CP violation in K decays: Experimental aspects

CP violation was originally discovered in neutral K mesons. Over the last few years, it has also been seen in B mesons, and most of the research in the eld is currently concentrating on the B system. However, there are some parameters which could be best measured in kaons. In order to see to which extent our present understanding of CP violation within the framework of the CKM matrix is correct, one has to check for possible differences between the K system and the B system. After an historical overview, I discuss a few of the most important recent results, and give an outlook on experiments that are being prepared

Towards Comparing the Robustness of Synchronous and Asynchronous Circuits by Fault Injection

As transient error rates are growing due to smaller feature sizes, designing reliable synchronous circuits becomes increasingly challenging. Asynchronous logic design constitutes a promising alternative with respect to robustness and stability. In particular, delay-insensitive asynchronous circuits provide interesting properties, like an inherent resilience to delay-faults

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Medical Cannabinoids as Treatment for Hypophosphatasia-Related Symptoms

Background: Hypophosphatasia (HPP) is a rare congenital disease caused by a mutation affecting tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase, an enzyme involved in phosphate metabolism. The clinical manifestation usually includes bone-mineralization disorders, neurological symptoms, and persistent muscle pain.Case report: This case involves a woman in her sixties of Central European descent who suffers from life-long chronic pain and muscle weakness due to hypophosphatasia and concomitant degenerative changes of the lumbar spine. The patient is physically impaired and limited in her ability to walk as a result. HPP-specific and guideline-based multimodal pain management including enzyme replacement therapy with asfotase alfa, opioids, invasive orthopedic and neurosurgical procedures, long-term physiotherapy, and psychotherapy did not yield sufficient treatment results. The average pain was given as 8.5 on a numerical rating scale (NRS, 0-10) for the last 3 years. Treatment with a cannabidiol-predominant, full-spectrum, prescription cannabis extract led to a clinically meaningful pain reduction to 2.5/10 NRS, a discontinuation of opioids, and a recent resumption of employment as a physician.Conclusion: A more widespread consideration of medical cannabinoids in the treatment of complex chronic pain is proposed. Cannabinoids may pose a particularly potent treatment option for HPP-related symptoms and inflammation due to their known anti-inflammatory properties

Naturheilkunde, Komplementäre und Integrative Medizin bei chronischen Erkrankungen

Der demografische Wandel und die Zunahme chronischer nicht-übertragbarer Krankheiten stellen Herausforderungen für die nächsten Dekaden dar. Die Komplementäre und Integrative Medizin (Englisch: Complementary and Integrative Medicine, CIM) kann die konventionelle Medizin mit evidenzbasierten naturheilkundlichen Interventionen zu einem therapeutischen Gesamtkonzept ergänzen, um vor allem Präventions- oder Therapiestrategien zu verbessern, insbesondere bei lebensstil- und verhaltensabhängigen chronischen Erkrankungen. Aus dieser Perspektive ist Gesundheit ein proaktiver, dynamischer Prozess, der die Selbstwirksamkeit und Eigenkompetenz des Einzelnen im Hinblick auf präventives Verhalten fördern soll, vor allem durch das systematische Erlernen gesundheitsförderlicher Lebensstilaspekte. Die Inanspruchnahme naturheilkundlicher Verfahren ist in Deutschland im internationalen Vergleich hoch, obwohl robuste Evidenz noch aussteht bzw. nur in Teilbereichen vorhanden ist. Mit Ausnahme weniger Bereiche der Naturheilkunde ist die Evidenzlage für die Wirksamkeit der CIM bei chronischen Erkrankungen unzureichend. Die Studien dieser Arbeit zeigten bei den Indikationen Metabolisches Syndrom, Distress und stress-assoziierte Beschwerden Hinweise auf günstige Effekte naturheilkundlicher Verfahren, insbesondere im Bereich der Ernährungstherapie, der Fastentherapie und der Mind-Body-Medizin. Für eine mögliche Integration der Komplementärmedizin in die konventionelle Medizin im Sinne einer Integrativen Medizin ist weitere Grundlagen- und klinische Forschung auf methodologisch hohem Niveau notwendig

