Impact of 3-Cyanopropionic Acid Methyl Ester on the Electrochemical Performance of ZnMn₂O₄ as Negative Electrode for Li-Ion Batteries

Due to their high theoretical capacity, transition metal oxide compounds are promising electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries. However, one drawback is associated with relevant capacity fluctuations during cycling, widely observed in the literature. Such strong capacity variation can result in practical problems when positive and negative electrode materials have to be matched in a full cell. Herein, the study of ZnMn2O4 (ZMO) in a nonconventional electrolyte based on 3-cyanopropionic acid methyl ester (CPAME) solvent and LiPF6 salt is reported for the first time. Although ZMO in LiPF6/CPAME electrolyte displays a dramatic capacity decay during the first cycles, it shows promising cycling ability and a suppressed capacity fluctuation when vinylene carbonate (VC) is used as an additive to the CPAME-based electrolyte. To understand the nature of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), the electrochemical study is correlated to ex situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS)

Renormalisation group corrections to neutrino mixing sum rules

Neutrino mixing sum rules are common to a large class of models based on the (discrete) symmetry approach to lepton flavour. In this approach the neutrino mixing matrix $U$ is assumed to have an underlying approximate symmetry form \tildeU_\nu, which is dictated by, or associated with, the employed (discrete) symmetry. In such a setup the cosine of the Dirac CP-violating phase $\delta$ can be related to the three neutrino mixing angles in terms of a sum rule which depends on the symmetry form of \tildeU_\nu. We consider five extensively discussed possible symmetry forms of \tildeU_\nu: i) bimaximal (BM) and ii) tri-bimaximal (TBM) forms, the forms corresponding to iii) golden ratio type A (GRA) mixing, iv) golden ratio type B (GRB) mixing, and v) hexagonal (HG) mixing. For each of these forms we investigate the renormalisation group corrections to the sum rule predictions for $\delta$ in the cases of neutrino Majorana mass term generated by the Weinberg (dimension 5) operator added to i) the Standard Model, and ii) the minimal SUSY extension of the Standard Model

An SU(5)×A5 golden ratio flavour model

In this paper we study an SU(5)×A5 flavour model which exhibits a neutrino mass sum rule and golden ratio mixing in the neutrino sector which is corrected from the charged lepton Yukawa couplings. We give the full renormalisable superpotential for the model which breaks SU(5) and A5 after integrating out heavy messenger fields and minimising the scalar potential. The mass sum rule allows for both mass orderings but we will show that inverted ordering is not valid in this setup. For normal ordering we find the lightest neutrino to have a mass of about 10-50 meV, and all leptonic mixing angles in agreement with experiment

Exact Scale Invariance in Mixing of Binary Candidates in Voting Model

We introduce a voting model and discuss the scale invariance in the mixing of candidates. The Candidates are classified into two categories $\mu\in \{0,1\}$ and are called as `binary' candidates. There are in total $N=N_{0}+N_{1}$ candidates, and voters vote for them one by one. The probability that a candidate gets a vote is proportional to the number of votes. The initial number of votes (`seed') of a candidate $\mu$ is set to be $s_{\mu}$. After infinite counts of voting, the probability function of the share of votes of the candidate $\mu$ obeys gamma distributions with the shape exponent $s_{\mu}$ in the thermodynamic limit $Z_{0}=N_{1}s_{1}+N_{0}s_{0}\to \infty$. Between the cumulative functions $\{x_{\mu}\}$ of binary candidates, the power-law relation $1-x_{1} \sim (1-x_{0})^{\alpha}$ with the critical exponent $\alpha=s_{1}/s_{0}$ holds in the region $1-x_{0},1-x_{1}<<1$. In the double scaling limit $(s_{1},s_{0})\to (0,0)$ and $Z_{0} \to \infty$ with $s_{1}/s_{0}=\alpha$ fixed, the relation $1-x_{1}=(1-x_{0})^{\alpha}$ holds exactly over the entire range $0\le x_{0},x_{1} \le 1$. We study the data on horse races obtained from the Japan Racing Association for the period 1986 to 2006 and confirm scale invariance.Comment: 19 pages, 8 figures, 2 table

Statistical mechanics of voting

Decision procedures aggregating the preferences of multiple agents can produce cycles and hence outcomes which have been described heuristically as `chaotic'. We make this description precise by constructing an explicit dynamical system from the agents' preferences and a voting rule. The dynamics form a one dimensional statistical mechanics model; this suggests the use of the topological entropy to quantify the complexity of the system. We formulate natural political/social questions about the expected complexity of a voting rule and degree of cohesion/diversity among agents in terms of random matrix models---ensembles of statistical mechanics models---and compute quantitative answers in some representative cases.Comment: 9 pages, plain TeX, 2 PostScript figures included with epsf.tex (ignore the under/overfull \vbox error messages

Leptonic Dirac CP Violation Predictions from Residual Discrete Symmetries

Assuming that the observed pattern of 3-neutrino mixing is related to the existence of a (lepton) flavour symmetry, corresponding to a non-Abelian discrete symmetry group Gf, and that Gf is broken to specific residual symmetries Ge and G\u3bd of the charged lepton and neutrino mass terms, we derive sum rules for the cosine of the Dirac phase \u3b4 of the neutrino mixing matrix U. The residual symmetries considered are: i) Ge=Z2 and G\u3bd=Zn, n>2 or Zn 7Zm, n, m 652; ii) Ge=Zn, n>2 or Zn 7Zm, n, m 652 and G\u3bd=Z2; iii) Ge=Z2 and G\u3bd=Z2; iv) Ge is fully broken and G\u3bd=Zn, n>2 or Zn 7Zm, n, m 652; and v) Ge=Zn, n>2 or Zn 7Zm, n, m 652 and G\u3bd is fully broken. For given Ge and G\u3bd, the sum rules for cos \u3b4 thus derived are exact, within the approach employed, and are valid, in particular, for any Gf containing Ge and G\u3bd as subgroups. We identify the cases when the value of cos \u3b4 cannot be determined, or cannot be uniquely determined, without making additional assumptions on unconstrained parameters. In a large class of cases considered the value of cos \u3b4 can be unambiguously predicted once the flavour symmetry Gf is fixed. We present predictions for cos \u3b4 in these cases for the flavour symmetry groups Gf=S4, A4, T' and A5, requiring that the measured values of the 3-neutrino mixing parameters sin2\u3b812, sin2\u3b813 and sin2\u3b823, taking into account their respective 3\u3c3 uncertainties, are successfully reproduced. \ua9 2015 The Authors

Tau Neutrinos in the Next Decade: from GeV to EeV

Tau neutrinos are the least studied particle in the Standard Model. Thiswhitepaper discusses the current and expected upcoming status of tau neutrinophysics with attention to the broad experimental and theoretical landscapespanning long-baseline, beam-dump, collider, and astrophysical experiments.This whitepaper was prepared as a part of the NuTau2021 Workshop.<br