1,628 research outputs found
El ausentismo en España
En port.: Memoria premiada por la Real Academia de Ciencias Morales y PolĂticas en el concurso ordinario de 1885.Copia digital. España : Ministerio de Cultura y Deporte. SubdirecciĂłn General de CoordinaciĂłn Bibliotecaria, 201
GNSS 3D displacement field determination in Lorca (Murcia, Spain) subsidence area
Trabajo presentado en el AGU (American Geophysical Union) Fall Meeting: Advancing Earth and Space Science, celebrado en San Francisco (Estados Unidos), del 12 al 16 de diciembre de 2016Land subsidence associated to the overexploitation of aquifers represents a common hazard impacting extensive areas worldwide. Recently, GonzĂĄlez and FernĂĄndez (20101) revealed that the Alto GuadalentĂn Basin, located in southern Spain, is affected by the highest subsidence rates measured in Europe (about 10 cm/yr) as a direct consequence of long-term aquifer exploitation. They used ERS and ENVISAT radar data spanning the 1992Âż2007 period. They identify a delayed transient nonlinear compaction of the Alto GuadalentĂn aquifer due to the 1990Âż1995 drought period.
BonĂŹ et al. (2015) extend the previous studies using advanced DInSAR techniques to process ALOS PALSAR (2007Âż2010) and COSMO-SkyMed (2011Âż2012) radar images. The combination of multi-sensor SAR images with different resolutions allows for a wider monitoring time span of 20 years (1992Âż2012) over the Alto GuadalentĂn Basin. All regional studies of the area to date are based on satellite radar interferometry using just ascending or descending acquisitions, without any combination among them to obtain vertical and horizontal (E-W) components. It is important to obtain the 3D motion field in order to perform a correct interpretation of the observations, as well as an advanced model of the aquifer evolution, to be consider for sustainable management plans of groundwater resources and hazard assessments.
With this objective, a GNSS network has been defined and two surveys have been carried out in November 2015 and July 2016. Despite the limited time interval covered by the surveys, the results allow us to obtain, for the first time, the regional 3D displacement field associated to the exploitation of the aquifer. These results, although in a preliminary form, confirm previous observations and suggest that the ad-hoc establishment of small GNSS networks represent a valuable technique for the spatio-temporal monitoring of the 3D displacement field of areas subjected to extensive groundwater extraction.Peer reviewe
Modeling the two- and three-dimensional displacement field in Lorca, Spain, subsidence and the global implications
Land subsidence associated with overexploitation of aquifers is a hazard that commonly affects large areas worldwide. The Lorca area, located in southeast Spain, has undergone one of the highest subsidence rates in Europe as a direct consequence of long-term aquifer exploitation. Previous studies carried out on the region assumed that the ground deformation retrieved from satellite radar interferometry corresponds only to vertical displacement. Here we report, for the first time, the two- and three-dimensional displacement field over the study area using synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data from Sentinel-1A images and Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) observations. By modeling this displacement, we provide new insights on the spatial and temporal evolution of the subsidence processes and on the main governing mechanisms. Additionally, we also demonstrate the importance of knowing both the vertical and horizontal components of the displacement to properly characterize similar hazards. Based on these results, we propose some general guidelines for the sustainable management and monitoring of land subsidence related to anthropogenic activitie
The HIV-1 reservoir landscape in persistent elite controllers and transient elite controllers
FUNDING. Instituto de Salud Carlos III (FI17/00186, FI19/00083, MV20/00057, PI18/01532, PI19/01127 and PI22/01796), Gilead Fellowships (GLD22/00147). NIH grants AI155171, AI116228, AI078799, HL134539, DA047034, MH134823, amfAR ARCHE and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.BACKGROUND. Persistent controllers (PCs) maintain antiretroviral-free HIV-1 control indefinitely over time, while transient controllers (TCs) eventually lose virological control. It is essential to characterize the quality of the HIV reservoir in terms of these phenotypes in order to identify the factors that lead to HIV progression and to open new avenues toward an HIV cure.
METHODS. The characterization of HIV-1 reservoir from peripheral blood mononuclear cells was performed using next-generation sequencing techniques, such as full-length individual and matched integration site proviral sequencing (FLIP-Seq; MIP-Seq).
RESULTS. PCs and TCs, before losing virological control, presented significantly lower total, intact, and defective proviruses compared with those of participants on antiretroviral therapy (ART). No differences were found in total and defective proviruses between PCs and TCs. However, intact provirus levels were lower in PCs compared with TCs; indeed the intact/defective HIV-DNA ratio was significantly higher in TCs. Clonally expanded intact proviruses were found only in PCs and located in centromeric satellite DNA or zinc-finger genes, both associated with heterochromatin features. In contrast, sampled intact proviruses were located in permissive genic euchromatic positions in TCs.
