PLGA encapsulated nanoparticles shows entrapment efficiency as high as 96.8% and percentage yield comes out to be 45.3. Antimicrobial study using cup-plate method was carried out using two strains of gram (+) bacteria S. aureus and B. pumilus and two strains of gram () bacteria E. Coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa which shows MIC at 2000 ppm for gram (+) bacteria (both S. aureus and B. pumilus) and 5000 ppm (E. coli) and 6000 ppm (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) for gram () bacteria. From the results obtained it is proposed that polymeric nanoparticles were successfully formed which will enhance the efficacy of active components in the bark of Terminilia Arjuna and also demonstrates promising use in various pharmaceutical formulations as they show considerable results in the inhibition of bacterial growth

On Locally Identifying Coloring of Cartesian Product and Tensor Product of Graphs

For a positive integer $k$, a proper $k$-coloring of a graph $G$ is a mapping $f: V(G) \rightarrow \{1,2, \ldots, k\}$ such that $f(u) \neq f(v)$ for each edge $uv \in E(G)$. The smallest integer $k$ for which there is a proper $k$-coloring of $G$ is called chromatic number of $G$, denoted by $\chi(G)$. A \emph{locally identifying coloring} (for short, lid-coloring) of a graph $G$ is a proper $k$-coloring of $G$ such that every pair of adjacent vertices with distinct closed neighborhoods has distinct set of colors in their closed neighborhoods. The smallest integer $k$ such that $G$ has a lid-coloring with $k$ colors is called \emph{locally identifying chromatic number} (for short, \emph{lid-chromatic number}) of $G$, denoted by $\chi_{lid}(G)$. In this paper, we study lid-coloring of Cartesian product and tensor product of two graphs. We prove that if $G$ and $H$ are two connected graphs having at least two vertices then (a) $\chi_{lid}(G \square H) \leq \chi(G) \chi(H)-1$ and (b) $\chi_{lid}(G \times H) \leq \chi(G) \chi(H)$. Here $G \square H$ and $G \times H$ denote the Cartesian and tensor products of $G$ and $H$ respectively. We also give exact values of lid-chromatic number of Cartesian product (resp. tensor product) of two paths, a cycle and a path, and two cycles

Assessment of genetic variability among different genotypes of Cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.) in India

The field experiment was carried out at the research farm of Horticulture Garden, Bihar Agricultural College, Sabour, Bhagalpur during 2014-15 for assessment of genetic variability among different genotypes of cape gooseberry in India. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with three replications having twelve genotypes. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among genotypes for all the traits studies which suggesting sufficient variability for yield and quality parameters. The overall values of phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) were higher than those of genetic coefficient of variation (GCV). Higher magnitude of GCV and PCV were recorded for fruit per plant percent (33.30 and 36.61) followed by fruit diameter, fruit weight and flowers per branch. The maximum GCV (33.30) and PCV (36.61) were recorded in fruits/plant respectively. The high values of GCV are the indication of excess variability among the genotypes and thus the scope for crop improvement depends on the selection of superior parents for crossing to get better parents for hybridization. In present study, the magnitude of heritability ranged from 37% to 98% indicating that these traits are controlled by additive gene action which is very useful in selection. The traits like plant girth, plant height, inter nodal length, appearance of 50% of flowering, bud break to full bloom, number of flowers per branch, number of fruits set per branch, duration of fruit set to maturity, fruit weight, fruit diameter and number of fruits per plant with high GCV, PCV, heritability and genetic advance as percentage of mean, indicating that these characters are under additive gene effects and more reliable for effective selection

Protective effects of Majun Brahmi on aluminium-induced cognitive impairment in rats: Biochemical and behavioral changes

Background: The Unani formulation Majun Brahmi (MB), a combination of herbs, is used in India as a brain tonic and memory enhancer. Aluminium deposition in the brain is associated with the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Aims and Objectives: The present study was designed to observe that the effects of MB have been evaluated on aluminium trichloride or aluminium chloride (AlCl3)-induced cognitive impairment in an experimental rat model. Materials and Methods: Twenty male Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups of five rats each. AlCl3 was administered orally for 30 days to induce cognitive impairment. Group I received saline, Group II-AlCl3 (100 mg/kg b.wt), Group III-MB (1027.77 mg/kg b.wt), and Group IV-AlCl3 + MB (100 mg/kg b.wt+1027.77 mg/kg b.wt). At the end of the experiment, rats were subjected to behavioral and biochemical assessments. Results: Animals treated with AlCl3 showed a significant increase in time to reach the platform in the Morris water maze test (MWM), prolonged transfer latency (TL) in the elevated plus maze, and decreased step-down latency in the passive avoidance test, as compared to controls (P<0.01). Cotreatment with MB resulted in a reduced time to reach the platform in MWM, increased step-down latencies, and decreased TL. AlCl3 induction significantly increased malondialdehyde and decreased superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase, glutathione, total antioxidant capacity, and catalase levels. Concomitant administration of MB significantly attenuated the effects AlCl3 on lipid peroxidation and restored the reduced antioxidant parameters. Conclusion: The study provides strong evidence for the potential use of MB in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer’s disease

NON-ORTHOGONAL SIGNAL-BASED OPTICAL COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS USING FUZZY LEARNING FOR INTERFERENCE CANCELLATION

Non-orthogonal signal-based systems are a type of communication system that uses signals that are not mutually perpendicular (i.e., not orthogonal) to transmit information. These types of systems can increase the spectral efficiency of communication systems by allowing for more data to be transmitted in the same bandwidth. Groups of signals with non-orthogonal waveforms can increase spectral efficiency, but they also increase the potential for interference. Spectrally efficient frequency division multiplexing (SEFDM) is a well-studied waveform that was originally proposed for use in wireless systems but has since found application in millimeter wave communications at 60 GHz, optical access network architecture, and long-distance optical fiber transmission. However, non-orthogonal signal-based systems are also more susceptible to interference from other sources, which can degrade the quality of the transmitted signal. To address this problem, this paper suggests using fuzzy learning techniques to cancel out interference and improve the signal-to-noise ratio. Fuzzy learning is a type of machine learning that uses fuzzy logic (FL) to handle uncertainty and imprecision in data. By using FL techniques to cancel out interference, the non-orthogonal signal-based optical communication (OC) system could potentially achieve better performance in noisy environments. Overall, this research topic has the potential to contribute to the development of more efficient and reliable OC systems that can operate in challenging environments

Evidence of genome-wide G4 DNA-mediated gene expression in human cancer cells

Guanine-rich DNA of a particular sequence adopts four-stranded structural forms known as G-quadruplex or G4 DNA. Though in vitro formation of G4 DNA is known for several years, in vivo presence of G4 DNA was only recently noted in eukaryote telomeres. Recent bioinformatics analyses showing prevalence of G4 DNA within promoters of human and related species seems to implicate G4 DNA in a genome-wide cis-regulatory role. Herein we demonstrate that G4 DNA may present regulatory sites on a genome-wide scale by showing widespread effect on gene expression in response to the established intracellular G4 DNA-binding ligands. This is particularly relevant to genes that harbor conserved potential G4 DNA (PG4 DNA) forming sequence across human, mouse and rat promoters of orthologous genes. Genes with conserved PG4 DNA in promoters show co-regulated expression in 79 human and 61 mouse normal tissues (z-score > 3.5; P < 0.0001). Conservation of G4 DNA across related species also emphasizes the biological importance of G4 DNA and its role in transcriptional regulation of genes; shedding light on a relatively novel mechanism of regulation of gene expression in eukaryotes