Creating a center for global health at the University of Wisconsin-Madison.

Globalization, migration, and widespread health disparities call for interdisciplinary approaches to improve health care at home and abroad. Health professions students are pursuing study abroad in increasing numbers, and universities are responding with programs to address these needs. The University of Wisconsin (UW)-Madison schools of medicine and public health, nursing, pharmacy, veterinary medicine, and the division of international studies have created an interdisciplinary center for global health (CGH). The CGH provides health professions and graduate students with courses, field experiences, and a new Certificate in Global Health. Educational programs have catalyzed a network of enthusiastic UW global health scholars. Partnerships with colleagues in less economically developed countries provide the foundation for education, research, and service programs. Participants have collaborated to improve the education of health professionals and nutrition in Uganda; explore the interplay between culture, community development, and health in Ecuador; improve animal health and address domestic violence in Mexico; and examine successful public health efforts in Thailand. These programs supply students with opportunities to understand the complex determinants of health and structure of health systems, develop adaptability and cross-cultural communication skills, experience learning and working in interdisciplinary teams, and promote equity and reduce health disparities at home and abroad. Based on the principles of equity, sustainability, and reciprocity, the CGH provides a strong foundation to address global health challenges through networking and collaboration among students, staff, and faculty within the UW and beyond

Rethinking the anti-FGM zero-tolerance policy: From intellectual concerns to empirical challenges

Abstract Purpose of Review Based on the discussions of a symposium co-organized by the Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) and the University of Lausanne (UNIL) in Brussels in 2019, this paper critically reflects upon the zero-tolerance strategy on “Female Genital Mutilation” (FGM) and its socio-political, legal and moral repercussions. We ask whether the strategy is effective given the empirical challenges highlighted during the symposium, and also whether it is credible. Recent Findings The anti-FGM zero-tolerance policy, first launched in 2003, aims to eliminate all types of “female genital mutilation” worldwide. The FGM definition of the World Health Organization condemns all forms of genital cutting (FGC) on the basis that they are harmful and degrading to women and infringe upon their rights to physical integrity. Yet, the zero-tolerance policy only applies to traditional and customary forms of genital cutting and not to cosmetic alterations of the female genitalia. Recent publications have shown that various popular forms of cosmetic genital surgery remove the same tissue as some forms of “FGM”. In response to the zero-tolerance policy, national laws banning traditional forms of FGC are enforced and increasingly scrutinize the performance of FGC as well as non-invasive rituals that are culturally meaningful to migrants. At the same time, cosmetic procedures such as labiaplasty have become more popular than ever before and are increasingly performed on adolescents. Summary This review shows that the socio-legal and ethical inconsistencies between “FGM” and cosmetic genital modification pose concrete dilemmas for professionals in the field that need to be addressed and researched

Efficacy of a Manualized and Workbook-Driven Individual Treatment for Social Anxiety Disorder

Social anxiety disorder is a prevalent and impairing disorder for which viable cognitive-behavioral therapies exist. However, these treatments have not been easily packaged for dissemination and may be underutilized as a result. The current study reports on the findings of a randomized controlled trial of a manualized and workbook-driven individual cognitive-behavioral treatment for social anxiety disorder (Hope, Heimberg, Juster, & Turk, 2000; Hope, Heimberg, & Turk, 2006). This treatment package was derived from an empirically supported group treatment for social anxiety disorder and intended for broad dissemination, but it has not previously been subjected to empirical examination on its own. As a first step in that examination, 38 clients seeking treatment for social anxiety disorder at either the Adult Anxiety Clinic of Temple University or the Anxiety Disorders Clinic of the University of Nebraska–Lincoln were randomly assigned to receive either immediate treatment with this cognitive-behavioral treatment package or treatment delayed for 20 weeks. Evaluation at the posttreatment/postdelay period revealed substantially greater improvements among immediate treatment clients on interviewer-rated and self-report measures of social anxiety and impairment. Three-month follow-up assessment revealed maintenance of gains. Clinical implications and directions for future research are discussed

The Brussels Collaboration on Bodily Integrity. Medically Unnecessary Genital Cutting and the Rights of the Child: Moving Toward Consensus. Guest Editorial.

See also the project sponsored by the ULB-UNIL privileged partnership "Les déterminants sociologiques de l’offre et de la demande de chirurgie plastique génitale : réparatrice chez les femmes avec une MGF vs. cosmétique sur vulve intacte" (7/2018-6/2020). Online summary: https://www.unil.ch/international/en/home/menuguid/partenariats-privilegies/universite-libre-de-bruxelles/projets-2018/offre-et-demande-de-chirurgie-plastique.htm

Satisfação e engajamento de visitantes à festivais: análise empírica de uma Oktoberfest

