Детерминанты непрерывного социального благополучия

Особую значимость сегодня приобретает проблема непрерывного, "пожизненного" социального благополучия. В связи с этим важно проанализировать его условия, связанные не только с социальными трансфертами, но и с научно-техническим прогрессом. Эти условия - технологические детерминанты социального благополучия - формируются на нескольких этапах промышленного развития, - как способы вовлечения широких масс населения в производство благ, в получение образования, в применение профессиональных навыков в течение всей жизни. Для грядущего - инновационно-цифрового этапа роста социального благополучия - основной его формой является сетевое благополучие

Investigation of Visual System Involvement in Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 14

Spinocerebellar ataxia type 14 (SCA-PRKCG, formerly SCA14) is a rare, slowly progressive disorder caused by conventional mutations in protein kinase Cγ (PKCγ). The disease usually manifests with ataxia, but previous reports suggested PRKCG variants in retinal pathology. To systematically investigate for the first time visual function and retinal morphology in patients with SCA-PRKCG. Seventeen patients with PRKCG variants and 17 healthy controls were prospectively recruited, of which 12 genetically confirmed SCA-PRKCG patients and 14 matched controls were analyzed. We enquired a structured history for visual symptoms. Vision-related quality of life was obtained with the National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire (NEI-VFQ) including the Neuro-Ophthalmic Supplement (NOS). Participants underwent testing of visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, visual fields, and retinal morphology with optical coherence tomography (OCT). Measurements of the SCA-PRKCG group were analyzed for their association with clinical parameters (ataxia rating and disease duration). SCA-PRKCG patients rate their vision-related quality of life in NEI-VFQ significantly worse than controls. Furthermore, binocular visual acuity and contrast sensitivity were worse in SCA-PRKCG patients compared with controls. Despite this, none of the OCT measurements differed between groups. NEI-VFQ and NOS composite scores were related to ataxia severity. Additionally, we describe one patient with a genetic variant of uncertain significance in the catalytic domain of PKCγ who, unlike all confirmed SCA-PRKCG, presented with a clinically silent epitheliopathy. SCA-PRKCG patients had reduced binocular vision and vision-related quality of life. Since no structural retinal damage was found, the pathomechanism of these findings remains unclear

Cardiac Troponin and Recurrent Major Vascular Events after Minor Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack

Objective: This study was undertaken to investigate whether high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) is associated with major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in patients with minor stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA), and whether this association differs after risk stratification based on the Age, Blood Pressure, Clinical Features, Duration of Symptoms, Diabetes (ABCD2 ) score. Methods: INSPiRE-TMS was a randomized controlled trial allocating patients with minor stroke or TIA to an intensified support program or conventional care. In this post hoc analysis, participants were categorized using hs-cTnT levels (5th generation; Roche Diagnostics, Manheim, Germany; 99th percentile upper reference limit [URL] = 14ng/l). Vascular risk was stratified using the ABCD2 score (lower risk = 0-5 vs higher risk = 6-7). Cox proportional hazard regression was performed using covariate adjustment and propensity score matching (PSM) for the association between hs-cTnT and MACE (stroke/nonfatal coronary event/vascular death). Results: Among 889 patients (mean age = 70 years, 37% female), MACE occurred in 153 patients (17.2%) during a mean follow-up of 3.2 years. hs-cTnT was associated with MACE (9.3%/yr, >URL vs 4.4%/yr, ≤URL, adjusted hazard ratio [HR] = 1.63 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.13-2.35], adjusted HR [Q4 vs Q1 ] = 2.57 [95% CI = 1.35-4.97], adjusted HR [log-transformed] = 2.31 [95% CI = 1.37-3.89]). This association remained after PSM (adjusted HR = 1.76 [95% CI = 1.14-2.72]). There was a significant interaction between hs-cTnT and ABCD2 category for MACE occurrence (pinteraction = 0.04). In the lower risk category, MACE rate was 9.5%/yr in patients with hs-cTnT > URL, which was higher than in those ≤URL (3.8%/yr) and similar to the overall rate in the higher risk category. Interpretation: hs-cTnT levels are associated with incident MACE within 3 years after minor stroke or TIA and may help to identify high-risk individuals otherwise deemed at lower risk based on the ABCD2 score. If confirmed in independent validation studies, this might warrant intensified secondary prevention measures and cardiac diagnostics in stroke patients with elevated hs-cTnT

Systematic review investigating the reporting of comorbidities and medication in randomized controlled trials of people with dementia

