12 research outputs found
Incidens och prevalens av icke-affektiva psykoser i Stockholms lÀn : en registerstudie
Objective: To estimate the incidence and prevalence of non-affective psychoses including the subgroup schizophrenia in Stockholm County, using health-care records, and to investigate the relationship between psychiatric out- and inpatient care for persons with non-affective psychosis.
Method: Data from the psychiatric out- and inpatient health-care in Stockholm County has been collected at local level and constitutes Stockholm Non-Affective Psychoses-registry (SNAPS). The register comprises 13,561 individuals registered with the diagnosis of non- affective psychosis at some time during the years 1997â2006. SNAPS include information about outpatient visits (1997â2006) and inpatient occasions (years 1973â2006) as well as information about psychiatric diagnoses. Incidence and prevalence based on both out- and inpatient data and incidence based solely on inpatient data were estimated for the year 2005. Furthermore, prevalence over time were estimated, and for the year 2005, different geographical areas in the county.
Results: When data from out- and inpatient care used, the incidence of schizophrenia was estimated to 28/100 000 inhabitants (age range 18â34 years) and non-affective psychosis to 72/100 000 inhabitants (age range 18â44 years). Considerably lower incidences were noted when only inpatient data were used (schizophrenia 13/100 000 and non-affective psychosis 42/100 000). Schizophrenia prevalence was estimated to 0.37% and for non-affective psychosis to 0.67% (age group 18â64). There were large geographical differences in the prevalence of non-affective psychosis in Stockholm County (from 0.35% to 1.32%). The proportion of persons who only had contact with outpatient care during the years 1997â2006, was estimated to 45%. When consideration to previous inpatient care was taken, the proportion reduced to twenty-five percent. For prevalent cases in 2005, the proportion of persons who only appeared in outpatient care was 67%.
Conclusion: Treatment incidence and prevalence of non-affective psychoses can be estimated with the health-care based registry SNAPS. Estimations of psychosis incidence and prevalence based on health-care records after the millennium, should include both out- and inpatient data, to avoid too much underestimation and misclassification of incident cases. Given the development in psychiatric care, with more out- instead of inpatient care, information about diagnoses from both out- and inpatient care will be needed in the future. This is important for health-care planning as well as for research.Syfte: Att skatta incidens och prevalens av icke-affektiva psykoser inklusive subgruppen schizofreni i Stockholms lÀn med hjÀlp av vÄrdregister, samt att undersöka förhÄllandet mellan psykiatrisk öppenvÄrd och slutenvÄrd för personer med icke-affektiv psykos.
Metod: Data frĂ„n psykiatrisk öppen- och slutenvĂ„rd i Stockholms lĂ€n har insamlats pĂ„ lokal nivĂ„ och utgör Stockholm Non-Affective Psychoses-registry (SNAPS). Registret innehĂ„ller 13 561 individer registrerade med diagnos icke-affektiv psykos nĂ„gon gĂ„ng under Ă„ren 1997â2006. Förutom information om öppenvĂ„rdsbesök (Ă„ren 1997â2006) och slutenvĂ„rdstillfĂ€llen (Ă„ren 1973â2006), innehĂ„ller registret information om psykiatriska diagnoser frĂ„n bĂ„da vĂ„rdformerna. Incidens och prevalens baserat pĂ„ bĂ„de öppen- och slutenvĂ„rdsdata och incidens baserat pĂ„ enbart slutenvĂ„rdsdata skattades för Ă„r 2005. Vidare skattades prevalensen över tid och för olika geografiska omrĂ„den i Stockholms lĂ€n för Ă„r 2005.
Resultat: DĂ„ information frĂ„n bĂ„de öppen- och slutenvĂ„rd anvĂ€ndes, skattades incidensen för schizofreni till 28/100 000 invĂ„nare (Ă„ldersgrupp 18â34 Ă„r) och för icke-affektiv psykos till 72/100 000 invĂ„nare (Ă„ldersgrupp 18â44 Ă„r). Betydligt lĂ€gre incidenser noterades dĂ„ enbart slutenvĂ„rdsdata anvĂ€ndes (schizofreni 13â100 000 och icke-affektiv psykos 42/100 000). EttĂ„rsprevalensen för schizofreni skattades till 0,37% och för icke-affektiv psykos till 0,67% (Ă„ldersgrupp 18â64 Ă„r). Det var stora geografiska skillnader i prevalens för icke-affektiv psykos inom Stockholms lĂ€n (frĂ„n 0,35 % till 1,32 %). Andelen personer som enbart haft kontakt med öppenvĂ„rden under Ă„ren 1997â2006 skattades till 45 %, och dĂ„ hĂ€nsyn till tidi- gare slutenvĂ„rd togs, reducerades andelen till tjugofem procent. För prevalenta fall under Ă„r 2005, var andelen personer som endast Ă„terfanns i öppenvĂ„rden 67 %.