Objective of the study: To analyze the relationship between satisfaction and online engagement of visitors to the 34th Oktoberfest in Blumenau, Santa Catarina, Brazil, held in 2017.Methodology/approach: An exploratory, documentary, and descriptive research was carried out, with a quantitative approach, through a survey with a questionnaire, applied during the month of October 2017 at Oktoberfest Blumenau, which resulted in 215 valid questionnaires.Originality/Relevance: The use of festivals as promoters of tourism in destinations has been massively used. However, with its growth, there was a need to find strategies to keep the visitors satisfied and engaged with its realization. Thus, seeking to maintain of its attractiveness and intention to revisit such an event. Oktoberfest is the main German cultural festival held across the country, and Blumenau has the largest edition in Brazil in number of audiences. Therefore, it is evident the need to assess how the visitor is perceiving the festival and how much she/he feels engaged with it, seeking to maintain the quality and appreciation of the typical German culture demonstrated through the Oktoberfest. Main results: Among the main findings, it is highlighted that women were more satisfied with the Tangibility dimension, while men with the Empathy dimension. It was also possible to identify that visitor’s satisfaction is not related to online engagement.Theoretical/methodological contributions: The study contributes to the academic literature by advancing research related to festivals and engagement, mainly through the use of Oktoberfest as an object of study. This festival has been used as a tourist product all over the world, however, researches that identify how it has been developing and whether it is in fact representing culture in a satisfactory way has not reached yet a significant space in the academic environment.Social/management contributions: The results presented here provide important results for the management and marketing not only of Blumenau’s Oktoberfest, but also for other cultural events, where it shows that there are significant differences in relation to personal factors and their perception of engagement and satisfaction.Objetivo del estudio: analizar la relación entre la satisfacción y el compromiso en línea de los visitantes del 34º Oktoberfest en Blumenau, Santa Catarina, Brasil, celebrado en 2017.Metodología/enfoque: Se realizó una investigación exploratoria, documental y descriptiva, con un enfoque cuantitativo, a través de una encuesta con un cuestionario, aplicada durante el mes de octubre de 2017 en el Oktoberfest Blumenau, que dio como resultado 215 cuestionarios válidos.Originalidad/Relevancia: El uso de festivales como promotores del turismo en los destinos se ha utilizado de forma masiva, sin embargo, con su crecimiento, se hizo realidad la necesidad de encontrar estrategias para mantener al visitante satisfecho y comprometido con su realización, buscando así el mantenimiento de su atractivo e intención de volver a visitar tal evento. Oktoberfest es el principal festival cultural alemán celebrado en todo el país, y Blumenau tiene la mayor edición de Brasil en número de audiencias. Por lo tanto, es necesario evaluar cómo el visitante percibe el festival y cuánto se siente comprometido con él, buscando mantener la calidad y la apreciación de la cultura típica alemana demostrada a través del Oktoberfest.Resultados principales: Entre los principales hallazgos, se destaca que las mujeres estaban más satisfechas con la dimensión Tangibilidad, mientras que los hombres con la dimensión Empatía. También fue posible identificar que la satisfacción del visitante no está relacionada con la participación en línea.Contribuciones teóricas/metodológicas: el estudio contribuye a la literatura académica mediante el avance de la investigación relacionada con festivales y participación, principalmente a través del uso de Oktoberfest como objeto de estudio. Tal festival se ha utilizado como producto turístico en todo el mundo, sin embargo, la investigación que identifica cómo se ha desarrollado y si de hecho ha representado la cultura de manera satisfactoria aún no ha alcanzado un espacio significativo en el entorno académico.Contribuciones sociales/de gestión: Los resultados presentados aquí proporcionan resultados importantes para la gestión y comercialización no solo del Oktoberfest de Blumaneu, sino también para otros eventos culturales, donde muestra que existen diferencias significativas en relación con los factores personales y su percepción de Compromiso y satisfacción.Objetivo do estudo: Analisar a relação entre a satisfação e o engajamento online dos visitantes da 34ª Oktoberfest de Blumenau, Santa Catarina, Brasil, realizada no ano de 2017.Metodologia/abordagem: Realizou-se uma pesquisa exploratória, documental e descritiva, com abordagem quantitativa, por meio de um levantamento survey com questionário, aplicado durante o mês de outubro de 2017 na Oktoberfest Blumenau, o qual resultou em 215 questionários válidos.Originalidade/Relevância: O uso de festivais como promotores do turismo em destinos vem sendo massivamente utilizado, porém, com seu crescimento, percebeu-se a necessidade de encontrar estratégias para manter o visitante satisfeito e engajado com a sua realização, buscando assim, a manutenção de sua atratividade e intenção de revisitar tal evento. A Oktoberfest é o principal festival cultural alemão realizado em todo o país, e Blumenau possui a maior edição do Brasil em número de público. Assim, evidencia-se a necessidade de avaliar como o visitante está percebendo a realização do festival e o quanto sente-se engajado com este, buscando a manutenção da qualidade e valorização da cultura típica alemã demonstrada através da Oktoberfest.Principais resultados: Entre os principais achados, destaca-se que as mulheres ficaram mais satisfeitas com a dimensão Tangibilidade, enquanto os homens com a dimensão Empatia. Foi possível identificar ainda, que a satisfação do visitante não tem relação com o engajamento online.Contribuições teóricas/metodológicas: O estudo contribui com a literatura acadêmica através do avanço em pesquisas relacionadas a festivais e engajamento, principalmente através do uso da Oktoberfest como objeto de estudo. Tal festival vem sendo utilizado como produto turístico em todo o mundo, porém, pesquisas que identifiquem como este vem se desenvolvendo e se de fato vem representando a cultura de forma satisfatória ainda não alcançaram um espaço significativo no meio acadêmico.Contribuições sociais / para a gestão: Os resultados aqui apresentados fornecem importantes resultados para a gestão e marketing não apenas da Oktoberfest de Blumenau, mas também para os demais eventos culturais, onde evidenciam que existem diferenças significativas em relação aos fatores pessoais e a sua percepção de engajamento e satisfação.