Vom Point of Sale zum Point of Tale

Die vorliegende Arbeit befasst sich mit der Inszenierung von Verkaufsorten und den dahinter liegenden theoretischen Konzepten. Schwerpunkt wird auf den Einsatz von Storytelling und somit das hinter emotionalen Inszenierungen stehende Konzept des Erzählens von Geschichten gelegt. Neben klassischen kommunikationswissenschaftlichen Theorien und Theorien der Produktkommunikation befasst sich die Arbeit vor allem mit Konzepten der Marketingdramaturgie nach Mikunda sowie mit Konzepten des Neuromarketings, insbesondere nach Häusel, wie auch neurowissenschaftlichen Theorien von Walter Fuchs. Hierbei handelt es sich insbesondere um den Themenkomplex des Storytellings. Inhaltsanalytisch untersucht wurden sechs verschiedene inszenierte Point of Sales in Österreich, die Aspekte des Storytellings aufwiesen.This thesis concerns staging and conception of point of sale locations and it’s respecting scientific theories in communications. The author is focussing on the concept of storytelling regarding emotional and successful POS concepts. Besides classical theories in mass communications and product communications the paper examines theories of marketing dramaturgy (Mikunda) and theories of neuromarketing (mainly Häusel). The empirical part considers six Austrian point of sales featuring storytelling concepts, where a content analysis has been undertaken

Effects of treatment in women with gestational diabetes mellitus: systematic review and meta-analysis

Objective To summarise the benefits and harms of treatments for women with gestational diabetes mellitus

Differences Between Omnivores and Vegetarians in Personality Profiles, Values, and Empathy: A Systematic Review

Numerous medical studies have documented vegetarian diets as having various health benefits. Studies have also compared vegetarians with other dietary groups from a socio-psychological perspective. The objective of this review is to investigate the differences between vegetarians and omnivores in terms of their personality profiles, values, and empathy skills. A search was conducted across three electronic databases. Non-randomized, observational, cross-sectional, and cohort studies were eligible. Outcomes provided information about the differences between the above-mentioned dietary groups regarding their personality profiles, values, and empathy skills. A shortened version of the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to assess the risk of bias for the included studies. Of the 2,513 different studies found, 25 (total number of participants n = 23,589) were ultimately included. These studies indicate that vegetarians significantly differ from omnivores in their personalities, values, and ability to be empathetic. Omnivorism is associated with an increased orientation toward social dominance, greater right-wing authoritarianism, and, in line with this, a stronger tendency to be prejudiced. Vegetarianism is associated with greater openness and empathy. The values of vegetarians are based more on universalism, hedonism, stimulation, and self-direction, whereas the values of omnivores are based more on the idea of power. To answer a narrowly defined and clear question, issues such as animal ethics, animal rights, and environmental protection are not considered in this review. The findings of this review, showing marked differences in personality correlating to the choice of diet and the increasing influence of plant-based diets on a global level, indicate that further studies about vegetarianism are warranted

Use and acceptance of traditional, complementary and integrative medicine in Germany—an online representative cross-sectional study

Background: Older representative surveys show that Traditional, Complementary and Integrative Medicine (TCIM) is used by about 60% of the German population. However, no data exists for the current nationwide situation. The main aim of this cross-sectional study is to investigate the current use and acceptance of TCIM in Germany. Methods: This study is based on a representative sample of the German population aged 18–75 years. Participants were asked about the use and acceptance of TCIM. The survey was conducted online using Computer Assisted Web Interview (CAWI) in 2022 by three renowned German market research institutes on behalf of and in close coordination with the working group. The data set was analyzed descriptively and inferentially. Results: In total, 4,065 participants (52% female, 48% male, 0.4% diverse) responded completely (response rate: 21.5%). Among participants, 70% stated that they had used TCIM at some point in their lives, with 32% doing so in the last 12 months and 18% currently. The most common reason given (17%) was musculoskeletal pain. For their own health, 39% stated that TCIM is important. Traditional European Medicine was rated as very/mainly effective by 27% of participants and as partly effective by 44% (conventional medicine: 69% very/mainly effective, 19% partly effective). As a complementary treatment strategy to conventional medicine, 35% considered TCIM to be optimal (“Complementary Medicine”), 33% in combination with conventional medicine (“Integrative Medicine”) and 5% without conventional medicine (“Alternative Medicine”). The majority of the participants were in favor of more research on TCIM and stated that the costs of TCIM services should be covered by health insurance companies (71% and 69%, respectively). Conclusion: These results from a representative online-population suggest that the use of TCIM in Germany remains at a high level. The nationwide relevance of TCIM should be given greater consideration in German health care policy making. TCIM should be systematically investigated using appropriate study designs and methods including high quality randomized clinical trials to investigate their effectiveness, efficacy, therapeutic safety and costs in the future.Peer Reviewe