Cyberbullying in Germany – an exploration of prevalence, overlapping with real life bullying and coping strategies

A new phenomenon of violence among pupils has been spreading over Europe in the last few years: Cyberbullying, the repeated and intended hurting of weaker schoolmates via modern communication technologies. This study shows (based on a sample of 1987 pupils), that cyberbullying exists in Germany, although the number of incidents is still rather small. It could also be shown, that the pupils who act as cyberbullies are the same as those who bully others in real life. The same overlap was found to be true for the victims. Cyberbullying can therefore be considered a subcategory of ordinary bullying instead of being considered a whole new phenomenon. The exploration of coping strategies showed, that a common factor structure underlies physical, verbal and cyberbullying. Considering the fact that the findings of the study are based on an online questionnaire with restricted representativeness, the results should however be interpreted carefully

Klassifikation von Cyberbullying: eine empirische Untersuchung zu einem Kategoriensystem für die Spielarten virtueller Gewalt

"Cyberbullying, das wiederholte Angreifen wehrloser Opfer über neue Medien, ist ein vergleichweise neuartiges Phänomen. Um die verschiedenen Formen von Cyberbullying zu kategorisieren und auf Basis dieser Kategorisierung weiter zu erforschen, schlug Willard (2006) eine Taxonomie vor, die jedoch lediglich theoretisch begründet ist. Der vorliegende Beitrag liefert eine empirische Rechtfertigung für den Einsatz der Willard'schen Taxonomie, indem die Angemessenheit des Kategoriensystems an einer Stichprobe deutscher Schüler in Bezug auf Disjunktheit und Exhaustivität überprüft wird. Beide Kriterien können als erfüllt und somit die Taxonomie für die weitere Verwendung als geeignet betrachtet werden." (Autorenreferat)"Cyberbullying, the repeated attacking of helpless victims via new media, is a rather new phenomenon. Willard proposed a taxonomy in 2006 for categorizing and further investigating different subtypes of cyberbullying. However, Willard's system of categorization has only a theoretical foundation. This paper provides an empirical justification for the usage of the system, by showing that it is disjunct as well as exhaustive." (author's abstract

Biographische Analyse und biographische Diagnostik

Methoden, Zielsetzungen und Perspektiven der biographischen Analyse werden diskutiert. Die biographische Diagnostik wird als Teilaspekt der wissenschaftlichen Disziplin der Psychologischen Diagnostik eingeordnet. Der Einsatz von Anamneseschemata läßt Anamnesen als hypothesengenerierendes Instrumentarium, als Stützung von Testbefunden und als Datensammlungsinstrumentarium zu. Festgestellt wird, daß biographische Fragebogen im deutschsprachigen Raum im Gegensatz zu Life-event-inventories mehr Verbreitung gefunden haben. Hinsichtlich der Zielsetzungen wird konstatiert, daß alle Arten von Aussagen mit Hilfe der biographischen Analyse bearbeitbar sind, daß aber nicht alle Pole der Dimension in Frage kommen. Es wird darauf hingewiesen, daß biographische Daten vom befragten Menschen her manipulierbar sind und in besonderer Weise einen Einblick in den Sozialisationsprozeß des Menschen erlauben. (KG

Implicating genes, pleiotropy, and sexual dimorphism at blood lipid loci through multi-ancestry meta-analysis

