The distribution of Odonata in Västerbotten and South Lapland, northern Sweden

Distribution maps for odonate species from the faunistic Swedish provinces Västerbotten, Åsele Lappmark and Lycksele Lappmark are presented. The maps are based on 176 localities sampled between 1986-1992. Twenty-four species were found in the area, and I 0 of these are classified as common, while two are very rare

Measuring non-Gaussian fluctuations through incoherent Cooper pair current

We study a Josephson junction (JJ) in the regime of incoherent Cooper pair tunneling, capacitively coupled to a nonequilibrium noise source. The current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of the JJ are sensitive to the excess voltage fluctuations in the source, and can thus be used for wide-band noise detection. Under weak driving, the odd part of the I-V can be related to the second cumulant of noise, whereas the even part is due to the third cumulant. After calibration, one can measure the Fano factors for the noise source, and get information about the frequency dependence of the noise.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure

Polynomial Logical Zonotopes: A Set Representation for Reachability Analysis of Logical Systems

In this paper, we introduce a set representation called polynomial logical zonotopes for performing exact and computationally efficient reachability analysis on logical systems. Polynomial logical zonotopes are a generalization of logical zonotopes, which are able to represent up to 2^n binary vectors using only n generators. Due to their construction, logical zonotopes are only able to support exact computations of some logical operations (XOR, NOT, XNOR), while other operations (AND, NAND, OR, NOR) result in over-approximations. In order to perform all fundamental logical operations exactly, we formulate a generalization of logical zonotopes that is constructed by additional dependent generators and exponent matrices. We prove that through this polynomial-like construction, we are able to perform all of the fundamental logical operations (XOR, NOT, XNOR, AND, NAND, OR, NOR) exactly. While we are able to perform all of the logical operations exactly, this comes with a slight increase in computational complexity compared to logical zonotopes. We show that we can use polynomial logical zonotopes to perform exact reachability analysis while retaining a low computational complexity. To illustrate and showcase the computational benefits of polynomial logical zonotopes, we present the results of performing reachability analysis on two use cases: (1) safety verification of an intersection crossing protocol, (2) and reachability analysis on a high-dimensional Boolean function. Moreover, to highlight the extensibility of logical zonotopes, we include an additional use case where we perform a computationally tractable exhaustive search for the key of a linear-feedback shift register.Comment: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2210.0859

Overview of Serological Techniques for Influenza Vaccine Evaluation: Past, Present and Future

Serological techniques commonly used to quantify influenza-specific antibodies include the Haemagglutination Inhibition (HI), Single Radial Haemolysis (SRH) and Virus Neutralization (VN) assays. HI and SRH are established and reproducible techniques, whereas VN is more demanding. Every new influenza vaccine needs to fulfil the strict criteria issued by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) in order to be licensed. These criteria currently apply exclusively to SRH and HI assays and refer to two different target groups—healthy adults and the elderly, but other vaccine recipient age groups have not been considered (i.e., children). The purpose of this timely review is to highlight the current scenario on correlates of protection concerning influenza vaccines and underline the need to revise the criteria and assays currently in use. In addition to SRH and HI assays, the technical advantages provided by other techniques such as the VN assay, pseudotype-based neutralization assay, neuraminidase and cell-mediated immunity assays need to be considered and regulated via EMA criteria, considering the many significant advantages that they could offer for the development of effective vaccines

Hunger, krig, död och hjälp från Biafrakriget till folkmordet i Rwanda : den humanitära hjälpens förändring i Afrika 1967-1997

