Determine the population dynamics of asymetresca decedens & empoasca decipiens paoli. (hem.: cicadellidae ) on some cotton varieties

Çalışmada 2008 ve 2009 yılında makineli hasada uygun 9 farklı pamuk çeşidinde Pamuk Yaprak biti (Aphis gossypii Glov.) ve Pamuk Yaprak pireleri (Asymetresca decedens & Empoasca decipiens Paoli)'nin popülasyon değişimi incelenmiştir. Çalışmada yaprak biti yoğunluğu az olmasından dolayı değerlendirmeye alınmamış, yaprak pireleri değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmanın yürütüldüğü her iki yılda da Pamuk Yaprak pireleri (Asymetrasca decedens, Empoasca decipiens )'nin yoğunluğu mücadele eşiğinin altında olmasına rağmen, denemeye alınan çeşitlerden Lider pamuk çeşidinde, pamuk yaprak piresi yoğunluğunun en düşük seviyede olduğu, bunu ST 468 ve GSN 12 çeşidinin takip ettiği, en yüksek zararlı popülasyonunun ise Nazilli 954 ve NAPA 122 çeşitlerinde görüldüğü belirlenmiştir. Tüylü çeşitlerdeki Empoasca spp. popülasyonunun diğer çeşitlere göre daha düşük seviyede olduğu görülmüştür. Ayrıca, en yüksek verimin tüy sayısı fazla ve zararlı yoğunluğunun düşük olduğu Lider çeşidinde görülmüştür. Sonuç olarak, zararlı yoğunluğunun ekonomik zarar eşiği üzerine çıkmasa da tüy miktarının zararlı yoğunluğu üzerinde etkili olduğu ve mücadelede önemli rol oynayabileceği düşünülmektedir.The study was conducted between 2008 and 2009 growing seasons at the cotton research institute of Nazilli in Aydın province. In the study, the population dynamics of Aphis gossypii Glov. and Asymmetrasca decedens and Empoasca decipiens Paoli were observed on nine cotton varieties which were harvested by the machine. During the two-year study, due to low amount of A. gossypii the population was not calculated. Therefore, population of Empoasca spp. was studied. During the study even the population of A. decedens and E. decipiens was under the economic injury level, the lowest population was observed on Lider variety followed by ST-468 and GSN 12 varieties. On the other hand, more populations were observed on Nazilli 954 and NAPA122 varieties. Also, the highest yield was observed on Lider variety which has more hair density and low population amount. As a result, even the population was not reached to the economic injury level, the amount of the hair has impact on the population and should be useful against the insect in managment

Is there any genetic predisposition of MMP-9 gene C1562T and MTHFR gene C677T polymorphisms with essential hypertension?

The current study was conducted to determine whether there is a relation between hypertension and two different polymorphisms, including C1562T of the Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) gene and C677T of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene. Genomic DNA obtained from 224 persons (125 patients with hypertension and 99 healthy controls) were used in the study. Polymorphisms were determined by using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism and electrophoresis. The results were statistically analyzed and were found to be statistically significant. The frequencies of the C1562T genotypes were found to be, in controls CC 75.8 % and CT 24.2 % and in patients CC 71.2 %, and CT 28.8 %. The frequencies of C677T genotype were found to be, in controls CC 56.6 %, CT 38.4 and TT 5.1 % in controls and in patients CC 52 %, CT 30.4 % and TT 17.6 %. In conclusion, we may suggest that there is no relation between the essential hypertension and C1562T polymorphism of MMP-9 gene; on the other hand C677T polymorphism (genotype TT) of MTHFR gene can be regarded as a genetic indicator for the development of essential hypertension.Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan (MEXT), Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (KAKENHI): 2450132

Investigation of relationship between IL-6 gene variants and hypertension in Turkish population