Objectives: dementia is a debilitating condition characterised by global loss of cognitive and intellectual functioning, which reduces social and occupational performance. This population frequently presents with medical co-morbidities such as hypertension, cardiovascular disease and diabetes. The CONSORT statement outlines recommended guidance on reporting of participant characteristics in clinical trials. It is, however, unclear how much these are adhered to in trials assessing people with dementia. This paper assesses the reporting of medical co-morbidities and prescribed medications for people with dementia within randomised controlled trial (RCT) reports. Design: a systematic review of the published literature from the databases AMED, CINAHL, MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane Clinical Trial Registry from 1 January 1997 to 9 January 2014 was undertaken in order to identify RCTs detailing baseline medical co-morbidities and prescribed medications . Eligible studies were appraised using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) RCT appraisal tool, and descriptive statistical analyses were calculated to determine point prevalence. Results: nine trials, including 1474 people with dementia, were identified presenting medical co-morbidity data. These indicated neurological disorders ( prevalence 91%), vascular disorders (prevalence 91%), cardiac disorders ( prevalence 74%) and ischaemic cerebrovascular disease ( prevalence 53%) were most frequently seen. Conclusions: published RCTs poorly report medical co-morbidities and medications for people with dementia. Future trials should include the report of these items to allow interpretation of whether the results are generalisable to frailer older populations

Universal de Sitter solutions at tree-level

Type IIA string theory compactified on SU(3)-structure manifolds with orientifolds allows for classical de Sitter solutions in four dimensions. In this paper we investigate these solutions from a ten-dimensional point of view. In particular, we demonstrate that there exists an attractive class of de Sitter solutions, whose geometry, fluxes and source terms can be entirely written in terms of the universal forms that are defined on all SU(3)-structure manifolds. These are the forms J and Omega, defining the SU(3)-structure itself, and the torsion classes. The existence of such universal de Sitter solutions is governed by easy-to-verify conditions on the SU(3)-structure, rendering the problem of finding dS solutions purely geometrical. We point out that the known (unstable) solution coming from the compactification on SU(2)x SU(2) is of this kind.Comment: 20 pages, 3 figures, v2: added reference

Evaluation of Visual System Involvement in Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 14

