Wissensarchäologie statt Bologna-Falle : Annäherungen an die russische Germanistik als Wissenschaft

Der fremdkulturelle Blick der Deutschen auf die Germanistik in Russland wird vor allem durch die Tätigkeit der großen Mittlerorganisationen, allen voran des DAAD und des Goethe-Instituts, geprägt. Beide haben größte Verdienste daran, dass das kollegiale Netz zwischen Ost und West inzwischen ein wenig engmaschiger geworden ist, sie ermöglichen durch Wissenschaftsaustausch und Kulturtransfer allererst die gegenseitige Wahrnehmung der Germanistiken in beiden Ländern, aber sie definieren in dieser Stellung auch in einer gar nicht zu vermeidenden Weise die Logik, durch die die kulturelle Fremdwahrnehmung auf deutscher Seite gesteuert wird

[Deutsch-russische Germanistik :] Einleitung

Die deutsch-russischen Wissenschaftsbeziehungen sind historisch in einer Weise fundiert, die bis heute ihre Wirkungsmacht bewahrt hat. Als Peter der Große in Russland nicht nur ein Fenster nach Europa öffnete, sondern seinem Land eine Modernisierungsrevolution von oben nach westeuropäischen Mustern auferlegte, waren es auch und vor allem Deutsche, die er ins Land holte, um das Bildungsund Wissenschaftssystem der europäischen Neuzeit zu importieren. Deutsche waren es, die ganz wesentlich an der Konzeption und ab 1724 am Aufbau der Akademie der Wissenschaften in St. Petersburg beteiligt waren, das deutsche Universitätssystem stand Pate, als 1755 in Moskau die erste Universität unter anderem durch den in Marburg ausgebildeten Michail Lomonosov gegründet wurde. Mag es auch in der Geschichtswissenschaft umstritten sein, ob der Anteil der Deutschen am Aufbau des Wissenschafts- und Bildungssystems so extraordinär war, wie es in der Überlieferung oft behauptet wird, in jedem Fall ist diese Frage im kollektiven historischen Gedächtnis zugunsten der Deutschen fest entschieden

Sprache der Dichtung : Wilhelm Heinrich Wackenroder im Kontext der Spätaufklärung

"Mit dem Ursprunge einer Sache entgeht uns ein Theil ihrer Geschichte, die doch so viel in ihr erklären muß, und meistens der wichtigste Theil." Herders Plädoyer zugunsten einer genetischen Erklärungsweise verdient im Hinblick auf die Romantikforschung und ihren Zugang zum Werk Wilhelm Heinrich Wackenroders, dessen um die Mitte des Jahres 1796 erschienenes "Ehrengedächtniß unsers ehrwürdigen Ahnherrn Albrecht Dürers" als das erste literarische Zeugnis der Frühromantik gilt, besondere Beachtung. Sucht man nämlich das schmale Werk des bereits vierundzwanzigjährig verstorbenen Berliner Juristen rückblikkend an der Elle desjenigen zu messen, was Novalis und die Brüder Schlegel in einem intensiven und breit überlieferten Reflexionsprozeß als philosophisch-poetologisches Konzept "der" Frühromantik erarbeiteten, erscheint Wackenroders Beitrag - zumal das Bild des Autors bis heute unter der romantisierenden Gleichsetzung mit der Erzählerfigur des Klosterbruders leidet - allzu leicht als kindlich-naives Präludium ohne theoretisches Fundament

Forecasting of residential unit's heat demands: a comparison of machine learning techniques in a real-world case study

A large proportion of the energy consumed by private households is used for space heating and domestic hot water. In the context of the energy transition, the predominant aim is to reduce this consumption. In addition to implementing better energy standards in new buildings and refurbishing old buildings, intelligent energy management concepts can also contribute by operating heat generators according to demand based on an expected heat requirement. This requires forecasting models for heat demand to be as accurate and reliable as possible. In this paper, we present a case study of a newly built medium-sized living quarter in central Europe made up of 66 residential units from which we gathered consumption data for almost two years. Based on this data, we investigate the possibility of forecasting heat demand using a variety of time series models and offline and online machine learning (ML) techniques in a standard data science approach. We chose to analyze different modeling techniques as they can be used in different settings, where time series models require no additional data, offline ML needs a lot of data gathered up front, and online ML could be deployed from day one. A special focus lies on peak demand and outlier forecasting, as well as investigations into seasonal expert models. We also highlight the computational expense and explainability characteristics of the used models. We compare the used methods with naive models as well as each other, finding that time series models, as well as online ML, do not yield promising results. Accordingly, we will deploy one of the offline ML models in our real-world energy management system in the near future

Antenatal oligohydramnios of renal origin: long-term outcome

Background. Prognosis of fetuses with renal oligohydramnios (ROH) is often still regarded as poor. Neonatal complications and the long-term follow-up of fetuses with ROH in two pediatric centres are described. Method. 23 fetuses (16 males, 7 females) were included as patients. Primary diseases included congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (n = 16), autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (n = 4) and renal tubular dysgenesis (n = 3). The analysis includes retrospective chart review. Results. Seven children died (30%), the majority (n = 4, 17%) within the neonatal period due to pulmonary hypoplasia and renal insufficiency. Fourteen patients (61%) required postnatal mechanical ventilation for a median of 4 (range 1-60) days; 11 infants had an associated pneumothorax. All 16 surviving children have chronic kidney disease (CKD) at a current median age of 5.7 years (range 0.5-14.5), managed conservatively in eight patients [median glomerular filtration rate 51 (range 20-78) ml/min/1.73 m2]. Eight patients reached end-stage renal disease at a median age of 0.3 years (range 2 days to 8.3 years), including one patient with pre-emptive kidney transplantation. Five of the patients requiring dialysis underwent successful renal transplantation at a median age of 3.5 years (range 2.5-4). Growth was impaired in seven children requiring growth hormone treatment. Cognitive and motor development was normal in 12 (75%) of the 16 patients and showed a delay in four children, including two with associated syndromal features. Conclusion. ROH is not always associated with a poor prognosis and long-term outcome in survivors is encouraging. The high incidence of neonatal complications and long-term morbidity due to CKD requires a multidisciplinary management of these childre

