Visual Memory of Fragmented Scenes - Role of Detail and Extrapolation

Každý den jsme vystaveni velkému množství vizuálních podnětů (scén). Není však stále jasné, jak dobře jsou tyto scény v paměti uloženy a pamatovány a jaká je role detailu vzhledem k paměti celého obrazu. Konkrétně, do jaké míry jsou pamatovány detaily a do jaké míry extrapolujeme z neviděného obsahu z prezentovaných částí. K prozkoumání této otázky jsme využili fragmentovaných scén (rozčleněných na 4x4 dílků), které se skládaly ze tří různých kategorií (vnitřní, vnější-přírodní a vnější-umělé) s různým počtem prezentovaných dílků (3, 5 a 8). Zajímá nás, jestli je nějaký vztah mezi počtem prezentovaných dílků a schopností rozpoznat, které dílky byly prezentované a které ne (přestože byly ze stejné fotografie). V analýze jsme se soustředili na charakteristiky SDT (signal detection theory), především na citlivost paměti (d') a bias. Byly provedeny dva experimenty a u obou byly zjištěny největší hodnoty správnosti v odpovědích u 3 zobrazených dílků (Exp.1: d'(n3) = 0,67; Exp.2: d'(n3) = 0,66), u kterých převažovala tendence biasu k záporným odpovědím (Exp.1: c(n3) = 0,27; Exp.2: c(n3) = 0,16). U počtu 5 a 8 dílků se správnost odpovědí snížila (Exp.1: d'(n5) = 0,35; d'(n8) = 0,34; Exp.2: d'(n5) = 0,39; d'(n8) = 0,41) a zároveň se bias přiklonil ke kladným odpovědím (Exp.1: c(n5) = -0,11, c(n8) = -0,34;...Every day we are exposed to huge amounts of visual stimuli (scenes). However, i tis not yet clear how accurately these scenes are stored and remembered, and what is the role of detail relative to the memory for the whole image. More specifically, to what extent the details are remembered and to what extent we extrapolate the unseen content from the presented details. We used fragmented scenes (broken to 4x4 grids) to investigate this question. Fragmented scenes were composed of three different theme categories (indoor, natural, man-made), each with different number of presented patches (3, 5 and 8). Our main research question is, whether there is any relationship between the number of presented patches and the ability to recognize which patches were presented and which were not (but still patches from the same photograph). In analysis we focus on Signal Detection Theory characteristics, mainly memory sensitivity (d') and bias. We run two experiments and in both the highest scores for (d') were for 3 patches (Exp.1: d'(n3) = 0,67; Exp.2: d'(n3) = 0,66) with bias towards negative answers (Exp.1: c(n3) = 0,27; Exp.2: c(n3) = 0,16). For 5 and 8 patches the (d') was lower (Exp.1: d'(n5) = 0,35; d'(n8) = 0,34; Exp.2: d'(n5) = 0,39; d'(n8) = 0,41) and in the same time bias was towards positive answers...Katedra psychologieDepartment of PsychologyFaculty of ArtsFilozofická fakult

Joint custody - its assumptions, strengths and potential weaknesses in the light of psychology

This bachelor thesis deals with joint custody in relation to its assumptions, strengths and potential weaknesses in the light of psychology. The theoretical part provides insight into the context of the form of contemporary family, with the issue of divorce and its impact on all involved individuals and with different forms of parenting. The legislative grounding of post divorce child care and its possible forms in the Czech legal order is also covered. The psychological assumptions of joint custody of both the parents and the child are emphasized to a great extent. On the basis of these findings are drawn possible strengths and weaknesses of joint custody. Last but not least are presented different approaches to joint custody among a few selected countries. The final part of this thesis is designed as qualitative research project focusing on the evaluation of joint custody from the perspective of individuals who have personal experience with this post-divorce arrangement. Keywords: joint custody, children, divorce, post-divorce arrangement, psychological impact

The impact of joining the EU on Czech foreign trade

Bakalářská práce se zaměřuje na problematiku vlivu liberalizace na zahraniční obchod státu, konkrétně zkoumá vývoj českého zahraničního obchodu a jeho změny související se vstupem České republiky do Evropské unie. Cílem bakalářské práce je zmapovat změny v české obchodní politice podmiňující vstup do EU a zachytit vliv začlenění do EU na zahraniční obchod ČR. První část práce se věnuje především vysvětlení principu liberalismu a jeho měřitelnosti, rovněž také přeměně obchodní politiky ČR v unijní politiku. Druhá část práce vysvětluje vliv vstupu ČR do Evropské unie pomocí jednotlivých transformací v teritoriální a komoditní struktuře obchodu, především ale prostřednictvím analýzy komparativních výhod České republiky.This bachelor's thesis focuses on the issue of the influence of liberalization on foreign trade, explicitly examining the development of Czech foreign trade and its changes related to the entry of the Czech Republic into the European Union. The bachelor's thesis aims to map the changes in the Czech trade policy that condition entry into the EU and capture the impact of EU integration on the Czech Republic's foreign trade. The first part of the work is mainly devoted to explaining the principle of liberalism and its measurability, as well as the transformation of the trade policy of the Czech Republic into the EU policy. The second part of the thesis investigates the influence of the Czech Republic's entry into the European Union through transformations in the territorial and commodity structure of trade, but above all, through an analysis of the comparative advantages of the Czech Republic

Visual Memory of Fragmented Scenes - Role of Detail and Extrapolation

Every day we are exposed to huge amounts of visual stimuli (scenes). However, i tis not yet clear how accurately these scenes are stored and remembered, and what is the role of detail relative to the memory for the whole image. More specifically, to what extent the details are remembered and to what extent we extrapolate the unseen content from the presented details. We used fragmented scenes (broken to 4x4 grids) to investigate this question. Fragmented scenes were composed of three different theme categories (indoor, natural, man-made), each with different number of presented patches (3, 5 and 8). Our main research question is, whether there is any relationship between the number of presented patches and the ability to recognize which patches were presented and which were not (but still patches from the same photograph). In analysis we focus on Signal Detection Theory characteristics, mainly memory sensitivity (d') and bias. We run two experiments and in both the highest scores for (d') were for 3 patches (Exp.1: d'(n3) = 0,67; Exp.2: d'(n3) = 0,66) with bias towards negative answers (Exp.1: c(n3) = 0,27; Exp.2: c(n3) = 0,16). For 5 and 8 patches the (d') was lower (Exp.1: d'(n5) = 0,35; d'(n8) = 0,34; Exp.2: d'(n5) = 0,39; d'(n8) = 0,41) and in the same time bias was towards positive answers..

Effects of motoric exercises on group decision making

Seemingly contradictory, religion has been numerously theorized both a facilitator of cooperation and generosity and a source of intolerance and intergroup conflict. Of the many components that make up the umbrella category of religion, we focus on motoric synchronization as an evolved instrument that can facilitate both extragroup prosociality and intergroup competition, depending on the state of intergroup relations. Our aim is to test whether synchronization promotes extra-group prosociality during peaceful times, and intergroup competition during intergroup conflicts, both trends being adaptive in the processes of cultural evolution. Results will provide a parsimonious comparison of synchrony’s behavioral effects during conflict and peace as well as insights into their hormonal underpinnings