Prostate-specific antigen and hormone receptor expression in male and female breast carcinoma

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Prostate carcinoma is among the most common solid tumors to secondarily involve the male breast. Prostate specific antigen (PSA) and prostate-specific acid phosphatase (PSAP) are expressed in benign and malignant prostatic tissue, and immunohistochemical staining for these markers is often used to confirm the prostatic origin of metastatic carcinoma. PSA expression has been reported in male and female breast carcinoma and in gynecomastia, raising concerns about the utility of PSA for differentiating prostate carcinoma metastasis to the male breast from primary breast carcinoma. This study examined the frequency of PSA, PSAP, and hormone receptor expression in male breast carcinoma (MBC), female breast carcinoma (FBC), and gynecomastia.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Immunohistochemical staining for PSA, PSAP, AR, ER, and PR was performed on tissue microarrays representing six cases of gynecomastia, thirty MBC, and fifty-six FBC.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>PSA was positive in two of fifty-six FBC (3.7%), focally positive in one of thirty MBC (3.3%), and negative in the five examined cases of gynecomastia. PSAP expression was absent in MBC, FBC, and gynecomastia. Hormone receptor expression was similar in males and females (AR 74.1% in MBC vs. 67.9% in FBC, p = 0.62; ER 85.2% vs. 68.5%, p = 0.18; and PR 51.9% vs. 48.2%, p = 0.82).</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>PSA and PSAP are useful markers to distinguish primary breast carcinoma from prostate carcinoma metastatic to the male breast. Although PSA expression appeared to correlate with hormone receptor expression, the incidence of PSA expression in our population was too low to draw significant conclusions about an association between PSA expression and hormone receptor status in breast lesions.</p

Genetic identity, biological phenotype, and evolutionary pathways of transmitted/founder viruses in acute and early HIV-1 infection

Identification of full-length transmitted HIV-1 genomes could be instrumental in HIV-1 pathogenesis, microbicide, and vaccine research by enabling the direct analysis of those viruses actually responsible for productive clinical infection. We show in 12 acutely infected subjects (9 clade B and 3 clade C) that complete HIV-1 genomes of transmitted/founder viruses can be inferred by single genome amplification and sequencing of plasma virion RNA. This allowed for the molecular cloning and biological analysis of transmitted/founder viruses and a comprehensive genome-wide assessment of the genetic imprint left on the evolving virus quasispecies by a composite of host selection pressures. Transmitted viruses encoded intact canonical genes (gag-pol-vif-vpr-tat-rev-vpu-env-nef) and replicated efficiently in primary human CD4+ T lymphocytes but much less so in monocyte-derived macrophages. Transmitted viruses were CD4 and CCR5 tropic and demonstrated concealment of coreceptor binding surfaces of the envelope bridging sheet and variable loop 3. 2 mo after infection, transmitted/founder viruses in three subjects were nearly completely replaced by viruses differing at two to five highly selected genomic loci; by 12–20 mo, viruses exhibited concentrated mutations at 17–34 discrete locations. These findings reveal viral properties associated with mucosal HIV-1 transmission and a limited set of rapidly evolving adaptive mutations driven primarily, but not exclusively, by early cytotoxic T cell responses

Emotional design and human-robot interaction

Recent years have shown an increase in the importance of emotions applied to the Design field - Emotional Design. In this sense, the emotional design aims to elicit (e.g., pleasure) or prevent (e.g., displeasure) determined emotions, during human product interaction. That is, the emotional design regulates the emotional interaction between the individual and the product (e.g., robot). Robot design has been a growing area whereby robots are interacting directly with humans in which emotions are essential in the interaction. Therefore, this paper aims, through a non-systematic literature review, to explore the application of emotional design, particularly on Human-Robot Interaction. Robot design features (e.g., appearance, expressing emotions and spatial distance) that affect emotional design are introduced. The chapter ends with a discussion and a conclusion.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio