Relationship between Yield, Fiber Length and other Fiber-Related Traits in Advanced Cotton Strains

The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between yield, fiber length and other fiber related traits in advanced cotton strains, derived from a cotton breeding program. The experiments were conducted in the Southeastern Anatolia Agricultural Research Institute’s experimental area according to randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications during 2007 and 2008 cotton growing season. In the study, 9 advanced cotton strains and 2 check varieties (‘GW-Teks’ and ‘Stoneville 468’) were used as plant materials. The results of the statistical analysis indicated that the advanced cotton strains had significant differences in terms of the investigated characteristics when compared to the check varieties. The highest seed cotton yield (4087.0 kg ha-1) and fiber yield (1632.2 kg ha-1) were obtained from ‘SET-34’ cotton strain which had acceptable fiber quality properties. However, the highest fiber length (32.33 mm) was obtained from ‘ERA-85’. The correlation analysis indicated that there were significant negative correlations between fiber length and seed cotton yield, lint yield and ginning percentage, while there were positive and significant correlations between fiber length and fiber strength

Combining Ability Estimates and Heterosis for Yield and Fiber Quality of Cotton in Line x Tester Design

The objective of this study was to facilitate the selection in cotton breeding program and estimate the general combining ability (GCA) of the parents and specific combining ability (SCA) of hybrids considered for the development of high yielding and better fiber quality in early generations. The study was carried out at the Southeastern Anatolia Agricultural Research Institute during 2006 and 2007 cotton growing season. Seven cotton lines (which are known as high quality) and three testers (which are known as well adapted and high yielding) were crossed in a line x tester mating design in 2006. Ten genotypes and 21 F1 hybrids were planted in the randomized complete block design with three replications at the same experimental area in 2007. The variance due to GCA and SCA were highly significant for all the traits studied. This indicated that both additive and non-additive gene effects were responsible for the investigated characters. From the trial it was found that in the population, fiber length, fiber fineness and fiber elongation were influenced by additive gene effects while seed cotton yield, fiber yield, ginning percentage, fiber strength and fiber uniformity were influenced by non-additive gene effects. Among the parents FiberMax 832, Teks, Stoneville 453 and MaraÅŸ 92 for seed cotton yield and fiber yield; AÅŸkabat 71 and Giza 45 for fiber length and fiber strength; AÅŸkabat 71 for fiber fineness and fiber uniformity were detected with higher general combining ability. Most of the parents except AÅŸkabat 71, Giza 45 and MaraÅŸ 92 exhibited GCA for ginning percentage. SCA was significant for FiberMax 832 x Stoneville 453, Tam 94 L 25 x MaraÅŸ 92 and Teks x Stoneville 453 hybrid combinations for yield with acceptable fiber quality

Assessment of Tolerance Level of some Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Varieties against Verticillium wilt (Verticillium dahliae Kleb.) Disease

The objective of this study was to assess the tolerance level of some cotton varieties against Verticillium wilt (Verticillium dahliae Kleb.) disease. Verticillium wilt is one of the major constraint diseases of cotton production worldwide and also in Turkey. The study was carried out at the Southeastern Anatolia Agricultural Research Institute’s naturally infected experimental area during 2004-2006. In this study, 10 different commercial cotton varieties were used as plant material. The experimental design was a randomized complete-block with four replications. During the cotton growing season, foliar disease index (FDI), vascular disease index (VDI) and vascular disease rate (VDR) were observed in addition to seed cotton yield and some fiber quality characteristics. According to the results, it was determined that with regards to FDI, VDI and VDR, the most tolerant varieties were ‘GW-Teks’, ‘GW-Golda’ and ‘Carmen’, while the most sensitive varieties were ‘Maraş 92’, ‘Sayar 314’ and ‘Stoneville 453’. The other varieties had moderate tolerance levels. The highest seed cotton yield and lint yield were obtained from ‘DP-Deltaopal’ and ‘Stoneville 453’. These results showed that some sensitive varieties had high yield; the reason for this situation may be related with early or late occurrence of the disease. The result of this study indicated that ‘GW-Teks’, ‘GW-Golda’ and ‘Carmen’ varieties must be preferred for infected areas; on the other hand, ‘DP-Deltaopal’ and ‘Stoneville 453’ can be recommended and grown in uninfected areas. Additionally, ‘Carmen’, ‘GW-Teks’ and ‘GW-Golda’ varieties can be used as material for improving disease resistance in cotton breeding programs

DETERMINATION THE EFFECT OF DEFOLIATION TIMING ON COTTON YIELD AND QUALITY

This study was carried out for determining the effect of different application times at 40, 50, 60 and 70 % boll opening and untreated plot of the defoliant on cotton yield, earliness and technological properties in Southeast Anatolia Region conditions in Turkey. Maras 92 cotton variety was used as plant material in the experiment field of the Southeast Anatolia Agricultural Research Institute during 2000-2001. Defoliant was including thidiazuron + diuron chemical substance. The result of this study showed that ginning percentage, 100 seed weight, seed germination percentage, fiber fineness, fiber length, fiber strength, reflectance, elongation and seed cotton yield were not affected by the treatment; plant height and first picking percentage in 2001, fiber uniformity in 2000 were 5 % significantly affected. This study showed that application of defoliant didn’t affect significantly yield and technological properties of cotton and after 40 % boll opening the defoliant can be used

Genome-Wide Transcriptional Reorganization Associated with Senescence-to-Immortality Switch during Human Hepatocellular Carcinogenesis

Cataloged from PDF version of article.Senescence is a permanent proliferation arrest in response to cell stress such as DNA damage. It contributes strongly to tissue aging and serves as a major barrier against tumor development. Most tumor cells are believed to bypass the senescence barrier (become "immortal") by inactivating growth control genes such as TP53 and CDKN2A. They also reactivate telomerase reverse transcriptase. Senescence-to-immortality transition is accompanied by major phenotypic and biochemical changes mediated by genome-wide transcriptional modifications. This appears to happen during hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development in patients with liver cirrhosis, however, the accompanying transcriptional changes are virtually unknown. We investigated genome-wide transcriptional changes related to the senescence-to-immortality switch during hepatocellular carcinogenesis. Initially, we performed transcriptome analysis of senescent and immortal clones of Huh7 HCC cell line, and identified genes with significant differential expression to establish a senescence-related gene list. Through the analysis of senescence-related gene expression in different liver tissues we showed that cirrhosis and HCC display expression patterns compatible with senescent and immortal phenotypes, respectively; dysplasia being a transitional state. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed that cirrhosis/senescence-associated genes were preferentially expressed in non-tumor tissues, less malignant tumors, and differentiated or senescent cells. In contrast, HCC/immortality genes were up-regulated in tumor tissues, or more malignant tumors and progenitor cells. In HCC tumors and immortal cells genes involved in DNA repair, cell cycle, telomere extension and branched chain amino acid metabolism were up-regulated, whereas genes involved in cell signaling, as well as in drug, lipid, retinoid and glycolytic metabolism were down-regulated. Based on these distinctive gene expression features we developed a 15-gene hepatocellular immortality signature test that discriminated HCC from cirrhosis with high accuracy. Our findings demonstrate that senescence bypass plays a central role in hepatocellular carcinogenesis engendering systematic changes in the transcription of genes regulating DNA repair, proliferation, differentiation and metabolism

Potential Role of Plant Growth Regulators in Administering Crucial Processes Against Abiotic Stresses

Plant growth regulators are naturally biosynthesized chemicals in plants that influence physiological processes. Their synthetic analogous trigger numerous biochemical and physiological processes involved in the growth and development of plants. Nowadays, due to changing climatic scenario, numerous biotic and abiotic stresses hamper seed germination, seedling growth, and plant development leading to a decline in biological and economic yields. However, plant growth regulators (PGRs) can potentially play a fundamental role in regulating plant responses to various abiotic stresses and hence, contribute to plant adaptation under adverse environments. The major effects of abiotic stresses are growth and yield disturbance, and both these effects are directly overseen by the PGRs. Different types of PGRs such as abscisic acid (ABA), salicylic acid (SA), ethylene (ET), and jasmonates (JAs) are connected to boosting the response of plants to multiple stresses. In contrast, PGRs including cytokinins (CKs), gibberellins (GAs), auxin, and relatively novel PGRs such as strigolactones (SLs), and brassinosteroids (BRs) are involved in plant growth and development under normal and stressful environmental conditions. Besides, polyamines and nitric oxide (NO), although not considered as phytohormones, have been included in the current review due to their involvement in the regulation of several plant processes and stress responses. These PGRs are crucial for regulating stress adaptation through the modulates physiological, biochemical, and molecular processes and activation of the defense system, upregulating of transcript levels, transcription factors, metabolism genes, and stress proteins at cellular levels. The current review presents an acumen of the recent progress made on different PGRs to improve plant tolerance to abiotic stress such as heat, drought, salinity, and flood. Moreover, it highlights the research gaps on underlying mechanisms of PGRs biosynthesis under stressed conditions and their potential roles in imparting tolerance against adverse effects of suboptimal growth conditions.Fil: Sabagh, Ayman EL. Kafrelsheikh University; EgiptoFil: Mbarki, Sonia. National Institute Of Research In Rural Engineering; TúnezFil: Hossain, Akbar. Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute; BangladeshFil: Iqbal, Muhammad Aamir. University Of Poonch Rawalakot; PakistánFil: Islam, Mohammad Sohidul. Hajee Mohammad Danesh And Technology University; BangladeshFil: Raza, Ali. Fujian Agriculture And Forestry University; ChinaFil: Llanes, Analia Susana. Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto. Facultad de Cs.exactas Fisicoquimicas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Agrobiotecnologicas. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - Cordoba. Instituto de Investigaciones Agrobiotecnologicas.; ArgentinaFil: Reginato, Mariana Andrea. Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto. Facultad de Cs.exactas Fisicoquimicas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Agrobiotecnologicas. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - Cordoba. Instituto de Investigaciones Agrobiotecnologicas.; ArgentinaFil: Rahman, Md Atikur. Grassland And Forage Division National Institute; Corea del SurFil: Mahboob, Wajid. Nuclear Institute Of Agriculture,; PakistánFil: Singhal, Rajesh Kumar. Indian Council Of Agricultural Research; IndiaFil: Kumari, Arpna. Guru Nanak Dev University; IndiaFil: Rajendran, Arvind. Vellore Institute Of Technology; IndiaFil: Wasaya, Allah. Bahauddin Zakariya University; PakistánFil: Javed, Talha. Fujian Agriculture And Forestry University; JapónFil: Shabbir, Rubab. University Of Poonch Rawalakot; PakistánFil: Rahim, Junaid. University Of Çukurova; PakistánFil: Barutçular, Celaleddin. Institute Of Crop Science And Resource Conservation; AlemaniaFil: Habib Ur Rahman, Muhammad. Sichuan Agricultural University; ChinaFil: Raza, Muhammad Ali. Sichuan Agricultural University; ChinaFil: Ratnasekera, Disna. University Of Ruhuna; Sri LankaFil: Konuskan l, Ömer. Mustafa Kemal University; TurquíaFil: Hossain, Mohammad Anwar. Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute; BangladeshFil: Meena, Vijay Singh. Indian Council Of Agricultural Research; IndiaFil: Ahmed, Sharif. Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute; BangladeshFil: Ahmad, Zahoor. Bangladesh Wheat And Maize Research Institute; BangladeshFil: Mubeen, Muhammad. Sichuan Agricultural University; ChinaFil: Singh, Kulvir. Punjab Agricultural University; IndiaFil: Skalicky, Milan. Czech University Of Life Sciences Prague; República ChecaFil: Brestic, Marian. Slovak University Of Agriculture; EslovaquiaFil: Sytar, Oksana. Slovak University Of Agriculture; EsloveniaFil: Karademir, Emine. Siirt University; TurquíaFil: Karademir, Cetin. Siirt University; TurquíaFil: Erman, Murat. Siirt University; TurquíaFil: Farooq, Muhammad. College Of Agricultural And Marine Sciences Sultan; Omá

Determination of Heterotic Effects in Breeding of Multi Adversity Resistance in Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)

WOS: 000279315000001This study was carried out to determine heterosis and heterobeltiosis values of F(1) hybrid combinations obtained from Multi Adversity Resistance breeding program and selection of promising hybrids in early generations, and to find out contributions of parents to the heterosis and heterobeltiosis values and ensuring usage of these promising parents in the next cotton breeding programs. In this study, 4 cotton varieties (Tamcot CD 3H, Tamcot HQ 95, Tamcot Sphinx and Tamcot Luxor), developed by Multi Adversity Resistance breeding program, 3 commercial cotton varieties (Maras 92, Stoneville 453 and Sayar 314) and 21 F(1) hybrids obtained by 7 x 7 half diallel quantitative analysis method. Investigation was conducted in the South East Anatolia Agricultural Research Institute's experimental area. The results of the study indicated that there were significant heterotic effects for most of investigated characteristics. F1 hybrids had higher values than parents in terms of investigated characteristics. The seed cotton yield had the highest heterosis and heterobeltiosis values. From the study; 3x6 (Stoneville 453 x Tamcot Sphinx), 3x4 (Stoneville 453 x Tamcot CD 3H) and 2x7 (Sayar 314 x Tamcot Luxor) hybrid combinations were determined as the most promising hybrids in terms of all of investigated characteristics. Contributions of parents to the heterosis and heterobeltiosis values for all investigated characters were detected. The results showed that Stoneville 453, Tamcot Luxor and Tamcot Sphinx had the most contribution to the seed cotton yield, respectively

