HUBUNGAN ANTARA KOMITMEN BERPACARAN DENGAN KUALITAS PERSAHABATAN PADA REMAJA AKHIR DI UNIVERSITAS PENDIDIKAN INDONESIA

Penelitian ini memiliki beberapa tujuan, yaitu untuk mengetahui (1) gambaran komitmen berpacaran, (2) gambaran kualitas persahabatan, (3) hubungan antara komitmen berpacaran dengan kualitas persahabatan pada remaja akhir di Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia (UPI). Responden pada penelitian ini ialah mahasiswa di UPI yang berada pada usia remaja akhir yang memiliki pasangan (pacar) dan juga teman dekat (sahabat). Terdapat 200 orang responden sesuai kriteria yang telah ditentukan dalam penelitian ini. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui penyebaran kuesioner dengan memanfaatkan aplikasi google docs. Kuesioner berisikan skala komitmen berpacaran yang peneliti adaptasi dan modifikasi dari Commitment Measurenment milik Rusbult (1983) dan skala kualitas persahabatan yang juga peneliti adaptasi dan modifikasi dari Friendship Quality Scale (FQS) milik Bukowski, Hoza, dan Bovin (Ponti, dkk, 2010). Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan teknik korelasi Spearman Rho. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan (1) remaja akhir di UPI memiliki komitmen berpacaran yang cenderung rendah yaitu sebanyak 41% dari 200 orang responden, (2) remaja akhir di UPI memiliki kualitas persahabatan yang cenderung rendah yaitu sebanyak 36,5% dari 200 orang responden, dan (3) terdapat hubungan yang antara komitmen berpacaran dengan kualitas persahabatan pada remaja akhir di Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia.---------This study aims to describe (1) the image of commitment dating (2) the big picture of quality of friendship, and (3) relationship between Commitment Dating with the quality of friendship late adolescence at Indonesia University of Education (UPI). Responders of this study are late adolescence at Indonesia University of Education who are in commitment relationship and having close friends. There are around 200 people with the appropriate criteria have been determined in this study. This study uses quantitative methods and using purposive sampling technique. Data collected through questionnaires by using google docs app. The questionnaire contains of a commitment dating scale that is adapted by researcher and modification of Commitment Measurenment owned by Rusbult (1983) and so is Quality Scale (FQS) belongs to Bukowski, Hoza, and Bovin (Ponti et al, 2010). Data was analyzed by using Spearman Rho correlation techniques. The result showed that (1) late adolescence of UPI who are in committed relationship that tends to lower as many as 41% of the 200 respondents, (2) late adolescence of UPI have a rather low quality friendships as many as 36.5% of the 200 respondents, and (3) there is a relationship between commitment dating with the quality of friendship in late teens at UPI

Cross-Sectional Carrier Lifetime Profiling and Deep Level Monitoring in Silicon Carbide Films Exhibiting Variable Carbon Vacancy Concentrations

The carrier lifetime control over 150 μm thick 4H-SiC epitaxial layers via thermal generation and annihilation of carbon vacancy (VC) related Z1/2 lifetime killer sites is reported. The defect developments upon typical SiC processing steps, such as high- and moderate-temperature anneals in the presence of a carbon cap, are monitored by combining electrical characterization techniques capable of VC depth-profiling, capacitance–voltage (CV) and deep-level transient spectroscopy (DLTS), with a novel all-optical approach of cross-sectional carrier lifetime profiling across 4H-SiC epilayer/substrate based on imaging time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) spectroscopy in orthogonal pump-probe geometry, which readily exposes in-depth efficacy of defect reduction and surface recombination effects. The lifetime control is realized by initial high-temperature treatment (1800 °C) to increase VC concentration to ≈1013 cm−3 level followed by a moderate-temperature (1500 °C) post-annealing of variable duration under C-rich thermodynamic equilibrium conditions. The post-annealing carried out for 5 h in effect eliminates VC throughout the entire ultra-thick epilayer. The reduction of VC-related Z1/2 sites is proven by a significant lifetime increase from 0.8 to 2.5 μs. The upper limit of lifetimes in terms of carrier surface leakage and the presence of other nonradiative recombination centers besides Z1/2, possibly related to residual impurities such as boron are discussed.publishedVersio

