Synthesis and Characterization of Bis-bispidine-based Tetraazamacrocycles and Their Coordination Studies

Bis-bispidine based tetraazamacrocycles can be used to encapsulate metal ions selectively to form highly stable complexes which may have interesting optical and electronic properties. This thesis discusses an effective synthetic pathway which has been used to obtain the desired bis-bispidine-based tetraazamacrocycles (Chapter 2). The synthesis of the macrocycles utilizes N -Boc- N -allylbispidinone 4 as the starting material which was subsequently converted to diketal bis(chloroacetamide) 8 and diketal bis(iodoacetamide) 9 . Cyclization of diketal bispidine hydrochloride 7 and bis(iodoacetamide) 9 followed by reduction afforded diketal bis-bispidine tetraazamacrocycle 12 . Cleavage of the ketal groups afforded a versatile bis-bispidinone substrate 13 which was further functionalized to diester 16 and bis-bispidine 17 . The desired bis-bispidine tetraazamacrocycle 17 was also obtained through another synthetic pathway which is discussed in Chapter 2. All the new compounds have been characterized by 1 H, 13 C NMR, IR, mass spectrometry and some by single crystal X-ray diffraction technique. Bis-bispidine-based tetraazamacrocycles have been used for coordination studies with metal ions under different reaction conditions and this is discussed in Chapter 3

a socio-cultural study

Thesis(Master) --KDI School:Master of Public Policy,2008masterpublishedby MD. JAHIRUL ISLAM MiAH

Estimation of Optimum Number of Poles for Random Signal by Yule-Walker Method

The Yule-Walker method is an effective method to estimate the system response or spectrum for random signal. Hence most of the noise and spurious signals are random in nature, so it is very convenient to estimate their spectrum by Yule-Walker method successfully. The Yule-Walker method is an autoregressive process to estimate the poles and errors also based on the number of poles for Wide Sense Stationary (WSS) process as well. Moreover the value of zero will be correspondingly calculated based on the poles in case of all poles model. The main concern of this paper is to analyze the Yule-Walker method and estimate the poles and zero along with the error based on the number of poles for a random signal. Moreover analyze the results to find out the optimum number of poles for least possible error

GR-461 Sudoku solver using brute force algorithm with backtracking approach

Sudoku is a fun game that challenges our brain to think logically. It only has numbers from 1 to 9 in a 9x9 matrix network where the nine numbers should not be repeated in the same column, row or each 3x3 submatrix. Although there are numerous methods to solve this problem, the most common method is the backtracking algorithm. So, we are using brute force algorithm to solve sudoku and then compare it with backtracking to ensure which algorithm gives best results

Design and Development of Instant Power Supply

Abstract: Instant Power Supply unit (IPS) is an electrical device that provides power when the main supply fails to operate. In the present work an attempt has been made to design and develop an instant power supply unit at the electronics laboratory of department of Physics, Jahangirnagar University. In the present circuit active and passive devices, such as diodes, transistors, capacitors, resistors etc have been used. Two transformers (One Step up and one step down) have also been used in this work. A voltage regulator (LM 338K) is used in the charger circuit so that the battery will be charged properly and will not be over charged. As a result the battery will get long life. Also the output of the device will be automatically stable. A relay circuit has been incorporated so that when the main supply is present the battery will automatically be charged and not provide any output. The main supply would come to the output of the IPS through the relay circuit. The designed circuit is operated successfully and the results obtained are satisfactory

Problems of Shariah governance framework and different bodies: an empirical investigation of Islamic banks in Bangladesh

The study aims to explore the problems of the existing Shariah Governance Framework (SGF) and its concerned authorities in the context of Bangladesh. Thus, according to responses from 17 respondents, this study outlines that Bangladesh has an absence of a shortage of experts, experienced, knowledgeable, and qualified Shariah people at all levels (i.e., the central bank, Islamic banks, Shariah Supervisory Boards (SSBs), and regulators). Therefore, Bangladesh does not have a separate Islamic banking act, Shariah audit firm, Shariah index institutions, and comprehensive SGF. The existing guideline has a limitation concerning its comprehensiveness, accountability, responsibility, and structure of SSBs. Islamic banks do not follow the instruction of the central bank in the formation of SSBs. As a result, there is an absence of competent and qualified SSB, which also results in the functions of Shariah departments as well as Shariah applications. Usually, the Board of Directors (BOD), management, executives, customers, and the public also have the conceptual gap about Islamic banks, SGF, and banking system compared to the regular prayers, faith, and belief. Concisely, Bangladesh requisites a comprehensive SGF, Islamic banking act, a standard accounting system, and a robust Shariah audit system for the overall development of Islamic banks and SGF

Explore the Natural Beauty of Robert Frost’s in his Poetry

Nature is the most excellent attribute of Robert Frost’s poetry. Frost has a profound affection and compassion towards animals. However, traditional rural life is not the main focus of Frost’s poetry. Frost reflects mostly on the extraordinary struggle that has taken place in the natural environment. His poems typically begin with the observation of Nature and continue to connect with the human psychological condition. According to Frost, Nature is not just a source of joy but also an impetus of human intelligence. People should be educated by thought, such that Nature is the main character in his poetry rather than only a backdrop

Health-related quality of life in post-stroke patients attended at tertiary-level hospitals in Bangladesh