Slutsats: VÄrdincidens och vÄrdprevalens av icke-affektiva psykoser kan berÀknas med det vÄrdbaserade registret SNAPS. Vid skattning av psykosincidens och prevalens baserat pÄ vÄrdregister efter millenniumskiftet, bör bÄde öppenvÄrd och slutenvÄrdsdata inkluderas, för att undvika allt för stor underskattning samt felklassificering av incidenta fall. Med tanke pÄ utvecklingen inom den psykiatriska vÄrden, med alltmer öppenvÄrd istÀllet för slutenvÄrd, förvÀntas behovet av bÄda informationskÀllorna kvarstÄ men förutsÀtter diagnosregistrering inom bÄda vÄrdformerna. Detta har betydelse för bÄde vÄrdplanering och forskning
Subordinated masculinities : A critical inquiry into reproduction of gender norms in handovers and rounds in a forensic psychiatric care
Aims and objectives To examine how gendered discursive norms and notions of masculinity are (re)produced in professional conversations about men cared for as patients in forensic psychiatric care, with a particular focus on the centrality of language and gender. Background During verbal handovers and ward rounds, care staff converse to share information about patients and make decisions about their mental status. Spoken language is thus a pivotal tool in verbal handovers and ward rounds, one able to reproduce discourses and gender norms. Design Qualitative. Data collected from audio recordings of verbal handovers and ward rounds in a forensic psychiatric clinic were subjected to discourse analysis. The COREQ checklist was used. Results While discussing patients, staff subordinated them by reproducing a discourse typical of heteronormative, family-oriented care. The overarching discourse, which we labelledsubordinated masculinities, was supported by three other discourses:being unable to take responsibility,being drug-addictedandperforming masculinity. Such discourse was identified as a disciplining practice that subordinate's patients as a means to maintain order, rules and gender norms. Conclusion The study reveals a caring practice that position male patients as children or disabled individuals and, in that way, as subordinated other men within a context were staff reproduces a heteronormative family structured care. The process also reveals a practice were downplaying aggressive and deviant behaviour could disempower and reduce patients ' responsibility for personal actions and their possibilities to participate in their care. That finding especially seems to contradict previous findings that patients want to be able to act responsibly and, to that end, want care staff to help them. Relevance to clinical practice Nurses need to deepen their understanding of how language (re)produces discursive norms of gender and masculinity in forensic care and that process's consequences for such care.Peer reviewe
FörskollÀrares resonemang om anvÀndning av surfplattan i förskolan
Denna studie syftar till att undersöka hur förskollÀrare anvÀnder surfplattan i förskolans verksamhet. Genom fem semistrukturerade intervjuer med förskollÀrare samlades data om deras resonemang om att anvÀnda surfplattan, som Àr det digitala verktyget som anvÀnds mest i förskolan (Nylander, 2019), i förskolans verksamhet för att besvara studiens undersökningsfrÄga. Studien utgÄr frÄn ett sociokulturellt perspektiv dÀr lÀrande och utveckling i sociala samspel Àr centralt. Studiens resultat klargör att de didaktiska frÄgorna, vad, hur och varför Àr viktiga att reflektera kring vid anvÀndning av surfplattan i förskolan. Det framgÄr i vÄr studie att surfplattan kan anvÀndas som ett verktyg för undervisning och dokumentation, dÀr fördelar med pekskÀrmens funktionen anses fördelaktig för barn. UtifrÄn intervjuerna framgÄr det att förskollÀrarens digitala kompetens Àr betydelsefull för hur och till vad surfplattan kommer till anvÀndning dÀr förskollÀrarens roll Àr central. Denna undersökning bidrar med resonemang och ger underlag för reflektion kring hur och till vad surfplattan ska anvÀndas i förskolans verksamhet och motiverar varför sÄ att anvÀndandet inte bara blir för att det skrivs fram i lÀroplanen (Skolverket, 2018) att barn ska ges möjlighet att utveckla adekvat digital kompetens.
LivsomstÀllning vid kombinerad syn- och hörselnedsÀttning/dövblindhet : ett inre arbete över tid
Boken Àr dessutom utgiven pÄ Engelska, Danska, Norsk
Sitting less elicits metabolic responses similar to exercise and enhances insulin sensitivity in postmenopausal women
Aims/hypothesis: In our current society sedentary behaviour predominates in most people and is associated with the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. It has been suggested that replacing sitting time by standing and walking could be beneficial for individuals with type 2 diabetes but the underlying mechanisms are unknown and direct comparisons with exercise are lacking. Our objective was to directly compare metabolic responses of either sitting less or exercising, relative to being sedentary. Methods: We performed a randomised, crossover intervention study in 12 overweight women who performed three well-controlled 4Â day activity regimens: (1) sitting regimen (sitting 14Â h/day); (2) exercise regimen (sitting 13Â h/day, exercise 1Â h/day); and (3) sitting less regimen (sitting 9Â h/day, standing 4Â h/day and walking 3Â h/day). The primary outcome was insulin sensitivity measured by a two-step hyperinsulinaemicâeuglycaemic clamp. We additionally performed metabolomics on muscle biopsies taken before the clamp to identify changes at the molecular level. Results: Replacing sitting time by standing and walking over 4Â days resulted in improved peripheral insulin sensitivity, comparable with the improvement achieved by moderate-to-vigorous exercise. Specifically, we report a significant improvement in peripheral insulin sensitivity in the sitting less (~13%) and the exercise regimen (~20%), compared with the sitting regimen. Furthermore, sitting less shifted the underlying muscle metabolome towards that seen with moderate-to-vigorous exercise, compared with the sitting regimen. Conclusions/interpretations: Replacing sitting time by standing and walking is an attractive alternative to moderate-to-vigorous exercise for improving metabolic health. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03912922. Graphical abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.