Tests for latent tuberculosis in people with end stage kidney disease: a systematic review

BACKGROUND: The relative diagnostic accuracy of interferon γ release assays (IGRAs; based on ELISA [enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay] or ELISPOT [enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot], ie, the QuantiFERON and T-SPOT.TB tests, respectively) and the tuberculin skin test (TST) for latent tuberculosis (TB) infection in people with end-stage kidney disease is uncertain and national guidelines for their use are inconsistent. STUDY DESIGN: Systematic review. SELECTION CRITERIA FOR STUDIES: Evaluated performance of tests for latent TB with clinical risk-factor assessment. SETTING & POPULATION: People with end-stage kidney disease (chronic kidney disease stage 5 [eGFR <15] or kidney transplant recipients). No limits on setting. INDEX TESTS: ELISA- or ELISPOT-based IGRAs, TST, assays to detect antimycobacterial antibodies, and flow cytometry-based tests. OUTCOMES: Odds of test positivity with clinical risk factor for latent TB, expressed as ORs and relative ORs (RORs). RESULTS: 47 studies (6,828 participants) were included, but only 30 studies (4,546 participants) contained sufficient data to contribute to meta-analysis. Studies were predominately in the dialysis population (23/30; 3,700 participants) in countries with low to moderate TB prevalence (0.0-50.0 cases/10(5) persons). BCG vaccination rate was variable (2.7%-100.0%). 9 studies compared IGRAs with the TST directly, 17 studies evaluated the TST only, and the other 4 studies evaluated other tests. Compared to a positive TST result, a positive ELISA-based IGRA result was associated more strongly with radiologic evidence of past TB (ROR, 4.29; 95% CI, 1.83-10.3; P = 0.001) and contact with active TB (ROR, 3.36; 95% CI, 1.61-7.01; P = 0.001). Compared to a negative TST result, a negative ELISA-based IGRA result was associated more strongly with BCG vaccination (ROR, 0.30; 95% CI, 0.14-0.63; P = 0.002). There were insufficient data to compare performance of the ELISPOT-based IGRA with the TST or ELISA-based IGRA. LIMITATIONS: 17 of 47 included studies (36.2%) did not contain sufficient data to contribute to meta-analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Compared to the TST, the ELISA-based IGRA was associated more strongly with risk factors for latent TB in end-stage kidney disease

The quantitative proteomes of human-induced pluripotent stem cells and embryonic stem cells

An in-depth proteomic comparison of human-induced pluripotent stem cells, and their parent fibroblast cells, with embryonic stem cells shows that the reprogramming process comprehensively remodels protein expression levels, creating cells that closely resemble natural stem cells

Современные методы определения радиоактивности почвы и риск воздействия природного излучения на население

Agenția Națională pentru Sănătate Publică, Chișinău, Agenția Internațională pentru Energie Atomică, Viena, Austria, Institutul de Geologie, Tallinn, EstoniaÎn lucrare sunt prezentate analizările cercetării radioactivității naturale în diverse tipuri de sol din trei regiuni din Estonia. Rezultatele denotă că concentrația din sol a radionuclizilor naturali studiați, în special a radonului, uraniului, toronului și potasiului, a variat în funcție de tipul și structura acestuia. Valori sporite ale radionuclizilor menționați au fost detectate în solurile din zona de nord a țării, bogate în roci și în sol argilos cu o cantitate de umiditate sporită, în comparație cu solurile de tip nisipos și calcaros, unde acești indici aveau valori mult mai joase.The paper presents the analysis of natural radioactivity research in various soil types in three regions of Estonia. The results indicate that the soil concentration of the studied radionuclides, especially radon, uranium, thoron and potassium, varied, depending on its type and structure. Increased levels of radionuclides mentioned above have been detected in soil in the North of the country, rich in rocks and in clayey soil with increased moisture content, compared to sandy and limestone soils, where these indices have been substantially diminished.В статье представлен анализ исследований естественной радиоактивности в различных типах почв трех регионах Эстонии. Результаты свидетельствуют о том, что концентрация в почве изучаемых радионуклидов, особенно радона, урана, торона и калия, варьировала в зависимости от ее типа и структуры. Повышенные уровни упомянутых радионуклидов были обнаружены в почве на севере страны, богатой камнями, и в глинистой почве с повышенным содержанием влаги, по сравнению с песчаными и известняковыми почвами, где эти показатели были существенно снижены