CONCLUSIONS. These results suggest the need for, and can give guidance to, the design of future research to identify a distinct proviral landscape that may be associated with the persistent control of HIV-1 without ART.Instituto de Salud Carlos III (FI17/00186, FI19/00083, MV20/00057, PI18/01532, PI19/01127, PI22/01796)Gilead Fellowships (GLD22/00147)NIH grants AI155171, AI116228, AI078799, HL134539, DA047034, MH134823, amfAR ARCHEBill and Melinda Gates Foundatio
ClinPrior: an algorithm for diagnosis and novel gene discovery by network-based prioritization
BackgroundWhole-exome sequencing (WES) and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) have become indispensable tools to solve rare Mendelian genetic conditions. Nevertheless, there is still an urgent need for sensitive, fast algorithms to maximise WES/WGS diagnostic yield in rare disease patients. Most tools devoted to this aim take advantage of patient phenotype information for prioritization of genomic data, although are often limited by incomplete gene-phenotype knowledge stored in biomedical databases and a lack of proper benchmarking on real-world patient cohorts.MethodsWe developed ClinPrior, a novel method for the analysis of WES/WGS data that ranks candidate causal variants based on the patient's standardized phenotypic features (in Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) terms). The algorithm propagates the data through an interactome network-based prioritization approach. This algorithm was thoroughly benchmarked using a synthetic patient cohort and was subsequently tested on a heterogeneous prospective, real-world series of 135 families affected by hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) and/or cerebellar ataxia (CA).ResultsClinPrior successfully identified causative variants achieving a final positive diagnostic yield of 70% in our real-world cohort. This includes 10 novel candidate genes not previously associated with disease, 7 of which were functionally validated within this project. We used the knowledge generated by ClinPrior to create a specific interactome for HSP/CA disorders thus enabling future diagnoses as well as the discovery of novel disease genes.ConclusionsClinPrior is an algorithm that uses standardized phenotype information and interactome data to improve clinical genomic diagnosis. It helps in identifying atypical cases and efficiently predicts novel disease-causing genes. This leads to increasing diagnostic yield, shortening of the diagnostic Odysseys and advancing our understanding of human illnesses
Results obtained from the multiple geodetic observations at Lorca (Murcia, Spain) subsidence area
Trabajo presentado en el AGU (American Geophysical Union) Fall Meeting: Advancing Earth and Space Science, celebrado en Washington D.C. (Estados Unidos), del 10 al 14 de diciembre de 2018The Lorca region, located in the Alto GuadalentĂn Basin, southern Spain, shows the highest subsidence rates recorded in Europe (about 10 cm/yr). It is produced by a long-term aquifer exploitation (GonzĂĄlez and FernĂĄndez, 2011; BonĂŹ et al., 2014). This process has been studied in various works using interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) with images acquired from different satellites (ERS and ENVISAT radar data spanning the 1992 â 2007 period; ALOS PALSAR data for the period 2007â2010; and COSMO-SkyMed data for the period 2011â2012). GonzĂĄlez et al. (2012) established a relationship between the crustal unloading produced by the groundwater overexploitation and the stress change on the regional active tectonic faults in relation with the May 2008 Lorca earthquake. Those previous studies, based on InSAR and using either ascending or descending acquisitions, assumed that the surface displacement direction is entirely vertical. However, it is important to obtain the complete 3D motion field in order to perform a correct interpretation of the observations, as well as to carry out an advanced numerical model of the aquifer evolution, to be considered for sustainable management plans of groundwater resources and hazard assessments. To achieve this goal, GNSS surveys have been carried out from 2015 to 2018, showing the regional 3D displacement field associated to the exploitation of the aquifer (Prieto et al., 2016; FernĂĄndez et al. 2017). Also, simultaneous ascending and descending InSAR observations have been used, along with structural gravimetry (Camacho et al., 2015) and microgravity to study the subsidence area in a more complete geodetic way. We present the results obtained from all those techniques, their comparison, and the interpretation results using different inversion techniques (Tiampo et al., 2011; Camacho et al., 2011, 2015; CannavĂČ et al., 2015).Peer reviewe
Drosophila evolution over space and time (DEST):A new population genomics resource
Drosophila melanogaster is a leading model in population genetics and genomics, and a growing number of whole-genome datasets from natural populations of this species have been published over the last years. A major challenge is the integration of disparate datasets, often generated using different sequencing technologies and bioinformatic pipelines, which hampers our ability to address questions about the evolution of this species. Here we address these issues by developing a bioinformatics pipeline that maps pooled sequencing (Pool-Seq) reads from D. melanogaster to a hologenome consisting of fly and symbiont genomes and estimates allele frequencies using either a heuristic (PoolSNP) or a probabilistic variant caller (SNAPE-pooled). We use this pipeline to generate the largest data repository of genomic data available for D. melanogaster to date, encompassing 271 previously published and unpublished population samples from over 100 locations inâ>â20 countries on four