Publisher Copyright: © 2022, The Author(s).Background: Genetic variants within nearly 1000 loci are known to contribute to modulation of blood lipid levels. However, the biological pathways underlying these associations are frequently unknown, limiting understanding of these findings and hindering downstream translational efforts such as drug target discovery. Results: To expand our understanding of the underlying biological pathways and mechanisms controlling blood lipid levels, we leverage a large multi-ancestry meta-analysis (N = 1,654,960) of blood lipids to prioritize putative causal genes for 2286 lipid associations using six gene prediction approaches. Using phenome-wide association (PheWAS) scans, we identify relationships of genetically predicted lipid levels to other diseases and conditions. We confirm known pleiotropic associations with cardiovascular phenotypes and determine novel associations, notably with cholelithiasis risk. We perform sex-stratified GWAS meta-analysis of lipid levels and show that 3–5% of autosomal lipid-associated loci demonstrate sex-biased effects. Finally, we report 21 novel lipid loci identified on the X chromosome. Many of the sex-biased autosomal and X chromosome lipid loci show pleiotropic associations with sex hormones, emphasizing the role of hormone regulation in lipid metabolism. Conclusions: Taken together, our findings provide insights into the biological mechanisms through which associated variants lead to altered lipid levels and potentially cardiovascular disease risk.Peer reviewe

Implicating genes, pleiotropy, and sexual dimorphism at blood lipid loci through multi-ancestry meta-analysis

Abstract Background Genetic variants within nearly 1000 loci are known to contribute to modulation of blood lipid levels. However, the biological pathways underlying these associations are frequently unknown, limiting understanding of these findings and hindering downstream translational efforts such as drug target discovery. Results To expand our understanding of the underlying biological pathways and mechanisms controlling blood lipid levels, we leverage a large multi-ancestry meta-analysis (N = 1,654,960) of blood lipids to prioritize putative causal genes for 2286 lipid associations using six gene prediction approaches. Using phenome-wide association (PheWAS) scans, we identify relationships of genetically predicted lipid levels to other diseases and conditions. We confirm known pleiotropic associations with cardiovascular phenotypes and determine novel associations, notably with cholelithiasis risk. We perform sex-stratified GWAS meta-analysis of lipid levels and show that 3–5% of autosomal lipid-associated loci demonstrate sex-biased effects. Finally, we report 21 novel lipid loci identified on the X chromosome. Many of the sex-biased autosomal and X chromosome lipid loci show pleiotropic associations with sex hormones, emphasizing the role of hormone regulation in lipid metabolism. Conclusions Taken together, our findings provide insights into the biological mechanisms through which associated variants lead to altered lipid levels and potentially cardiovascular disease risk

Implicating genes, pleiotropy, and sexual dimorphism at blood lipid loci through multi-ancestry meta-analysis

Funding GMP, PN, and CW are supported by NHLBI R01HL127564. GMP and PN are supported by R01HL142711. AG acknowledge support from the Wellcome Trust (201543/B/16/Z), European Union Seventh Framework Programme FP7/2007–2013 under grant agreement no. HEALTH-F2-2013–601456 (CVGenes@Target) & the TriPartite Immunometabolism Consortium [TrIC]-Novo Nordisk Foundation’s Grant number NNF15CC0018486. JMM is supported by American Diabetes Association Innovative and Clinical Translational Award 1–19-ICTS-068. SR was supported by the Academy of Finland Center of Excellence in Complex Disease Genetics (Grant No 312062), the Finnish Foundation for Cardiovascular Research, the Sigrid Juselius Foundation, and University of Helsinki HiLIFE Fellow and Grand Challenge grants. EW was supported by the Finnish innovation fund Sitra (EW) and Finska Läkaresällskapet. CNS was supported by American Heart Association Postdoctoral Fellowships 15POST24470131 and 17POST33650016. Charles N Rotimi is supported by Z01HG200362. Zhe Wang, Michael H Preuss, and Ruth JF Loos are supported by R01HL142302. NJT is a Wellcome Trust Investigator (202802/Z/16/Z), is the PI of the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (MRC & WT 217065/Z/19/Z), is supported by the University of Bristol NIHR Biomedical Research Centre (BRC-1215–2001) and the MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (MC_UU_00011), and works within the CRUK Integrative Cancer Epidemiology Programme (C18281/A19169). Ruth E Mitchell is a member of the MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol funded by the MRC (MC_UU_00011/1). Simon Haworth is supported by the UK National Institute for Health Research Academic Clinical Fellowship. Paul S. de Vries was supported by American Heart Association grant number 18CDA34110116. Julia Ramierz acknowledges support by the People Programme of the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme grant n° 608765 and Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant n° 786833. Maria Sabater-Lleal is supported by a Miguel Servet contract from the ISCIII Spanish Health Institute (CP17/00142) and co-financed by the European Social Fund. Jian Yang is funded by the Westlake Education Foundation. Olga Giannakopoulou has received funding from the British Heart Foundation (BHF) (FS/14/66/3129). CHARGE Consortium cohorts were supported by R01HL105756. Study-specific acknowledgements are available in the Additional file 32: Supplementary Note. The views expressed in this manuscript are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; the National Institutes of Health; or the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Implicating genes, pleiotropy, and sexual dimorphism at blood lipid loci through multi-ancestry meta-analysis

