10 research outputs found

    Etude de la variabilité intra-espÚce chez Escherichia coli

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    L’espĂšce E.coli se caractĂ©rise par une grande versatilitĂ© et une flexibilitĂ© mĂ©tabolique qui lui permettent de coloniser de nombreuses niches. Pour Ă©tudier cette diversitĂ©, nous avons reconstruit et comparer les rĂ©seaux mĂ©taboliques de 14 souches Ă  partir de leur gĂ©nome. Nous montrons que leur mĂ©tabolisme diffĂšre principalement par les voies de dĂ©gradation des nutriments. L’étude des capacitĂ©s nutritionnelles rĂ©alisĂ©e chez 153 souches a montrĂ© une forte disparitĂ© et une absence de spĂ©cialisation dans l’utilisation des sources de carbone. Les diffĂ©rences observĂ©es entre les donnĂ©es expĂ©rimentales et les prĂ©dictions traduisent des effets de rĂ©gulation et/ou d’épistasie. Ces Ă©tudes ont permis d’identifier les voies de dĂ©gradation impliquĂ©es pour chaque substrat et d’utiliser la reconstruction des rĂ©seaux mĂ©taboliques des souches pour prĂ©dire la croissance. Pour Ă©tudier les stratĂ©gies adaptatives des E.coli commensaux et pathogĂšnes, 5 souches ont Ă©tĂ© cultivĂ©es dans 4 milieux diffĂ©rents (LB, urine, glucose et gluconate) et leur contenu en protĂ©ines a Ă©tĂ© analyse. MĂȘme si les ressources disponibles dans lemilieu conditionnent l’orientation gĂ©nĂ©rale du mĂ©tabolisme, nous montrons la prĂ©sence de rĂ©ponses mĂ©taboliques particuliĂšres qui pourraient ĂȘtre importantes pour la survie et la colonisation. Le milieu glucose se caractĂ©rise par une forte demande en fer et l’urine par une rĂ©ponse oxydante. Dans une autre Ă©tude, nous avons Ă©tudiĂ© ce dĂ©sĂ©quilibre entre la rĂ©ponse oxydante et antioxydante durant la croissance dans urine chez 21 E.coli en mesurant les dommages oxydatifs au niveau des lipides membranaires. Nous montrons que certaines souches pourtant bien adaptĂ©es Ă  ce milieu perçoivent l’urine comme un environnement stressant. Le niveau accru de ROS peut ĂȘtre responsable de mutations adaptatives. Un systĂšme de dĂ©fense antioxydant plus actif pourrait accroĂźtre la capacitĂ© de coloniser la vessie. La diversitĂ© des rĂ©ponses observĂ©es traduit l’importance des mĂ©canismes de rĂ©gulation dans l’adaptation des bactĂ©ries Ă  leurs biotopes. Nos travaux futurs viseront Ă  Ă©tudier ces mĂ©canismes

    Etude de la variabilité intra-espÚce chez Escherichia coli

    No full text
    L’espĂšce E.coli se caractĂ©rise par une grande versatilitĂ© et une flexibilitĂ© mĂ©tabolique qui lui permettent de coloniser de nombreuses niches. Pour Ă©tudier cette diversitĂ©, nous avons reconstruit et comparer les rĂ©seaux mĂ©taboliques de 14 souches Ă  partir de leur gĂ©nome. Nous montrons que leur mĂ©tabolisme diffĂšre principalement par les voies de dĂ©gradation des nutriments. L’étude des capacitĂ©s nutritionnelles rĂ©alisĂ©e chez 153 souches a montrĂ© une forte disparitĂ© et une absence de spĂ©cialisation dans l’utilisation des sources de carbone. Les diffĂ©rences observĂ©es entre les donnĂ©es expĂ©rimentales et les prĂ©dictions traduisent des effets de rĂ©gulation et/ou d’épistasie. Ces Ă©tudes ont permis d’identifier les voies de dĂ©gradation impliquĂ©es pour chaque substrat et d’utiliser la reconstruction des rĂ©seaux mĂ©taboliques des souches pour prĂ©dire la croissance. Pour Ă©tudier les stratĂ©gies adaptatives des E.coli commensaux et pathogĂšnes, 5 souches ont Ă©tĂ© cultivĂ©es dans 4 milieux diffĂ©rents (LB, urine, glucose et gluconate) et leur contenu en protĂ©ines a Ă©tĂ© analyse. MĂȘme si les ressources disponibles dans lemilieu conditionnent l’orientation gĂ©nĂ©rale du mĂ©tabolisme, nous montrons la prĂ©sence de rĂ©ponses mĂ©taboliques particuliĂšres qui pourraient ĂȘtre importantes pour la survie et la colonisation. Le milieu glucose se caractĂ©rise par une forte demande en fer et l’urine par une rĂ©ponse oxydante. Dans une autre Ă©tude, nous avons Ă©tudiĂ© ce dĂ©sĂ©quilibre entre la rĂ©ponse oxydante et antioxydante durant la croissance dans urine chez 21 E.coli en mesurant les dommages oxydatifs au niveau des lipides membranaires. Nous montrons que certaines souches pourtant bien adaptĂ©es Ă  ce milieu perçoivent l’urine comme un environnement stressant. Le niveau accru de ROS peut ĂȘtre responsable de mutations adaptatives. Un systĂšme de dĂ©fense antioxydant plus actif pourrait accroĂźtre la capacitĂ© de coloniser la vessie. La diversitĂ© des rĂ©ponses observĂ©es traduit l’importance des mĂ©canismes de rĂ©gulation dans l’adaptation des bactĂ©ries Ă  leurs biotopes. Nos travaux futurs viseront Ă  Ă©tudier ces mĂ©canismes

