Jorge Insunza Becker. Escritos políticos e ideológicos, Medio siglo de pensamiento comunista, textos escogidos, 1960-2012, T.4

Jorge Insunza Becker (April 21, 1936-March 17, 2019) was one of the main leaders of the Chilean Communist Party since the 1960s. He joined the Communist Youth in 1954. In 1962 he was promoted to the Central Committee of the PC and from 1965 he was part of his Political Commission, the one that led the triumph of Salvador Allende in 1970. After the 1973 coup d'état, he was part of the first clandestine communist leadership that assumed the resistance to the dictatorship, together with Víctor Díaz, Américo Zorrilla, Mario Zamorano and Uldarico Donaire. With the return to democracy, he was one of the main figures who addressed the crisis in the socialist countries and the reconstruction of a project of the revolutionary left. Likewise, he had an active role in the agreements that allowed the return of the PC to Congress in 2010 and promoted the pact that allowed the communists to return to government with President Michelle Bachelet in 2014. The 4 volumes that we present cover a large part of the extensive journalistic and political work of this outstanding leader of the Chilean left. Arranged in chronological sequence, the texts collect the main part of his intellectual elaboration from the 1960s to the beginning of the 21st century (Volumes I, II, III). Volume IV is a selection of the most relevant of his career, facilitating the documentary relationship contained in the previous volumes. Undoubtedly, due to the breadth of the compilation made, the whole of this work will be extremely useful both for specialists in history, and for the consultation of interested parties in general. Finally, the contributions of Isabel Torres and Rolando Álvarez, both historians, help to enhance the meaning of the performance that Jorge Insunza took on

Jorge Insunza Becker. Escritos políticos e ideológicos, 1960-1969, T.1

Jorge Insunza Becker (April 21, 1936-March 17, 2019) was one of the main leaders of the Chilean Communist Party since the 1960s. He joined the Communist Youth in 1954. In 1962 he was promoted to the Central Committee of the PC and from 1965 he was part of his Political Commission, the one that led the triumph of Salvador Allende in 1970. After the 1973 coup d'état, he was part of the first clandestine communist leadership that assumed the resistance to the dictatorship, together with Víctor Díaz, Américo Zorrilla, Mario Zamorano and Uldarico Donaire. With the return to democracy, he was one of the main figures who addressed the crisis in the socialist countries and the reconstruction of a project of the revolutionary left. Likewise, he had an active role in the agreements that allowed the return of the PC to Congress in 2010 and promoted the pact that allowed the communists to return to government with President Michelle Bachelet in 2014. The 4 volumes that we present cover a large part of the extensive journalistic and political work of this outstanding leader of the Chilean left. Arranged in chronological sequence, the texts collect the main part of his intellectual elaboration from the 1960s to the beginning of the 21st century (Volumes I, II, III). Volume IV is a selection of the most relevant of his career, facilitating the documentary relationship contained in the previous volumes. Undoubtedly, due to the breadth of the compilation made, the whole of this work will be extremely useful both for specialists in history, and for the consultation of interested parties in general. Finally, the contributions of Isabel Torres and Rolando Álvarez, both historians, help to enhance the meaning of the performance that Jorge Insunza took on

Jorge Insunza Becker. Escritos políticos e ideológicos, 1970-1979, T.2

Jorge Insunza Becker (April 21, 1936-March 17, 2019) was one of the main leaders of the Chilean Communist Party since the 1960s. He joined the Communist Youth in 1954. In 1962 he was promoted to the Central Committee of the PC and from 1965 he was part of his Political Commission, the one that led the triumph of Salvador Allende in 1970. After the 1973 coup d'état, he was part of the first clandestine communist leadership that assumed the resistance to the dictatorship, together with Víctor Díaz, Américo Zorrilla, Mario Zamorano and Uldarico Donaire. With the return to democracy, he was one of the main figures who addressed the crisis in the socialist countries and the reconstruction of a project of the revolutionary left. Likewise, he had an active role in the agreements that allowed the return of the PC to Congress in 2010 and promoted the pact that allowed the communists to return to government with President Michelle Bachelet in 2014. The 4 volumes that we present cover a large part of the extensive journalistic and political work of this outstanding leader of the Chilean left. Arranged in chronological sequence, the texts collect the main part of his intellectual elaboration from the 1960s to the beginning of the 21st century (Volumes I, II, III). Volume IV is a selection of the most relevant of his career, facilitating the documentary relationship contained in the previous volumes. Undoubtedly, due to the breadth of the compilation made, the whole of this work will be extremely useful both for specialists in history, and for the consultation of interested parties in general. Finally, the contributions of Isabel Torres and Rolando Álvarez, both historians, help to enhance the meaning of the performance that Jorge Insunza took on

