649 research outputs found
The self-assembly and evolution of homomeric protein complexes
We introduce a simple "patchy particle" model to study the thermodynamics and
dynamics of self-assembly of homomeric protein complexes. Our calculations
allow us to rationalize recent results for dihedral complexes. Namely, why
evolution of such complexes naturally takes the system into a region of
interaction space where (i) the evolutionarily newer interactions are weaker,
(ii) subcomplexes involving the stronger interactions are observed to be
thermodynamically stable on destabilization of the protein-protein interactions
and (iii) the self-assembly dynamics are hierarchical with these same
subcomplexes acting as kinetic intermediates.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
Axial form factor of the nucleon in the perturbative chiral quark model
We apply the perturbative chiral quark model (PCQM) at one loop to analyze
the axial form factor of the nucleon. This chiral quark model is based on an
effective Lagrangian, where baryons are described by relativistic valence
quarks and a perturbative cloud of Goldstone bosons as dictated by chiral
symmetry. We apply the formalism to obtain analytical expressions for the axial
form factor of the nucleon, which is given in terms of fundamental parameters
of low-energy pion-nucleon physics (weak pion decay constant, strong
pion-nucleon form factor) and of only one model parameter (radius of the
nucleonic three-quark core).Comment: 23 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in J. Phys.
The neutron electric dipole form factor in the perturbative chiral quark model
We calculate the electric dipole form factor of the neutron in a perturbative
chiral quark model, parameterizing CP-violation of generic origin by means of
effective electric dipole moments of the constituent quarks and their
CP-violating couplings to the chiral fields. We discuss the relation of these
effective parameters to more fundamental ones such as the intrinsic electric
and chromoelectric dipole moments of quarks and the Weinberg parameter. From
the existing experimental upper limits on the neutron EDM we derive constraints
on these CP-violating parameters.Comment: 20 pages, 3 figure
Phase separation of a multiple occupancy lattice gas
A binary lattice gas model that allows for multiple occupancy of lattice
sites, inspired by recent coarse-grained descriptions of solutions of
interacting polymers, is investigated by combining the steepest descent
approximation with an exploration of the multidimensional energy landscape, and
by Gibbs ensemble Monte Carlo simulations. The one-component version of the
model, involving on site and nearest neighbour interactions, is shown to
exhibit microphase separation into two sub-lattices with different mean
occupation numbers. The symmetric two-component version of the multiple
occupancy lattice gas is shown to exhibit a demixing transition into two phases
above a critical mean occupation number.Comment: submitted to Journal of Physics
Directed Ising type dynamic preroughening transition in one dimensional interfaces
We present a realization of directed Ising (DI) type dynamic absorbing state
phase transitions in the context of one-dimensional interfaces, such as the
relaxation of a step on a vicinal surface. Under the restriction that particle
deposition and evaporation can only take place near existing kinks, the
interface relaxes into one of three steady states: rough, perfectly ordered
flat (OF) without kinks, or disordered flat (DOF) with randomly placed kinks
but in perfect up-down alternating order. A DI type dynamic preroughening
transition takes place between the OF and DOF phases. At this critical point
the asymptotic time evolution is controlled not only by the DI exponents but
also by the initial condition. Information about the correlations in the
initial state persists and changes the critical exponents.Comment: 12 pages, 10 figure
Genera of phytopathogenic fungi: GOPHY 3
This paper represents the third contribution in the Genera of Phytopathogenic Fungi (GOPHY) series. The series provides morphological descriptions, information about the pathology, distribution, hosts and disease symptoms for the treated genera, as well as primary and secondary DNA barcodes for the currently accepted species included in these. This third paper in the GOPHY series treats 21 genera of phytopathogenic fungi and their relatives including: Allophoma, Alternaria, Brunneosphaerella, Elsinoe, Exserohilum, Neosetophoma, Neostagonospora, Nothophoma, Parastagonospora, Phaeosphaeriopsis, Pleiocarpon, Pyrenophora, Ramichloridium, Seifertia, Seiridium, Septoriella, Setophoma, Stagonosporopsis, Stemphylium, Tubakia and Zasmidium. This study includes three new genera, 42 new species, 23 new combinations, four new names, and three typifications of older names