Hypertension (HT) is a common and life threating health problem worldwide leading to stroke, heart attack and renal failure. It is characterized by elevated blood pressure forced heart load. Human interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C- reactive protein (CRP) are known to be involved in inflammatory processes. IL-6 gene is a polymorphic gene which -174 G/C is a common and -572 G/C is a rare polymorphisms identified in promoter region. Publications on IL-6 gene polymorphisms raised the question whether this gene polymorphisms lead to susceptibility to HT or not. To investigate the effects of IL-6 gene -174 G/C (rs 1800795) and -572 G/C (rs1800796) polymorphisms on plasma IL-6 and CRP levels and their associations with hypertension disease in Turkish population we analyzed -174 G/C and -572 G/C polymorphisms and plasma IL-6 and CRP levels in 111 healthy controls and 108 hypertension patients from Adyaman, Turkey. We determined the genotypes using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism and analyzed plasma levels of IL-6 by ELISA and CRP by automated standard biochemical methods. We have found no statistically significant differences between IL-6 gene -174 G/C and -572 G/C genotypes and allelic frequencies and IL-6 and CRP plasma levels and HT (p > 0.05). No CC genotype was found in control subjects for -572 G/C polymorphism. In conclusion, we found relation to -174 G/C and -572 G/C gene variants between neither IL-6 and CRP levels nor hypertension. The -572 G allele and GG genotype are predominant in Turkish population in Adyaman, Turkey whereas the CC genotype is very rare.This study was supported by a grant of the Research Foundation of Adiyaman University (FEFYL/2012-0002), Turkey

Accessory Nerve Anatomy in Anterior and Posterior Cervical Triangle: A Fresh Cadaveric Study

Objective: To understand the variations and normal course of the accessory nerve (CNXI) to help more accurate and confident neck dissection.Methods: The course of the CNXI in the neck, its relationship to the surrounding anatomic structures and the factors affecting its course were investigated.Results: A total of 100 neck dissections were performed on 50 fresh cadavers. Eleven division variations were observed at the anterior triangle. The location of CNXI at the posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle (PBSCM) was investigated and the ratio between the distance from the mastoid apex (MAA) to CNXI at the PBSCM and the distance from MAA to the posterior border where the PBSCM is attached to the clavicle increased as height of the subject increased (p<0.05).Conclusion: It must be kept in mind that it is better to search for CNXI in taller subjects more inferiorly at the posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle

Erratum: Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

Interpretation: By quantifying levels and trends in exposures to risk factors and the resulting disease burden, this assessment offers insight into where past policy and programme efforts might have been successful and highlights current priorities for public health action. Decreases in behavioural, environmental, and occupational risks have largely offset the effects of population growth and ageing, in relation to trends in absolute burden. Conversely, the combination of increasing metabolic risks and population ageing will probably continue to drive the increasing trends in non-communicable diseases at the global level, which presents both a public health challenge and opportunity. We see considerable spatiotemporal heterogeneity in levels of risk exposure and risk-attributable burden. Although levels of development underlie some of this heterogeneity, O/E ratios show risks for which countries are overperforming or underperforming relative to their level of development. As such, these ratios provide a benchmarking tool to help to focus local decision making. Our findings reinforce the importance of both risk exposure monitoring and epidemiological research to assess causal connections between risks and health outcomes, and they highlight the usefulness of the GBD study in synthesising data to draw comprehensive and robust conclusions that help to inform good policy and strategic health planning

Outcomes from elective colorectal cancer surgery during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic

This study aimed to describe the change in surgical practice and the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on mortality after surgical resection of colorectal cancer during the initial phases of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic

The Pre-Main Sequence Evolutionary Models of Low Mass Stars in the Mass Range 0.30M\odot-0.60M\odot

Abstract:&nbsp;Evolutionary models of stars of low mass in the mass range of 0.30 to 0.60 solar masses are presented. Each model begins from the threshold of stability and the evolution progresses up to the Zero Age Main Sequence (ZAMS). Particular attention has been paid to the treatment of the electron screening factors and recent values of thermonuclear reaction rates. A comparison for the effects of new opacity values and the one that is used in this study is also given.</p