Fuzzy Depth Based Routing Protocol for Underwater Acoustic Wireless Sensor Networks

Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks consist of a variable number of sensors and vehicles that are implemented to perform collaborative monitoring tasks over a given area. However, designing energy-efficient routing protocols for this type of networks is essential and challenging because the sensor nodes is powered by batteries, underwater environment is harsh and propagation delay is long. Most of the existing routing protocols used for underwater wireless sensor networks, such as depth based routing (DBR) protocol use a greedy approach to deliver data packets to the destination sink nodes at the water surface. Further, DBR does not require full-dimensional location information of sensor nodes. Instead, it needs only local depth information, which can be easily obtained with an inexpensive depth sensor that can be equipped in every underwater sensor node. DBR uses smaller depth as the only metric for choosing a route. This decision might lead to high energy consumption and long end to end delay which will degrade network performance. This paper proposes an improvement of DBR protocol by making routing decisions depend on fuzzy cost based on the residual energy of receiver node in conjunction with the depth difference of receiver node and previous forwarder node and the number of hops traveled by the received packet. Our simulation was carried out in Aquasim an NS2 based underwater simulator and the evaluation results show that the proposed fuzzy multi metric DBR protocol (FDBR) performs better than the original DBR in terms of average end to end delay, packet delivery ratio and energy savin

Investigating the effects of flax fibers application on multi-objective optimization of laminated composite plates for simultaneous cost minimization and frequency gap maximization

Funding information This research is supported by a research grant of the University of Tabriz (grant No. 3500). CRediT authorship contribution statement Yousef Hosseinzadeh: Conceptualization, Methodology. Shahin Jalili: Software, Writing - original draft. Reza Khani: Visualization, Investigation.Peer reviewedPostprin

Performance assessment of meta-heuristics for composite layup optimisation

Peer reviewedPostprin

Retraction Note to: The protective effect of Pentoxifylline on testopathy in male rats following Dimethyl Nitrosamine administration: An experimental study

This article has been retracted at the request of the IJRM editorial board, based on research the results of an investigation which found serious flaws in publishing the study results. &nbsp

Anesthetic Considerations in a Patient With Plexiform Neurofibromatosis: A Case Report

Plexiform neurofibromatosis is an uncommon variant of neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) (Von Recklinghausen’s disease). There is a greater prevalence of neurofibromatosis 1 in patients with other neoplasms, such as rhabdomyosarcomas, gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs), pheochromocytomas, carcinoid tumors and ganglioneuromas. We report the anesthetic implications of a case of a 33 year old patient with plexiform neurofibromatosis and a history of pheochromocytoma which was operated on previously. He presented with painless swelling on upper eye-lead since childhood and had multiple café-au-lait spots and neurofibromas on the trunk. The surgery was done in two sessions first on the plexiform neurofibroma of the eye followed by the operation on the brain mass

Secondary Brain Lymphoma in a Case of Breast Diffused Large B-Cell Lymphoma: Case Report

Secondary central nervous system lymphoma (SCNSL) is known as a rare disease. The risk factor of developing SCNSL is primary lymphoma type and site of involvement. We present a patient with an altered mental status known case of breast diffused large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) who underwent stereotactic biopsy because of a left periventricular mass lesion, which diagnosed as secondary brain lymphoma after pathologic typing. Because of limited data about the secondary central nervous system, lymphoma and it is a risk factor, we reported an aggressive breast DLBCL with brain involvement

A comprehensive survey on cultural algorithms

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Effect of BA and Ovule Developmental Stages on Embryo Rescue in Perlette Grape (Vitis Vinifera L.) Cultivar

Production of seedless varieties is one of the major breeding goals in grape vine. Traditional methods result in low percentage of seedless progeny production. Today for producing high percentage of seedless progeny, embryo rescue are used. In this research, the effects of BA concentrations (0, 30, 60 and 100 mg L-1) and the stage of ovule development (25, 35, 45, 55 and 65 days after pollination) were assessed on the success rate of the embryo rescue in Perlette grape (Vitis vinifera L.). BA was sprayed 14 days before and 7days after the anthesis. The berries were harvested at 25, 35, 45, 55 and 65 days post pollination. Ovules were cultured  in Nitch and Nitch medium with 0.35 mg L-1gibberellic acid (GA3) and 1 mg L-1 indolacetic acid (IAA). Characters such as germination, collapsed, callus-formed and enlarged ovules were recorded. The results revealed the effect of BA pre-treating and ovule developmental stage on percentage of germinated embryos, collapsed, callus- formed and enlarged ovules. The highest germination percentage was observed in BA 100 mg L-1 at 65 days post pollination treatment. The highest percentage of the collapsed ovules was observed at 25 days after pollination in all treatments. The highest percentage of the callus formation was observed in the BA treatment of 30 mg L-1 at 55 days after pollination. The highest percentage of the enlarged ovules was observed in the BA treatment of 60 mg L-1 at 45 days after pollination

Stiffness and Strength of Granular Soils Improved by Biological Treatment Bacteria Microbial Cements

In some parts of the world mechanical properties of problematic soils are not suitable for construction purposes. Today, regard to the importance of the soil improvement; by considering methods with more concordance with the environmental mechanisms in the nature, and with study and combination of geotechnical science, microbiology and geochemistry; researchers try to provide a suitable way to improve the physical and mechanical properties of the problematic soils. In this paper, the effect of the aerobic microorganisms of Sporosarsina Pasteurii (PTCC 1645), as a producer of Urease for the sedimentation of calcium carbonate and improvement of granular soil of Garmsar Industrial Town is evaluated experimentally in order to check the effects of this phenomena on the shear strength and stiffness of the granular soils. The results of the uniaxial compressive strength tests show the effect of adding the above mentioned microbial solution to the soils, in case of increased uniaxial compressive strength and stiffness of the soil. It should be mentioned that the granular soils have no compressive strength, naturally but after bio cementation the samples got notable values