Atomic Tunneling from a STM/AFM tip: Dissipative Quantum Effects from Phonons
We study the effects of phonons on the tunneling of an atom between two
surfaces. In contrast to an atom tunneling in the bulk, the phonons couple very
strongly, and qualitatively change the tunneling behavior. This is the first
example of {\it ohmic} coupling from phonons for a two-state system. We propose
an experiment in which an atom tunnels from the tip of an STM, and show how its
behavior would be similar to the Macroscopic Quantum Coherence behavior
predicted for SQUIDS. The ability to tune and calculate many parameters would
lead to detailed tests of the standard theories. (For a general intro to this
work on the on the World-Wide-Web: http://www.lassp.cornell.edu. Click on
``Entertaining Science Done Here'' and ``Quantum Tunneling of Atoms'')Comment: 12 pages, ReVTex3.0, two figures (postscript). This is a
(substantially) revised version of cond-mat/9406043. More info (+ postscript
text) at : http://www.lassp.cornell.edu/ardlouis/publications.htm
DNA cruciform arms nucleate through a correlated but non-synchronous cooperative mechanism
Inverted repeat (IR) sequences in DNA can form non-canonical cruciform
structures to relieve torsional stress. We use Monte Carlo simulations of a
recently developed coarse-grained model of DNA to demonstrate that the
nucleation of a cruciform can proceed through a cooperative mechanism. Firstly,
a twist-induced denaturation bubble must diffuse so that its midpoint is near
the centre of symmetry of the IR sequence. Secondly, bubble fluctuations must
be large enough to allow one of the arms to form a small number of hairpin
bonds. Once the first arm is partially formed, the second arm can rapidly grow
to a similar size. Because bubbles can twist back on themselves, they need
considerably fewer bases to resolve torsional stress than the final cruciform
state does. The initially stabilised cruciform therefore continues to grow,
which typically proceeds synchronously, reminiscent of the S-type mechanism of
cruciform formation. By using umbrella sampling techniques we calculate, for
different temperatures and superhelical densities, the free energy as a
function of the number of bonds in each cruciform along the correlated but
non-synchronous nucleation pathways we observed in direct simulations.Comment: 12 pages main paper + 11 pages supplementary dat
Thermographic imaging in sports and exercise medicine: A Delphi study and consensus statement on the measurement of human skin temperature
This is an accepted manuscript of an article published by Elsevier in Journal of Thermal Biology on 18/07/2017, available online: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtherbio.2017.07.006
The accepted version of the publication may differ from the final published version.© 2017 Elsevier Ltd The importance of using infrared thermography (IRT) to assess skin temperature (tsk) is increasing in clinical settings. Recently, its use has been increasing in sports and exercise medicine; however, no consensus guideline exists to address the methods for collecting data in such situations. The aim of this study was to develop a checklist for the collection of tsk using IRT in sports and exercise medicine. We carried out a Delphi study to set a checklist based on consensus agreement from leading experts in the field. Panelists (n =  24) representing the areas of sport science (n = 8; 33%), physiology (n = 7; 29%), physiotherapy (n = 3; 13%) and medicine (n = 6; 25%), from 13 different countries completed the Delphi process. An initial list of 16 points was proposed which was rated and commented on by panelists in three rounds of anonymous surveys following a standard Delphi procedure. The panel reached consensus on 15 items which encompassed the participants’ demographic information, camera/room or environment setup and recording/analysis of tsk using IRT. The results of the Delphi produced the checklist entitled “Thermographic Imaging in Sports and Exercise Medicine (TISEM)” which is a proposal to standardize the collection and analysis of tsk data using IRT. It is intended that the TISEM can also be applied to evaluate bias in thermographic studies and to guide practitioners in the use of this technique.Published versio
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