Recurrence of severe steroid dependency in cyclosporin A-treated childhood idiopathic nephrotic syndrome

Background. In patients with steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome (SDNS), long-term remission (LTR) can usually be achieved with cyclosporin A (CSA), after alternative treatment with cytotoxic drugs or levamisole has failed. Nevertheless, severe SDNS recurs in some patients despite CSA maintenance therapy. Few data are available on the clinical course and treatment strategies in these patients. Methods. We carried out a retrospective chart analysis of 46 patients with SDNS treated with CSA, after failure of cyctotoxic treatment with cyclophosphamide (CPO). Median age at primary manifestation was 3.0 years (range 0.8-6.9) and median current age is 20.4 years (range 8.6-29.1). Patients were recruited from three centres caring for a total of 186 patients with steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome. Results. In 14 of the 46 patients (30%; 10 male), severe SDNS recurred again despite CSA maintenance therapy. Seven patients relapsed beyond the age of 18 years. Nine of 14 patients received a further course of cytotoxic treatment as first intervention: six were treated with chlorambucil (CLA) and three with CPO. Four of the CLA-treated patients remained in LTR in contrast to none after CPO. Five patients received levamisole after CSA: only one went into LTR, while in one other CSA could be discontinued although further relapses occurred. One further patient was switched to CLA after levamisole, finally inducing LTR. Overall, six patients required two or more drugs, and in four of these CSA maintenance ultimately had to be restarted. Conclusion. We conclude that SDNS can recur in patients despite CSA maintenance therapy. Treatment strategies for this subgroup of patients are complex and should be standardized to optimize long-term outcome. A subgroup of patients with childhood SDNS continues to relapse into adulthoo

Quantitative Stain-free and Continuous Multimodal Monitoring of Wound Healing in vitro with Digital Holographic Microscopy

Impaired epithelial wound healing has significant pathophysiological implications in several conditions including gastrointestinal ulcers, anastomotic leakage and venous or diabetic skin ulcers. Promising drug candidates for accelerating wound closure are commonly evaluated in in vitro wound assays. However, staining procedures and discontinuous monitoring are major drawbacks hampering accurate assessment of wound assays. We therefore investigated digital holographic microscopy (DHM) to appropriately monitor wound healing in vitro and secondly, to provide multimodal quantitative information on morphological and functional cell alterations as well as on motility changes upon cytokine stimulation. Wound closure as reflected by proliferation and migration of Caco-2 cells in wound healing assays was studied and assessed in time-lapse series for 40 h in the presence of stimulating epidermal growth factor (EGF) and inhibiting mitomycin c. Therefore, digital holograms were recorded continuously every thirty minutes. Morphological changes including cell thickness, dry mass and tissue density were analyzed by data from quantitative digital holographic phase microscopy. Stimulation of Caco-2 cells with EGF or mitomycin c resulted in significant morphological changes during wound healing compared to control cells. In conclusion, DHM allows accurate, stain-free and continuous multimodal quantitative monitoring of wound healing in vitro and could be a promising new technique for assessment of wound healing

A Guide to ALMA Operations and Interactions with the Community

A primary goal of the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) has always been to be a facility accessible to astronomers, radio-interferometry experts and non-experts alike. As a project, it is strongly committed to listening to its users and to utilising this input in decision making and priority setting. Feedback from the community highlights the perceived complexity of ALMA’s organisational structure and, by extension, a diffuse uncertainty around how to make users’ voices heard. The aim of this article is to provide insight into the functioning of ALMA as an integrated observatory, with an emphasis on science and science operations. We present information on the ways the observatory communicates with the broader community, with a focus on the mechanisms by which the community can provide feedback to the project

More insight into the fate of biomedical meeting abstracts: a systematic review

BACKGROUND: It has been estimated that about 45% of abstracts that are accepted for presentation at biomedical meetings will subsequently be published in full. The acceptance of abstracts at meetings and their fate after initial rejection are less well understood. We set out to estimate the proportion of abstracts submitted to meetings that are eventually published as full reports, and to explore factors that are associated with meeting acceptance and successful publication. METHODS: Studies analysing acceptance of abstracts at biomedical meetings or their subsequent full publication were searched in MEDLINE, OLDMEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, BIOSIS, Science Citation Index Expanded, and by hand searching of bibliographies and proceedings. We estimated rates of abstract acceptance and of subsequent full publication, and identified abstract and meeting characteristics associated with acceptance and publication, using logistic regression analysis, survival-type analysis, and meta-analysis. RESULTS: Analysed meetings were held between 1957 and 1999. Of 14945 abstracts that were submitted to 43 meetings, 46% were accepted. The rate of full publication was studied with 19123 abstracts that were presented at 234 meetings. Using survival-type analysis, we estimated that 27% were published after two, 41% after four, and 44% after six years. Of 2412 abstracts that were rejected at 24 meetings, 27% were published despite rejection. Factors associated with both abstract acceptance and subsequent publication were basic science and positive study outcome. Large meetings and those held outside the US were more likely to accept abstracts. Abstracts were more likely to be published subsequently if presented either orally, at small meetings, or at a US meeting. Abstract acceptance itself was strongly associated with full publication. CONCLUSIONS: About one third of abstracts submitted to biomedical meetings were published as full reports. Acceptance at meetings and publication were associated with specific characteristics of abstracts and meetings