Funding Information: GMP, PN, and CW are supported by NHLBI R01HL127564. GMP and PN are supported by R01HL142711. AG acknowledge support from the Wellcome Trust (201543/B/16/Z), European Union Seventh Framework Programme FP7/2007–2013 under grant agreement no. HEALTH-F2-2013–601456 (CVGenes@Target) & the TriPartite Immunometabolism Consortium [TrIC]-Novo Nordisk Foundation’s Grant number NNF15CC0018486. JMM is supported by American Diabetes Association Innovative and Clinical Translational Award 1–19-ICTS-068. SR was supported by the Academy of Finland Center of Excellence in Complex Disease Genetics (Grant No 312062), the Finnish Foundation for Cardiovascular Research, the Sigrid Juselius Foundation, and University of Helsinki HiLIFE Fellow and Grand Challenge grants. EW was supported by the Finnish innovation fund Sitra (EW) and Finska Läkaresällskapet. CNS was supported by American Heart Association Postdoctoral Fellowships 15POST24470131 and 17POST33650016. Charles N Rotimi is supported by Z01HG200362. Zhe Wang, Michael H Preuss, and Ruth JF Loos are supported by R01HL142302. NJT is a Wellcome Trust Investigator (202802/Z/16/Z), is the PI of the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (MRC & WT 217065/Z/19/Z), is supported by the University of Bristol NIHR Biomedical Research Centre (BRC-1215–2001) and the MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (MC_UU_00011), and works within the CRUK Integrative Cancer Epidemiology Programme (C18281/A19169). Ruth E Mitchell is a member of the MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol funded by the MRC (MC_UU_00011/1). Simon Haworth is supported by the UK National Institute for Health Research Academic Clinical Fellowship. Paul S. de Vries was supported by American Heart Association grant number 18CDA34110116. Julia Ramierz acknowledges support by the People Programme of the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme grant n° 608765 and Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant n° 786833. Maria Sabater-Lleal is supported by a Miguel Servet contract from the ISCIII Spanish Health Institute (CP17/00142) and co-financed by the European Social Fund. Jian Yang is funded by the Westlake Education Foundation. Olga Giannakopoulou has received funding from the British Heart Foundation (BHF) (FS/14/66/3129). CHARGE Consortium cohorts were supported by R01HL105756. Study-specific acknowledgements are available in the Additional file : Supplementary Note. The views expressed in this manuscript are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; the National Institutes of Health; or the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Publisher Copyright: © 2022, The Author(s).Background: Genetic variants within nearly 1000 loci are known to contribute to modulation of blood lipid levels. However, the biological pathways underlying these associations are frequently unknown, limiting understanding of these findings and hindering downstream translational efforts such as drug target discovery. Results: To expand our understanding of the underlying biological pathways and mechanisms controlling blood lipid levels, we leverage a large multi-ancestry meta-analysis (N = 1,654,960) of blood lipids to prioritize putative causal genes for 2286 lipid associations using six gene prediction approaches. Using phenome-wide association (PheWAS) scans, we identify relationships of genetically predicted lipid levels to other diseases and conditions. We confirm known pleiotropic associations with cardiovascular phenotypes and determine novel associations, notably with cholelithiasis risk. We perform sex-stratified GWAS meta-analysis of lipid levels and show that 3–5% of autosomal lipid-associated loci demonstrate sex-biased effects. Finally, we report 21 novel lipid loci identified on the X chromosome. Many of the sex-biased autosomal and X chromosome lipid loci show pleiotropic associations with sex hormones, emphasizing the role of hormone regulation in lipid metabolism. Conclusions: Taken together, our findings provide insights into the biological mechanisms through which associated variants lead to altered lipid levels and potentially cardiovascular disease risk.Peer reviewe

