52 research outputs found
A method for determining the aerodynamic characteristics of two-and three-dimensional shapes at hypersonic speeds
Experimental determination of the permeability of engineering textiles: Benchmark II
In this second international permeability benchmark, the in-plane permeability values of a carbon fabric were studied by twelve research groups worldwide. One participant also investigated the deformation of the tested carbon fabric. The aim of this work was to obtain comparable results in order to make a step toward standardization of permeability measurements. Unidirectional injections were thus conducted to determine the unsaturated in-plane permeability tensor of the fabric. Procedures used by participants were specified in the guidelines defined for this benchmark. Participants were asked to use the same values for parameters such as fiber volume fraction, injection pressure and fluid viscosity to minimize sources of scatter. The comparison of the results from each participant was encouraging. The scatter between data obtained while respecting the guidelines was below 25%. However, a higher dispersion was observed when some parameters differed from the recommendations of this exercise.The authors are grateful to J.M. Beraud from Hexcel Fabrics for his support that made possible this exercise. The contributions of J.B. Alms, N.C. Correia, S. Advani, E. Ruiz and P.C.T. Goncalves to the preparation of the guidelines document and templates are acknowledged by the participants of this benchmark.Vernet, N.; Ruiz, E.; Advani, S.; Alms, JB.; Aubert, M.; Barburski, M.; Barari, B.... (2014). Experimental determination of the permeability of engineering textiles: Benchmark II. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing. 61:172-184. doi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2014.02.010S1721846
The role of epigenetic dysregulation in the epidemic of allergic disease
The epidemic of allergic disease in early life is one of the clearest indicators that the developing immune system is vulnerable to modern environmental changes. A range of environmental exposures epidemiologically associated with allergic disease have been shown to have effects on the foetal immune function in pregnancy, including microbial burden, dietary changes and environmental pollutants. Preliminary studies now suggest that these early effects on immune development may be mediated epigenetically through a variety of processes that collectively modify gene expression and allergic susceptibility and that these effects are potentially heritable across generations. It is also possible that rising rates of maternal allergy, a recognised direct risk factor for infant allergic disease, may be further amplifying the effects of environmental changes. Whilst effective prevention strategies are the ultimate goal in reversing the allergy epidemic, the specific environmental drivers, target genes, and intracellular pathways and mechanisms of early life immune programming are still unclear. It is hoped that identifying genes that are differentially regulated in association with subsequent allergic disease will assist in identifying causal pathways and upstream contributing environmental factors. In this way, epigenetic paradigms are likely to provide valuable insights into how the early environment can be modified to more favourably drive immune development and reverse the allergic epidemic
Harmonisierungsbestrebungen im materiellen Patentrecht. Bestandsaufnahme und Entwicklung auf der Ebene der WIPO und der trilateralen Verträge
Informal Session des Standing Committee on the Law of Patents der WIPO in Genf vom 10. bis 12. April 2006
Diskussionsforum über den Entwurf des "Abkommens zur Harmonisierung materieller Fragen zum Patentrecht" (Substantive Patent Law Treaty - SPLT) vom 1. - 3. März 2006 in Genf
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NACA Technical Notes
Report presenting a method for calculating the pressures on aerodynamic shapes at very high supersonic speeds in dense air with the ratio of specific heats equal to 1. It is applicable to any body of revolution at zero angle of attack and to any two-dimensional profile. Some aerodynamic characteristics of several shapes are calculated, and lift and drag coefficients are shown to be dependent on thickness ratio, thickness distribution, and angle of attack
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