Jorge Insunza Becker. Escritos políticos e ideológicos, 1980-2015, T.3

Jorge Insunza Becker (April 21, 1936-March 17, 2019) was one of the main leaders of the Chilean Communist Party since the 1960s. He joined the Communist Youth in 1954. In 1962 he was promoted to the Central Committee of the PC and from 1965 he was part of his Political Commission, the one that led the triumph of Salvador Allende in 1970. After the 1973 coup d'état, he was part of the first clandestine communist leadership that assumed the resistance to the dictatorship, together with Víctor Díaz, Américo Zorrilla, Mario Zamorano and Uldarico Donaire. With the return to democracy, he was one of the main figures who addressed the crisis in the socialist countries and the reconstruction of a project of the revolutionary left. Likewise, he had an active role in the agreements that allowed the return of the PC to Congress in 2010 and promoted the pact that allowed the communists to return to government with President Michelle Bachelet in 2014. The 4 volumes that we present cover a large part of the extensive journalistic and political work of this outstanding leader of the Chilean left. Arranged in chronological sequence, the texts collect the main part of his intellectual elaboration from the 1960s to the beginning of the 21st century (Volumes I, II, III). Volume IV is a selection of the most relevant of his career, facilitating the documentary relationship contained in the previous volumes. Undoubtedly, due to the breadth of the compilation made, the whole of this work will be extremely useful both for specialists in history, and for the consultation of interested parties in general. Finally, the contributions of Isabel Torres and Rolando Álvarez, both historians, help to enhance the meaning of the performance that Jorge Insunza took on

Sewage Sludge to Fertilise Durum Wheat: Effects on Crop and Soil

The vast quantities of degradable waste generated in urban areas may negatively influence the environment if improperly managed. This study examines effects on soil properties, yield and morphological performance of winter wheat (Triticum turgidum L. cv. Vitron) after applying composted and air-dried sewage sludge. The experiment was conducted on the field scale in two different farm soil plots Toledo, (central Spain) with different characteristics, especially salinity, concentration of chlorides, sulphates and pH. Three fertiliser treatments were considered: commercial fertiliser; air-dried sewage sludge and composted sewage sludge. Sewage sludge promoted better yields than the commercial fertiliser, and preserved soil physico-chemical characteristics. The sewage sludge application (air-dried and composted) to soil improved the results of the morphological characteristics of the studied wheat in relation to the commercial fertiliser. In the saline soil plot, air-dried sewage sludge improved the morphological characteristics of spikes (length, weight, number of grains per spike), but not final grain weight and, consequently, yield. These were upgraded with the composted sewage sludge. Use of sewage sludge for winter wheat production was the better studied option and proved a sustainable approach to recycle such waste on land

Fotografia e profilaxia social : a visão do «outro» nas campanhas da LPPS

A Liga Portuguesa de Profilaxia Social é, desde 1924, uma instituição vocacionada para a defesa da saúde pública. Desenvolveu um programa de ação orientado para a sensibilização da população aos perigos das doenças contagiosas e de algumas práticas sociais, questionando o campo físico, psicológico e moral. Na sua ação direta com os «outros», a Liga usou meios de comunicação como a fotografia e o cartaz, recorrendo ainda ao cinema. O artigo pretende estudar a sua produção visual com a intenção de analisar a mensagem emitida relativa à educação para a saúde no período de entre as duas guerras mundiais, focalizando os cartazes que a Liga produziu para o efeito, bem como os cartazes estrangeiros que funcionaram com modelos inspiradores

Fotografia e profilaxia social : a visão do «outro» nas campanhas da LPPS

A Liga Portuguesa de Profilaxia Social é, desde 1924, uma instituição vocacionada para a defesa da saúde pública. Desenvolveu um programa de ação orientado para a sensibilização da população aos perigos das doenças contagiosas e de algumas práticas sociais, questionando o campo físico, psicológico e moral. Na sua ação direta com os «outros», a Liga usou meios de comunicação como a fotografia e o cartaz, recorrendo ainda ao cinema. O artigo pretende estudar a sua produção visual com a intenção de analisar a mensagem emitida relativa à educação para a saúde no período de entre as duas guerras mundiais, focalizando os cartazes que a Liga produziu para o efeito, bem como os cartazes estrangeiros que funcionaram com modelos inspiradores