BackgroundInsufficient data on the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of stroke survivors in less-resourced regions like Bangladesh emphasizes the need for understanding influencing factors. In this cross-sectional study, our objective was to assess potential factors associated with the HRQoL among stroke survivors in Bangladesh.MethodsThe study included 424 stroke survivors (65% male, mean age 57.25 ± 12.13 years) undergoing rehabilitation at four tertiary-level hospitals in Bangladesh. The HRQoL was assessed using the European Quality of Life Scale-5 Dimensions (EuroQol-5D), covering mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression, along with a visual analog scale (VAS). Sociodemographic such as age, marital status, education, occupation, tobacco habit cohabitant situation, and health-related factors such as type and duration of stroke, co-morbidity, receipt of rehabilitation, and use of assistive devices served as independent variables. Bivariate logistic regression was utilized to ascertain the estimated risk factors for HRQOL, presenting odds ratios (OR) and a 95% confidence interval (CI) after adjusting for potential confounders.ResultsThe study primarily involved participants from rural areas (57.8%) with primary education (67.7%). Stroke survivors reported a mean EQ summary index of 0.393 ± 0.46 and a VAS score of 40.43 ± 18. A majority experienced a stroke within 1–3 months (66%), with 52.6% exhibiting left-side weakness. The results highlight significant challenges among survivors: 79.5% faced mobility issues, 81.1% were dependent in self-care, 87% had activity limitations, 70.8% suffered from bodily pain, and 84% experienced symptoms of anxiety or depression. Widowed or single survivors encountered greater difficulties in mobility (Adjusted Odds Ratio, AOR = 1.24, 95% CI = 0.35–4.45) and pain/discomfort (AOR = 2.85, 95% CI = 0.85–9.27) compared to their married counterparts. Those lacking access to rehabilitation services faced considerably higher challenges: mobility difficulties were nearly thirty times greater (AOR = 29.37, 95% CI = 8.85–97.50), difficulties in self-care were about forty-four times higher (AOR = 43.21, 95% CI = 10.02–186.41), challenges in usual activities were also forty-four times more frequent (AOR = 43.47, 95% CI = 5.88–321.65), pain/discomfort was nearly five times more prevalent (AOR = 4.35, 95% CI = 2.45–7.71), and anxiety or depression was over twenty times more common (AOR = 20.14, 95% CI = 7.21–56.35) compared to those who received rehabilitation services.ConclusionThe findings suggest that the enhancement of HRQoL in post-stroke patients in Bangladesh necessitates targeted interventions, including family support, tobacco cessation, recurrent stroke prevention, and effective rehabilitation services. Longitudinal studies are recommended for further confirmation of these findings

Real-time PCR assay and rapid diagnostic tests for the diagnosis of clinically suspected malaria patients in Bangladesh

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>More than 95% of total malaria cases in Bangladesh are reported from the 13 high endemic districts. <it>Plasmodium falciparum </it>and <it>Plasmodium vivax </it>are the two most abundant malaria parasites in the country. To improve the detection and management of malaria patients, the National Malaria Control Programme (NMCP) has been using rapid diagnostic test (RDT) in the endemic areas. A study was conducted to establish a SYBR Green-based modified real-time PCR assay as a gold standard to evaluate the performance of four commercially-available malaria RDTs, along with the classical gold standard- microscopy.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Blood samples were collected from 338 febrile patients referred for the diagnosis of malaria by the attending physician at Matiranga</p> <p>Upazila Health Complex (UHC) from May 2009 to August 2010. Paracheck RDT and microscopy were performed at the UHC. The blood samples were preserved in EDTA tubes. A SYBR Green-based real-time PCR assay was performed and evaluated. The performances of the remaining three RDTs (Falcivax, Onsite Pf and Onsite Pf/Pv) were also evaluated against microscopy and real-time PCR using the stored blood samples.</p> <p>Result</p> <p>In total, 338 febrile patients were enrolled in the study. Malaria parasites were detected in 189 (55.9%) and 188 (55.6%) patients by microscopy and real-time PCR respectively. Among the RDTs, the highest sensitivity for the detection of <it>P. falciparum </it>(including mixed infection) was obtained by Paracheck [98.8%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 95.8-99.9] and Falcivax (97.6%, 95% CI 94.1-99.4) compared to microscopy and real-time PCR respectively. Paracheck and Onsite Pf/Pv gave the highest specificity (98.8%, 95% CI 95.7-99.9) compared to microscopy and Onsite Pf/Pv (98.8, 95% CI 95.8-99.9) compared to real-time PCR respectively for the detection of <it>P. falciparum</it>. On the other hand Falcivax and Onsite Pf/Pv had equal sensitivity (90.5%, 95% CI 69.6-98.8) and almost 100% specificity compared to microscopy for the detection of <it>P. vivax</it>. However, compared to real-time PCR assay RDTs and microscopy gave low sensitivity (76.9%, 95% CI 56.4-91) in detecting of <it>P. vivax </it>although a very high specificity was obtained (99- 100%).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The results of this study suggest that the SYBR Green-based real-time PCR assay could be used as an alternative gold standard method in a reference setting. Commercially-available RDTs used in the study are quite sensitive and specific in detecting <it>P. falciparum</it>, although their sensitivity in detecting <it>P. vivax </it>was not satisfactory compared to the real-time PCR assay.</p