Propeller optimization by interactive genetic algorithms and machine learning

Marine propeller design can be carried out with the aid of automated optimization, but experience shows that a such an approach has still been inferior to manual design in industrial scenarios. In this study, the automated propeller design optimization is evolved by integrating human–computer interaction as an intermediate step. An interactive optimization methodology, based on interactive genetic algorithms (IGAs), has been developed, where the blade designers systematically guide a genetic algorithm towards the objectives. The designers visualize and assess the shape of the blade cavitation and this evaluation is integrated in the optimization method. The IGA is further integrated with a support-vector machine model, in order to avoid user fatigue, IGA\u27s main disadvantage. The results of the present study show that the IGA optimization searches solutions in a more targeted manner and eventually finds more non-dominated feasible designs that also show a good cavitation behaviour in agreement with designer preference

Glacial lake drainage in Patagonia (13-8 kyr) and response of the adjacent Pacific Ocean

Large freshwater lakes formed in North America and Europe during deglaciation following the Last Glacial Maximum. Rapid drainage of these lakes into the Oceans resulted in abrupt perturbations in climate, including the Younger Dryas and 8.2 kyr cooling events. In the mid-latitudes of the Southern Hemisphere major glacial lakes also formed and drained during deglaciation but little is known about the magnitude, organization and timing of these drainage events and their effect on regional climate. We use 16 new single-grain optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dates to define three stages of rapid glacial lake drainage in the Lago General Carrera/Lago Buenos Aires and Lago Cohrane/Pueyrredón basins of Patagonia and provide the first assessment of the effects of lake drainage on the Pacific Ocean. Lake drainage occurred between 13 and 8 kyr ago and was initially gradual eastward into the Atlantic, then subsequently reorganized westward into the Pacific as new drainage routes opened up during Patagonian Ice Sheet deglaciation. Coupled ocean-atmosphere model experiments using HadCM3 with an imposed freshwater surface “hosing” to simulate glacial lake drainage suggest that a negative salinity anomaly was advected south around Cape Horn, resulting in brief but significant impacts on coastal ocean vertical mixing and regional climate

Deglaciation of Fennoscandia

To provide a new reconstruction of the deglaciation of the Fennoscandian Ice Sheet, in the form of calendar-year time-slices, which are particularly useful for ice sheet modelling, we have compiled and synthesized published geomorphological data for eskers, ice-marginal formations, lineations, marginal meltwater channels, striae, ice-dammed lakes, and geochronological data from radiocarbon, varve, optically-stimulated luminescence, and cosmogenic nuclide dating. This 25 is summarized as a deglaciation map of the Fennoscandian Ice Sheet with isochrons marking every 1000 years between 22 and 13 cal kyr BP and every hundred years between 11.6 and final ice decay after 9.7 cal kyr BP. Deglaciation patterns vary across the Fennoscandian Ice Sheet domain, reflecting differences in climatic and geomorphic settings as well as ice sheet basal thermal conditions and terrestrial versus marine margins. For example, the ice sheet margin in the high-precipitation coastal setting of the western sector responded sensitively to climatic variations leaving a detailed record of prominent moraines and ice-marginal deposits in many fjords and coastal valleys. Retreat rates across the southern sector differed between slow retreat of the terrestrial margin in western and southern Sweden and rapid retreat of the calving ice margin in the Baltic Basin. Our reconstruction is consistent with much of the published research. However, the synthesis of a large amount of existing and new data support refined reconstructions in some areas. For example, we locate the LGM extent of the ice sheet in northwestern Russia further east than previously suggested and conclude that it occurred at a later time than the rest of the ice sheet, at around 17-15 cal kyr BP, and propose a slightly different chronology of moraine formation over southern Sweden based on improved correlations of moraine segments using new LiDAR data and tying the timing of moraine formation to Greenland ice core cold stages. Retreat rates vary by as much as an order of magnitude in different sectors of the ice sheet, with the lowest rates on the high-elevation and maritime Norwegian margin. Retreat rates compared to the climatic information provided by the Greenland ice core record show a general correspondence between retreat rate and climatic forcing, although a close match between retreat rate and climate is unlikely because of other controls, such as topography and marine versus terrestrial margins. Overall, the time slice reconstructions of Fennoscandian Ice Sheet deglaciation from 22 to 9.7 cal kyr BP provide an important dataset for understanding the contexts that underpin spatial and temporal patterns in retreat of the Fennoscandian Ice Sheet, and are an important resource for testing and refining ice sheet models

Physical activity as a caring method for persons with overweight and obesity – a literature review

Bakgrund: Övervikt och fetma är ett globalt växande problem som är förknippat med en stillasittande livsstil. Stillasittande är även förknippat med en ökad risk för ohälsa. En av sjuksköterskans uppgifter är att främja hälsa och förebygga ohälsa. En stark känsla av sammanhang leder till hälsosammare hälsobeteenden och det leder till en sänkt mortalitet.  Syfte: Syftet är att beskriva omvårdnadsåtgärder sjuksköterskan kan använda för att främja fysisk aktivitet hos vuxna personer med övervikt och fetma. Metod: Designen på denna kandidatuppsats är en litteraturöversikt innehållande 15 vetenskapliga artiklar. Artiklarna har sökts fram i databaserna CINAHL och PubMed som sedan har granskats enligt granskningsmallar. Studier som inkluderades analyserades för att sedan strukturera omvårdnadsåtgärderna i olika kategorier i resultatet. De artiklarna som inkluderades var av kvantitativ ansats och är godkända av etiska kommittéer eller har fått medgivande från deltagarna i studien till att delta i forskningen. Resultat: Analysen av artiklarna resulterade i sex kategorier till resultatet som var Motiverande samtal i olika vårdkontexter, Uppföljning och feedback av fysisk aktivitet, Utbildning, rådgivning och information, Fysisk aktivitet på recept, Stödverktyg via teknologi och Kombinerade omvårdnadsåtgärder. Slutsats: Resultatet tyder på att följsamhet till fysisk aktivitet ofta brister då personerna med övervikt och fetma saknade motivation av att fullfölja den fysiska aktiviteten. Det är därför av vikt att som sjuksköterska hjälpa dessa personer med motivation för att lyckas främja följsamhet till fysisk aktivitet. Det kan krävas en kombination av åtgärder för att uppnå följsamhet till fysisk aktivitet, där motivation, feedback eller uppföljning inkluderas.Background: Overweight and obesity is a globally growing problem associated with a sedentary lifestyle. Sedentary is also associated with an increased risk for lack of health. Nurses has a task to promote health and prevent lack of health. A strong sense of coherence leads to healthier behaviours and leads to a reduced mortality. Aim: The aim is to describe nursing measures that the nurse can use to promote physical activity in adults with overweight and obesity.  Method: The design of this thesis is a literature review containing 15 original articles. The articles have been searched in the databases CINAHL and PubMed. The articles thereafter wore valuates according to review templates. The included studies were analysed and then structured by the nursing measures into different categories in the result. The included articles were of quantitative approach and had been approved by an ethical committee or had received permission from the participants of the study to participate in the research. Result: The analysis of the studies resulted in six categories for the result. The categories were: Motivation interweaving in various care contexts, Follow-up and feedback of physical activity, Education, counselling and information, Physical activity on prescription, Support tools via technology and Combined nursing measures. Conclusion: The results indicates that compliance to physical activity often fails as people with overweight and obesity lacked motivation to pursue physical activity.  As a nurse it is therefore important to help individuals with motivation to successfully promote compliance to physical activity. A combination of nursing measures including motivation, feedback or follow-up may be required to achieve compliance to physical activity