Only abstract. Paper copies of master’s theses are listed in the Helka database (http://www.helsinki.fi/helka). Electronic copies of master’s theses are either available as open access or only on thesis terminals in the Helsinki University Library.Vain tiivistelmä. Sidottujen gradujen saatavuuden voit tarkistaa Helka-tietokannasta (http://www.helsinki.fi/helka). Digitaaliset gradut voivat olla luettavissa avoimesti verkossa tai rajoitetusti kirjaston opinnäytekioskeilla.Endast sammandrag. Inbundna avhandlingar kan sökas i Helka-databasen (http://www.helsinki.fi/helka). Elektroniska kopior av avhandlingar finns antingen öppet på nätet eller endast tillgängliga i bibliotekets avhandlingsterminaler.Min avsikt är att beskriva den humanitära hjälpens genealogi under en 30 års period av omvälvningar i Afrika. Jag börjar med att ställa tre frågor: Vad innehåller den humanitära berättelsen/regimen? Hur har den här berättelsen/regimen historiskt kommit till och hur har den förändrats under en 30 års period i Afrika? Hur har de historiska händelserna i Biafra, Etiopien, Somalia och Rwanda bidragit till dessa förändringar? Jag undersöker dessa frågor utgående från Emanuel Adlers begrepp kognitiv evolution och användande som verktyg kausala komplex och ikoniska modeller, i enlighet med Heikki Patomäki. Jag betonar genomgående att min text är en berättelse, en av många möjliga berättelser. Jag kommer till att den humanitära hjälpen i Afrika formats av och innehåller fem klara beståndsdelar: 1) moralfilosofi, som normativ grund, 2) politik, främst genom den centrala rollen som suveränitetsbegreppet har, 3) juridik, en blandning av humanitär rätt, mänskliga rättigheter och statsfördrag, 4) ekonomi, som beror på rådande ideologier och strukturer, och 5) medierna, som det filter genom vilket den humanitära berättelsen förmedlas. Jag skönjer dessutom bakom alla dessa ett kolonialistiskt tänkande. Genom att fördjupa mig i beståndsdelarna skriver jag fem ramberättelser, som all visar på en kognitiv evolution i hur den humanitära hjälpen historiskt kommit till och förändrats. Ramberättelserna bildar tillsammans ett metaforiskt kausalkomplex. Till slut redogör jag för fyra konkreta fall av stora humanitära hjälpoperationer i Afrika, för att utreda hur berättelserna lästes och för att exemplifiera deras betydelse. Dessa fallstudier visar alla på komplicerade historiska och politiska processer, som mer eller mindre negligerades i själva hjälpdistributionen, som inte rymdes med vare sig i praktiken eller i den via media relaterade berättelsen. Jag kommer till att den humanitära hjälpen i Afrika bygger på en moralfilosofisk ”humanitär berättelse”, med koloniala arv, som ända sedan Biafrakriget sakta naturaliserats och utvecklats till en politisk och ekonomisk institution. I dag ifrågasätter ingen att bilder av hungriga svarta barn används som beståndsdelar i reklamkampanjer, med avsikten att få västerländska människor att ge pengar till privata organisationer, som upprätthåller ett system av hjälpdistribution

Structure of the dimeric form of CTP synthase from Sulfolobus solfataricus

CTP synthase catalyzes the last committed step in de novo pyrimidine-nucleotide biosynthesis. Active CTP synthase is a tetrameric enzyme composed of a dimer of dimers. The tetramer is favoured in the presence of the substrate nucleotides ATP and UTP; when saturated with nucleotide, the tetramer completely dominates the oligomeric state of the enzyme. Furthermore, phosphorylation has been shown to regulate the oligomeric states of the enzymes from yeast and human. The crystal structure of a dimeric form of CTP synthase from Sulfolobus solfataricus has been determined at 2.5 Å resolution. A comparison of the dimeric interface with the intermolecular interfaces in the tetrameric structures of Thermus thermophilus CTP synthase and Escherichia coli CTP synthase shows that the dimeric interfaces are almost identical in the three systems. Residues that are involved in the tetramerization of S. solfataricus CTP synthase according to a structural alignment with the E. coli enzyme all have large thermal parameters in the dimeric form. Furthermore, they are seen to undergo substantial movement upon tetra­merization

High Excitation Molecular Gas in the Magellanic Clouds

We present the first survey of submillimeter CO 4-3 emission in the Magellanic Clouds. The survey is comprised of 15 6'x6' maps obtained using the AST/RO telescope toward the molecular peaks of the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds. We have used these data to constrain the physical conditions in these objects, in particular their molecular gas density and temperature. We find that there are significant amounts of molecular gas associated with most of these molecular peaks, and that high molecular gas temperatures are pervasive throughout our sample. We discuss whether this may be due to the low metallicities and the associated dearth of gas coolants in the Clouds, and conclude that the present sample is insufficient to assert this effect.Comment: 18 pages, 3 figures, 5 tables. To appear in Ap