    Diversity of the auxotrophic requirements in natural isolates of Escherichia coli

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    A utilisé MicroScope PlatformInternational audienceIsolates of Escherichia coli, except Shigella, are generally prototrophic; they do not require any growth factors to grow in mineral medium. However, a nicotinic acid requirement is common among B2 phylogroup STc95 O18 E. coli clone strains. Nicotinic acid is a precursor of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), an essential molecule that plays central role in cellular metabolism. The defect in NAD synthesis of these strains is due to alterations in de novo biosynthesis pathway nadB gene. Here, by studying growth on minimal medium with glycolytic (glucose) or gluconeogenic (pyruvate or succinate) substrates as the carbon supply in a large panel of E. coli natural isolates representative of the species diversity, we identify an absolute nicotinic acid requirement in non-STc95 strains due in one case to a nadA inactivation. The growth on glucose medium of some extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli strains belonging to various non-O18 B2 phylogroup STc95 clones is restored either by aspartate or nicotinate, demonstrating that the nicotinic acid requirement can also be due to an intracellular aspartate depletion. The auxotrophic requirements depend on the carbon source available in the environment. Moreover, some strains prototrophic in glucose medium become auxotrophic in succinate medium, and conversely, some strainsauxotrophic in glucose medium become prototrophic in succinate medium. Finally, a partial depletion of intracellular aspartate can be observed in some prototrophic strains belonging to various phylogroups. The observed more or less significant depletion according to isolates may be due to differences in tricarboxylic acid cycle enzyme activities. These metabolic defects could be involved in the adaptation of E. coli to its various niches

    Variation in endogenous oxidative stress in <it>Escherichia coli</it> natural isolates during growth in urine

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    <p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Uropathogenic strains of <it>Escherichia coli</it> cause symptomatic infections whereas asymptomatic bacteriuria (ABU) strains are well adapted for growth in the human urinary tract, where they establish long-term bacteriuria. Human urine is a very complex growth medium that could be perceived by certain bacteria as a stressful environment. To investigate a possible imbalance between endogenous oxidative response and antioxidant mechanisms, lipid oxidative damage estimated as thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) content was evaluated in twenty-one <it>E. coli</it> belonging to various pathovars and phylogenetic groups. Antioxidant defense mechanisms were also analysed.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>During exponential growth in urine, TBARS level differs between strains, without correlation with the ability to grow in urine which was similarly limited for commensal, ABU and uropathogenic strains. In addition, no correlation between TBARS level and the phylogroup or pathogenic group is apparent. The growth of ABU strain 83972 was associated with a high level of TBARS and more active antioxidant defenses that reduce the imbalance.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Our results indicate that growth capacity in urine is not a property of ABU strains. However, <it>E. coli</it> isolates respond very differently to this stressful environment. In strain ABU 83972, on one hand, the increased level of endogenous reactive oxygen species may be responsible for adaptive mutations. On the other hand, a more active antioxidant defense system could increase the capacity to colonize the bladder.</p

    Variation in endogenous oxidative stress in Escherichia coli natural isolates during growth in urine

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    Abstract Background: Uropathogenic strains of Escherichia coli cause symptomatic infections whereas asymptomatic bacteriuria (ABU) strains are well adapted for growth in the human urinary tract, where they establish long-term bacteriuria. Human urine is a very complex growth medium that could be perceived by certain bacteria as a stressful environment. To investigate a possible imbalance between endogenous oxidative response and antioxidant mechanisms, lipid oxidative damage estimated as thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) content was evaluated in twenty-one E. coli belonging to various pathovars and phylogenetic groups. Antioxidant defense mechanisms were also analysed

    Reducing Mortality in Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium-Infected Mice with a Tripeptidic Serum Fraction

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    Salmonellosis-induced mortality in female Swiss Webster mice decreased significantly when tripeptidic immunostimulant (TPI) was administered prophylactically. Prophylactic benefits developed in a dose-dependent manner wherein 15 mg of TPI given 1 day before challenge reduced mortality by 70%

    The Arginine Deiminase Operon Is Responsible for a Fitness Trade-Off in Extended-Spectrum-ÎČ-Lactamase-Producing Strains of Escherichia coli

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    International audienceWe previously identified an operon involved in an arginine deiminase (ADI) pathway ( arc operon) on a CTX-M-producing plasmid from an O102-ST405 strain of Escherichia coli . As the ADI pathway was shown to be involved in the virulence of various Gram-positive bacteria, we tested whether the ADI pathway could be involved in the epidemiological success of extended-spectrum-ÎČ-lactamase (ESBL)-producing E. coli strains

    MetaPhlAn 4 profiling of unknown species-level genome bins improves the characterization of diet-associated microbiome changes in mice

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    Summary: Mouse models are key tools for investigating host-microbiome interactions. However, shotgun metagenomics can only profile a limited fraction of the mouse gut microbiome. Here, we employ a metagenomic profiling method, MetaPhlAn 4, which exploits a large catalog of metagenome-assembled genomes (including 22,718 metagenome-assembled genomes from mice) to improve the profiling of the mouse gut microbiome. We combine 622 samples from eight public datasets and an additional cohort of 97 mouse microbiomes, and we assess the potential of MetaPhlAn 4 to better identify diet-related changes in the host microbiome using a meta-analysis approach. We find multiple, strong, and reproducible diet-related microbial biomarkers, largely increasing those identifiable by other available methods relying only on reference information. The strongest drivers of the diet-induced changes are uncharacterized and previously undetected taxa, confirming the importance of adopting metagenomic methods integrating metagenomic assemblies for comprehensive profiling
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