First fabrication of full 3D-detectors at SINTEF

International audienceA knowledge of the mechanical properties of bacterial biofilms is required to more fully understand the processes of biofilm formation such as initial adhesion or detachment. The main contribution of this article is to demonstrate the use of homogenization techniques to compute mechanical parameters of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 biofilms. For this purpose, homogenization techniques are used to analyze freeze substitution electron micrographs of the biofilm cross-sections. The concept of a representative volume element and the study about his representativeness allows us to determine the optimal size in order to analyze these biofilm images. Results demonstrate significant heterogeneities with respect to stiffness and these can be explained by varying cell density distribution throughout the bacterial biofilms. These stiffness variations lead to different mechanical properties along the height of the biofilm. Moreover, a numerical shear stress test shows the impact of these heterogeneities on the detachment process. Several modes of detachment are highlighted according to the local strain energy in the different parts of the biofilm. Knowing where, and how, a biofilm may detach will allow better prediction of accumulation and biomass detachment

Radiation hard 3D silicon pixel sensors for use in the ATLAS detector at the HL-LHC

The High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) upgrade requires the planned Inner Tracker (ITk) of the ATLAS detector to tolerate extremely high radiation doses. Specifically, the innermost parts of the pixel system will have to withstand radiation fluences above 1 × 1016 neqcm-2. Novel 3D silicon pixel sensors offer a superior radiation tolerance compared to conventional planar pixel sensors, and are thus excellent candidates for the innermost parts of the ITk. This paper presents studies of 3D pixel sensors with pixel size 50 × 50 μm2 mounted on the RD53A prototype readout chip. Following a description of the design and fabrication steps, Test Beam results are presented for unirradiated as well as heavily irradiated sensors. For particles passing at perpendicular incidence, it is shown that average efficiencies above 96% are reached for sensors exposed to fluences of 1 × 1016 neqcm-2 when biased to 80 V.publishedVersio

Predicting the Biological Effects of Human Salivary Gland Tumour Cells for Scanned 4He-, 12C-, 16O-, and 20Ne-Ion Beams Using an SOI Microdosimeter

Experimental microdosimetry along with the microdosimetric kinetic (MK) model can be utilized to predict the biological effects of ions. To predict the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of ions and the survival fraction (SF) of human salivary gland tumour (HSGc-C5) cells, microdosimetric quantities measured by a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) MicroPlus-mushroom microdosimeter along the spread-out Bragg peak (SOBP) delivered by pencil beam scanning of 4He, 12C, 16O, and 20Ne ions were used. The MK model parameters of HSGc-C5 cells were obtained from the best fit of the calculated SF for the different linear energy transfer (LET) of these ions and the formerly reported in vitro SF for the same LET and ions used for calculations. For a cube-shaped target of 10 × 10 × 6 cm3, treatment plans for 4He, 12C, 16O, and 20Ne ions were produced with proprietary treatment planning software (TPS) aiming for 10% SF of HSGc-C5 cells over the target volume and were delivered to a polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) phantom. Afterwards, the saturation-corrected dose-mean lineal energy derived based on the measured microdosimetry spectra, along with the physical dose at various depths in PMMA phantoms, was used for the estimation of the SF, RBE, and RBE-weighted dose using the MK model. The predicted SF, RBE, and the RBE-weighted dose agreed with what was planned by the TPS within 3% at most depths for these ions.publishedVersio