Correlations and Path Coefficient Analysis Between Leaf Chlorophyll Content Yield and Yield Components in Cotton (G.hirsutum L.) under Drought Stress Conditions

In this study 20 genotypes, including 2 cultivars and 18 advanced cotton lines were grown under induced drought stress conditions. Twenty cotton genotypes were evaluated in terms of leaf chlorophyll content, number of boll per plant, boll weight, seed cotton weight per boll, number of monopodial branches, number of sympodial branches, 100 seed weight, plant height, ginning out turn and seed cotton yield. According to results of analysis of variance there were significant differences among the genotypes in terms of leaf chlorophyll content, seed cotton weight per boll, 100 seed weight, plant height and ginning out turn. There were significant correlations between leaf chlorophyll content, seed cotton yield (r= 0.231*) and ginning out turn (r= 0.320**), however positive but non- significant correlations were observed among leaf chlorophyll content and other investigated characteristics except for plant height and 100 seed weight. Phenotypic correlations were also partitioned into path coefficients, keeping seed cotton yield as the resultant variable and other components as causals. Path analysis revealed that leaf chlorophyll content, plant height, number of monopodial branches, ginning out turn and 100 seed weight had direct effect on seed cotton yield under drought stress conditions. Partitioning through path coefficient analysis revealed that leaf chlorophyll content may be one of the indicators in the improvement of seed cotton yield in cotton under drought stress conditions

The Effect of Application of Different Doses of Acid Mixture Seed Coating Method on Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Yield and Fiber Technological Characteristics

This study was carried out to determine the effects of different rates of seed coating of an organic acid mixture (citric acid, glutamate, and proline) on the yield and technological characteristics of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Before seeding, cotton seeds were coated with an organic acid mixture product [0.75% citric acid, 0.25% glutamate, 0.25% proline, and 98.75 inert ingredients (water)], in six different doses (500, 1000, 1500, 2000, and 2500 cc) to compare with control (uncoated). Seed cotton yield, fiber yield, plant height, number of monopodial branches, number of sympodial branches, number of nodes of the first fruiting branch, number of bolls per plant, boll weight, boll seed cotton weight, first picking percentage, 100 seeds weight, fiber fineness, fiber length, fiber strength, fiber elongation, fiber uniformity ratio, short fiber index, fiber yellowness (+ b), fiber reflectance (Rd) and spinning consistency index (SCI) values were examined. The results of statistical analysis indicated that there were significant differences between treatments in terms of seed cotton yield, fiber yield, boll weight, boll seed cotton weight, first picking percentage, and the number of nodes of the first fruiting branch, while there was a non-significant association in terms of other examined observations and fiber technological characteristics. The highest seed cotton yield was obtained from 1500 cc application doses as 5073.80 kg ha-1 which was 19,78% (838.00 kg ha-1) higher than that of the control (4235.80 kg ha-1). In conclusion in light of the information obtained from this study, a remarkable increase in yield was obtained as a result of coating the cotton seeds with the product containing organic acid mixtures (citric acid, glutamate, and proline) at different doses. For this reason, it was concluded that it may be recommended to cover the seeds with the aforementioned mixtures before sowing

Variability in Yield and Fiber Technological Properties of Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)

The aim of this study was to determine the variability in yield and fiber technological properties in advanced cotton lines developed through cotton breeding program of the Southeastern Anatolia Agricultural Research Institute (SAARI). The experiment was conducted in the SAARI�s experimental field according to Augmented Design (AD) with six replications. In the study, 66 advanced cotton breeding lines and 3 control varieties (�Stoneville 468�, �GW-Teks�, and �Fantom�) were used as plant materials. Variation levels of 69 genotypes in yield and fiber technological properties were measured. Minimum and maximum values were 3337.60-6644.20 kg ha-1 for seed cotton yield, 1277.10-2659.20 kg ha-1 for fiber yield, and 34.28-41.70% for ginning percentage. Statistical analysis indicated that great majority of the plants (47.82%) had values between 4990.90-5817.55 kg ha -1 for seed cotton yield and 53.62% had values between 1968.15-2313.68 kg ha -1 for fiber yield. It was determined that ginning percentage was more than 39.85% for the 10.14%, fiber length was more than 29.76 mm for the 18.84%, fiber strength was more than 31.78 g tex-1 for the 8.7%, and fiber uniformity was more than 86.55% for the 13.05% of the materials. It was also determined that 1.45% of the material was very thin and 13.04% of the material was above 6.59% for fiber elongation and for short fiber index of 46.38% of the material ranged from 6.90 to 7.63