Propuesta de un índice de vegetación acuática (IVAM) para la evaluación del estado trófico de los ríos de Castilla-La Mancha : a comparación con otros índices bióticos

La Directiva Marco del Agua contempla la evaluación del estado ecológico mediante el uso de indicadores biológicos, entre ellos la flora acuática. Para ello, de manera novedosa en un ámbito europeo, se ha creado un índice trófico de vegetación acuática con resolución taxonómica de género, y que incluye a su vez diversos grupos de autótrofos acuáticos. El índice, denominado IVAM (Índice de Vegetación Acuática Macroscópica), considera tanto macrófitos como micrófitos, incluyendo briófitos, pteridófitos, algas y fanerógamas, siempre y cuando constituyan formas de vida macroscópicas visibles a simple vista. Se presentan dos versiones según la resolución taxonómica máxima alcanzada: IVAM-G (género) e IVAM-B (baja resolución). Así, partiendo de 141 muestras de vegetación acuática recolectadas en 106 tramos de ríos de Castilla-La Mancha durante el período 2001-2003 (cuencas de los ríos Tajo, Guadiana, Júcar, Segura y Guadalquivir), y las concentraciones de amonio y fosfato medidas, se han calculado los valores de tolerancia (puntuaciones) y de amplitud ecológica (valor indicador) para los taxones recolectados. La respuesta a la eutrofización del IVAM-G en Castilla-La Mancha fue superior a la de otros índices de calidad de vegetación acuática testados (IVAM-B, IM), y similar o incluso superior a la obtenida por otros índices tróficos de vegetación acuática de resolución específica utilizados en otros países europeos (GIS, MTR). Ello indica una clara ventaja del IVAM en la evaluación del estado trófico de los ríos en comparación con otros índices que requieren para su aplicación un mayor esfuerzo (tiempo y coste) y un mayor grado de especialización.The Water Framework Directive proposes the evaluation of the ecological status through biological indicators, among them the aquatic flora. In order to do that, as a novelty in a European context, a new trophic index for aquatic vegetation at the genus taxonomic resolution was created, that also includes diverse aquatic autotrophic groups. The index is called IVAM (Macroscopic Aquatic Vegetation Index), and takes into account macrophytes as well as macrophytes, including briophytes, pteridophytes, algae and phanerogams, as long as they are macroscopic life forms distinguishable to the naked eye. Two versions are presented according to taxonomic resolution: IVAM-G (genus) and IVAM-B (low taxonomic resolution).Thus, from 141 samples of aquatic vegetation collected in 106 stream stretches during the years 2001-2003 (basins of the rivers Tajo, Guadiana, Júcar, Segura, and Guadalquivir), and the phosphate and ammonium concentrations measured, tolerance scores and ecological breath were calculated for the collected taxa. The IVAM-G version showed a higher response to eutrophication versus other quality indices (IVAM-B, IM) and similar or even better response to other aquatic vegetation trophic indices at the species level of taxonomic resolution (GIS, MTR) used in other European countries. This indicates a clear advantage in using the IVAM for river's trophic status evaluation, when compared to other indices that require both a high effort (time and cost) and a higher level of specialisation

Use of drones for informative purposes in television companies in Spain

El uso de drones para captar imágenes con fines periodísticos se encuentra en una fase de eclosión, y esta práctica ha generado demanda de profesionales especializados en manejar esos aparatos. En este artículo ofrecemos una radiografía sobre el perfil del piloto de drones en España y analizamos el tipo de contenidos emitidos. Para cumplir esos objetivos de investigación recurrimos a la metodología cualitativa con 14 entrevistas en profundidad a los jefes de documentación y de producción de los servicios informativos de televisión y a los pilotos. También obtenemos una muestra de 43 imágenes emitidas durante un período de 9 meses gracias a la información aportada por los departamentos de documentación. Concluiremos que los pilotos de drones son contratados de manera externa y que no trabajan exclusivamente para las televisiones por la falta de rentabilidad. Entre las imágenes más utilizadas destacan los desastres naturales con un 72% de las emitidas en los servicios informativos