Effects of professional development activities in Mathematics

Der Beitrag befasst sich mit der Fortbildung von Mathematiklehrkräften im Projekt der Deutschen Telekom Stiftung „Mathematik Anders Machen“ und untersucht Effekte, welche sich in Zusammenhang mit Erwartungen und Bewertungen der Teilnehmenden und Referenten bezüglich der jeweiligen Veranstaltung, der Lernziele der Veranstaltungen sowie des Transfers des Gelernten in die Praxis ergeben. Die Befunde zeigen, dass die 561 teilnehmenden Lehrkräfte vor allem das Einbringen von praktischen Beispielen, die Weitergabe von Arbeitsmaterial sowie die professionelle Vorbereitung von den Referenten erwarten. Die wichtigsten Aspekte einer Fortbildungsveranstaltung sind für die Teilnehmenden die Klarheit der Ziele, die Strukturierung und Gliederung des Stoffes sowie die Auswahl von Texten und Material. Der Transfer des Gelernten in die Unterrichtspraxis kann erklärt werden durch die Vorbereitung des Transfers der Inhalte der Fortbildung in die Unterrichtspraxis bereits innerhalb der Fortbildungsveranstaltung sowie durch das Ausmaß der Vorbereitung der Teilnehmenden auf die Fortbildung. Das Erreichen der Lernziele wird erklärt durch die Vorbereitung des Transfers der Inhalte der Fortbildung in die Unterrichtspraxis bereits in der Fortbildungsveranstaltung, die inhaltliche Schwerpunktsetzung der Veranstaltung, das fachliche Vorwissen der Teilnehmenden, die Vorinformation der Referenten über die Teilnehmenden, die didaktischen Fähigkeiten der Teilnehmenden, die fachdidaktische und pädagogische Qualifikation der Referenten sowie die Mitarbeit der Teilnehmenden in der Veranstaltung. (DIPF/Orig.)The study focuses on mathematics teachers’ professional development activities in a project of the Telekom Stiftung “Mathematik Anders Machen” examining effects regarding expectations to and assessments of the professional development, educational objectives and transfer of learning content by lecturers and participants. Results show that participants expect practical examples, teaching aids and professional preparation of lecturers. Clearness of objectives, structuring of contents, and choice of materials are the most important aspects for participants. Transfer of learning content is caused by preparation of transfer during the presentation and preparation of participants. Achievement of learning goals is caused by preparation of transfer during the presentation, main focus in respect of contents, previous knowledge of participants, advance information of lecturers with regard to participants, didactical competence of participants, didactical and pedagogical competence of lecturers, and engagement of participants. (DIPF/Orig.

The developmental pedagogical approach in teacher education

Dieser Beitrag stellt den anthropologischen Ansatz von Heinricht Roth in der Vordergrund. Mit dem Hintergrund des Rothschen entwicklungspädagogischen Ansatzes wird der Frage nachgegangen, welche Entwicklungen innerhalb des Lehramtstudiums und des Referendariats angenommen werden können. Diese Annahmen werden an einem Datensatz überprüft. Es zeigt sich, dass die theoretischen Annahmen bestätigt werden können. (DIPF/Orig.)This article overtakes the anthropological position of Roth. Based on the developmental education of Roth the question arises, which hypothetic developments students within their teacher education show. The assumption could be proofed on the basis of a data set. It can be shown that the data fit the theoretical assumptions. (DIPF/Orig.