Gauging the Antiobesity Potential of Oral Semaglutide in Type 2 Diabetes in the Indian Context

“Diabesity”, which combines type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity has emerged as a global epidemic in the modern world. Indeed, diabesity contributes significantly to increased morbidity, and the prevalence of this global health burden has steadily increased in India over the past three decades. Importantly, only a few pharmacological agents are currently available across the world, and India in particular has access to only a limited number of such agents. However, with the advent of oral glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) after its launch in India recently as an antidiabetic agent, the horizon to combat diabesity has expanded. With the available evidence from several phase 3 trials of oral GLP-1RA (PIONEER, Peptide Innovation for Early Diabetes Treatment), it is increasingly becoming apparent that oral semaglutide could have some potential to fulfil the US Food and Drug Administration criterion of an antiobesity agent

Capillary hemangioma of tympanic cleft

We present an extensive capillary hemangioma of right ear in an 11-year-old child involving external auditory canal, middle ear and mastoid. Patient was presented with chronic purulent discharge and aural mass in right ear. The Computarize tomography (CT) scan revealed enhancing soft tissue filled density in external ear, middle ear and mastoid for that modified radical mastoidectomy (MRM) was done. The histopathological report of surgical specimen confirmed the diagnosis of capillary hemangiom

Rollback recovery with low overhead for fault tolerance in mobile ad hoc networks

AbstractMobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) have significantly enhanced the wireless networks by eliminating the need for any fixed infrastructure. Hence, these are increasingly being used for expanding the computing capacity of existing networks or for implementation of autonomous mobile computing Grids. However, the fragile nature of MANETs makes the constituent nodes susceptible to failures and the computing potential of these networks can be utilized only if they are fault tolerant. The technique of checkpointing based rollback recovery has been used effectively for fault tolerance in static and cellular mobile systems; yet, the implementation of existing protocols for MANETs is not straightforward. The paper presents a novel rollback recovery protocol for handling the failures of mobile nodes in a MANET using checkpointing and sender based message logging. The proposed protocol utilizes the routing protocol existing in the network for implementing a low overhead recovery mechanism. The presented recovery procedure at a node is completely domino-free and asynchronous. The protocol is resilient to the dynamic characteristics of the MANET; allowing a distributed application to be executed independently without access to any wired Grid or cellular network access points. We also present an algorithm to record a consistent global snapshot of the MANET

Role of 0.5 M mannitol as an adjuvant with lidocaine with or without epinephrine for inferior alveolar nerve block : a randomized control trial

Background: The most commonly used local anesthetic in dentistry is lidocaine. For decades, mannitol is the most widely used agent in the management of raised intracranial pressure and as prophylaxis against acute renal failure surgeries. Material and Methods: 120 patients were randomly divided into four groups, 30 patients in each group. Group A was administered 2% lidocaine with 1:80000 epinephrine; group B, 2% lidocaine with 1:80000 epinephrine and 0.5 M mannitol; group C, 2% lidocaine and 0.5 M mannitol; and group D (control group), 2% lidocaine for achieving local anesthesia. Extraction of lower erupted tooth was done under inferior alveolar nerve block. Parameters taken were onset of anesthesia, duration of anesthesia and pain. Heft-Parker visual analogue scale was taken to evaluate the pain response during procedure after every 10 minutes until complete return of sensation by probing. The Chi-square test was used to compare the pain among the groups. The continuous variables were compared among the groups by one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey?s post-hoc comparison tests. The p-value 0.05). The total time in return of sensation was higher among the patients of group C (70.30±4.34) than group A (65.94±3.45), group B (62.23±7.47) and group D (47.70±8.04) but difference among the groups was found to be statistically significant (p=0.0001). There was no significant (p>0.05) difference in the pain at baseline and at start. No pain was found among all the patients from 10 minutes to subsequent time intervals. Conclusions: Mannitol was effective in increasing the efficacy of lidocaine as an adjuvant to local anesthetic solution in inferior alveolar nerve block

Reasoning about Protocols using Dijkstra’s Calculus

A mathematical model for the specification and verification of a data link layer protocol is proposed. The weakest precondition calculus, developed by Dijkstra, originally for sequential programs, has been chosen for this purpose. It is demonstrated that the wp-calculus provides a basis, not only for the modeling but also, for a straightforward and thorough analysis of large and complex distributed systems like data link layer protocol. This analysis contributes to the understanding of the system and could lead to an improvement in the design. The technique has been illustrated by describing the sliding window protocol.Facultad de Informátic

Influence of NPK levels on growth and yield of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni under hills of Uttarakhand

66-72A field experiment was carried out at CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Research Centre Purara, Bageshwar, Uttarakhand, India during 2014 and 2015 in sandy loam soil on Influence of NPK levels on plant growth and yield of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni under lower hills of Kumaon Uttarakhand were tested in a randomized block design with factorial concept in three replications. Four harvestings were taken in a year. Stevia were treated with three doses of nitrogen (100,200,300 N kg/ha), three doses of phosphorus (60,120,180 P2O5 kg/ha) and two levels of potassium (80,160 K2O kg/ha). Pooled results indicated that significantly higher dry leaf yield was obtained with nitrogen @ 300 Kg/ha (45.68 t/ha) and it was on par with 200 kg/ha (43.76 t/ha). Phosphorus @ 180/ha recorded significantly highest dry leaf yield (40.68 t/ha) and it was on par with 120 kg/ha (43.40 t/ha). Potassium @ 160 kg/ha recorded dry leaf yield of 43.12 t/ha and it was comparable with potassium @80 kg/ha (41.84 t/ha). The growth parameters viz., plant height (cm), number of branches per plant and number of leaves per plant were significantly higher with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium @ 300 kg/ha, 180 kg/ha and 160 kg/ha, respectively which were on par with 200 kg/ha, 120 kg/ha and 80 kg/ha respectively. In pooled data nitrogen N3 i.e., 300 kg/ha recorded the highest B:C (4.60) which was on par with nitrogen @ N2 i.e., 200 kg/ha (4.34), but significantly higher than N1 i.e., 100 kg/ha (3.38). Phosphorous P3 i.e., 180 kg/ha resulted in higher B:C (4.61) which was on par with P2 i.e., 120 kg/ha (4.50). Potassium level influenced the B:C non-significantly. Significantly lowest B:C was recorded with absolute control in pooled data (2.19). Nutrient level of 300:180:160 kg/ha NPK applied in equal splits to four harvestings in a year has been considered as an economically optimum level of nutrients for stevia