continents. Several of these locations have been sampled at different seasons across multiple years. This dataset, which we call Drosophila Evolution over Space and Time (DEST), is coupled with sampling and environmental meta-data. A web-based genome browser and web portal provide easy access to the SNP dataset. We further provide guidelines on how to use Pool-Seq data for model-based demographic inference. Our aim is to provide this scalable platform as a community resource which can be easily extended via future efforts for an even more extensive cosmopolitan dataset. Our resource will enable population geneticists to analyze spatio-temporal genetic patterns and evolutionary dynamics of D. melanogaster populations in unprecedented detail.DrosEU is funded by a Special Topic Networks (STN) grant from the European Society for Evolutionary Biology (ESEB). MK (M. Kapun) was supported by the Austrian Science Foundation (grant no. FWF P32275); JG by the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Unionâs Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (H2020-ERC-2014-CoG-647900) and by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (BFU-2011-24397); TF by the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF grants PP00P3_133641, PP00P3_165836, and 31003A_182262) and a Mercator Fellowship from the German Research Foundation (DFG), held as a EvoPAD Visiting Professor at the Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, University of MĂŒnster; AOB by the National Institutes of Health (R35 GM119686); MK (M. Kankare) by Academy of Finland grant 322980; VL by Danish Natural Science Research Council (FNU) grant 4002-00113B; FS Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) grant STA1154/4-1, Project 408908608; JP by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft Projects 274388701 and 347368302; AU by FPI fellowship (BES-2012-052999); ET Israel Science Foundation (ISF) grant 1737/17; MSV, MSR and MJ by a grant from the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia (451-03-68/2020-14/200178); AP, KE and MT by a grant from the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia (451-03-68/2020-14/200007); and TM NSERC grant RGPIN-2018-05551.Peer reviewe
Addressing climate change with behavioral science:A global intervention tournament in 63 countries
Effectively reducing climate change requires marked, global behavior change. However, it is unclear which strategies are most likely to motivate people to change their climate beliefs and behaviors. Here, we tested 11 expert-crowdsourced interventions on four climate mitigation outcomes: beliefs, policy support, information sharing intention, and an effortful tree-planting behavioral task. Across 59,440 participants from 63 countries, the interventions' effectiveness was small, largely limited to nonclimate skeptics, and differed across outcomes: Beliefs were strengthened mostly by decreasing psychological distance (by 2.3%), policy support by writing a letter to a future-generation member (2.6%), information sharing by negative emotion induction (12.1%), and no intervention increased the more effortful behavior-several interventions even reduced tree planting. Last, the effects of each intervention differed depending on people's initial climate beliefs. These findings suggest that the impact of behavioral climate interventions varies across audiences and target behaviors.</p
Addressing climate change with behavioral science: a global intervention tournament in 63 countries
Effectively reducing climate change requires marked, global behavior change. However, it is unclear which strategies are most likely to motivate people to change their climate beliefs and behaviors. Here, we tested 11 expert-crowdsourced interventions on four climate mitigation outcomes: beliefs, policy support, information sharing intention, and an effortful tree-planting behavioral task. Across 59,440 participants from 63 countries, the interventionsâ effectiveness was small, largely limited to nonclimate skeptics, and differed across outcomes: Beliefs were strengthened mostly by decreasing psychological distance (by 2.3%), policy support by writing a letter to a future-generation member (2.6%), information sharing by negative emotion induction (12.1%), and no intervention increased the more effortful behaviorâseveral interventions even reduced tree planting. Last, the effects of each intervention differed depending on peopleâs initial climate beliefs. These findings suggest that the impact of behavioral climate interventions varies across audiences and target behaviors
Addressing climate change with behavioral science:A global intervention tournament in 63 countries
Effectively reducing climate change requires marked, global behavior change. However, it is unclear which strategies are most likely to motivate people to change their climate beliefs and behaviors. Here, we tested 11 expert-crowdsourced interventions on four climate mitigation outcomes: beliefs, policy support, information sharing intention, and an effortful tree-planting behavioral task. Across 59,440 participants from 63 countries, the interventions' effectiveness was small, largely limited to nonclimate skeptics, and differed across outcomes: Beliefs were strengthened mostly by decreasing psychological distance (by 2.3%), policy support by writing a letter to a future-generation member (2.6%), information sharing by negative emotion induction (12.1%), and no intervention increased the more effortful behavior-several interventions even reduced tree planting. Last, the effects of each intervention differed depending on people's initial climate beliefs. These findings suggest that the impact of behavioral climate interventions varies across audiences and target behaviors.</p
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