Hintergrund: Die Spinozerebelläre Ataxie Typ 14 (SCA 14) ist eine autosomal-dominant vererbte, neurodegenerative Erkrankung, der konventionelle Mutationen im Proteinkinase Cγ Gen (PRKCG) zu Grunde liegen. Die Proteinkinase Cγ (PKCγ) ist ein hochspezialisiertes und komplex reguliertes Enzym, das nahezu ausschließlich im ZNS und im Auge exprimiert wird. Klinisch ist die SCA 14 durch einen langsam progredienten und milden Verlauf charakterisiert. Sehstörungen sind bei einigen hereditären Ataxien beschrieben und Fallberichte fanden auch visuelle Einschränkungen und retinale Auffälligkeiten bei SCA 14 Patienten. Das Ziel der aktuellen Untersuchung war die Beteiligung des visuellen Systems bei Patienten mit SCA 14 in den Bereichen Sehkraft-assoziierte Lebensqualität, Sehfunktion, Gesichtsfeld und retinaler Morphologie zu evaluieren. Methoden: Aus einer multizentrischen Beobachtungsstudie zur SCA 14 wurden 12 Patienten mit wahrscheinlich pathogener PRKCG-Variante und 14 gesunde Kontrollen (GK) zur statistischen Analyse eingeschlossen. Wir erhoben eine strukturierte Anamnese bezüglich ophthalmologischer Vorerkrankungen. Es wurden die Erkrankungsschwere durch den Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA) und den Inventory of Non-Ataxia Signs (INAS) Score sowie die Erkrankungsdauer erfasst. Alle SCA 14 Patienten wurden auf das Vorliegen von Störungen der Okulomotorik untersucht. Die Sehkraft-bezogene Lebensqualität wurde mit dem „National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire“ (NEI-VFQ) und der neuro-ophthalmologischen Ergänzung (NOS) erfasst. Der Visus wurde monokulär und binokulär anhand der ETDRS-Tafeln bestimmt, während das Kontrastsehen binokulär mit dem F.A.C.T. Test bestimmt wurde. Die Gesichtsfelder wurden durch eine statischen Schwellenwert-Perimetrie untersucht. Mit Hilfe der optischen Kohärenztomographie (OCT) mit integriertem Scanning Laser Ophthalmoskop wurde auf strukturelle Veränderungen in der Retina geprüft. Innerhalb der SCA 14 Kohorte wurde nach Korrelationen zur Erkrankungsschwere und -dauer gesucht. Ergebnisse: SCA 14 Patienten bewerteten ihre Sehkraft-bezogene Lebensqualität insbesondere in den Kategorien Fernsicht und peripheres Sehen signifikant schlechter als GK. Zudem waren der binokuläre Visus und die Kontrastsensitivität bei SCA 14 Patienten schlechter. Es fand sich weder eine Okulomotorikstörung noch eine OCT-morphologische Veränderung, die diese Gruppenunterschiede hinreichend erklären konnten. Die Summenscores der NEI-VFQ- und NOS-Fragebögen korrelierten mit der Erkrankungsschwere. Zusätzlich wird in der vorliegenden Arbeit ein Patient mit einer genetischen Variante in der katalytischen Domäne des PRKCG Gens beschrieben. Bei diesem fand sich eine klinisch stumme Pigmentepitheliopathie unklarer Ätiologie. Diskussion: Aufgrund der fehlenden morphologischen Veränderungen in der OCT bleibt die Ursache der verminderten Sehkraft-bezogenen Lebensqualität und die reduzierten binokulären Visustests in der SCA 14 Kohorte unklar. Kognitive Funktionseinbußen, ultrastrukturelle Veränderungen im Bereich der Sehbahn, die der OCT-Untersuchung entgehen oder Störungen der visuellen Wahrnehmung sind als Ursache dieser Befunde zu diskutieren.Background: Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 14 (SCA 14) is an autosomal-dominantly inherited, neurodegenerative disease caused by conventional mutations in the protein kinase Cγ gene (PRKCG). Protein kinase Cγ (PKCγ) is a complexly regulated enzyme, which is almost exclusively expressed in the CNS and the eye. Clinically, SCA 14 shows a slowly progressive and mild course of disease. Visual disturbances have been described in some hereditary ataxias and case reports suggested retinal pathology and visual disturbance in SCA 14 patients. The objective of the present work was to evaluate an affection of the visual system in SCA 14 patients by assessing vision-related quality of life, visual function, visual fields and retinal morphology. Methods: We recruited 12 patients with likely pathogen PRKCG variants and 14 matched controls of a multicentre observational trial for statistical evaluation. We enquired a structured history for visual symptoms. Measurements of the SCA 14 group were analysed for their association with clinical parameters (ataxia rating and disease duration). We assessed disease severity using the Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA) and the Inventory of Non-Ataxia Signs (INAS) score and disease duration. All SCA 14 patients were clinically examined regarding eye movement disorders. Vision-related quality of life was obtained with the National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire (NEI-VFQ) including the Neuro-Ophthalmic Supplement (NOS). Participants underwent testing of monocular and binocular visual acuity using ETDRS charts, while contrast sensitivity was tested binocularly using F.A.C.T. charts. Visual fields were examined using static threshold perimetry. By the use of optical coherence tomography (OCT), we checked for morphological anomalies in the retina. Results: In the NEI-VFQ, SCA 14 patients rated their vision-related quality of life significantly worse than controls, especially regarding distance and peripheral vision. Moreover, SCA 14 had lower binocular visual acuity and contrast sensitivity compared to controls. Despite this, we found neither ocular motor disturbances nor retinal anomalies in the OCT sufficiently explaining between-group differences. There was an inverse correlation between NEI-VFQ and NOS composite scores and disease severity. Additionally, we describe one patient with a genetic variant of uncertain significance in the catalytic domain of PRKCG who presented with a clinically silent epitheliopathy. Discussion: SCA 14 patients had reduced binocular vision and vision-related quality of life. Since no structural retinal damage was found, the pathomechanism of these findings remains unclear. Cognitive impairment, ultrastructural alterations not detected by OCT and disturbances of visual perception may be potential explanations

Observatorios urbanos e indicadores de género y violencia social

Tema del mesEl monitoreo y control de indicadores de género y violencia social, a través de los observatorios urbanos, es de reciente creación. Los observatorios urbanos son organismos locales que vinculan al sector gubernamental y la sociedad civil con los investigadores expertos en materia de violencia social y género. El presente escrito se constituye de tres apartados, en el primero se hace referencia a la definición, funciones y alcances de los observatorios urbanos y la agenda política sobre la violencia social y género vinculada a los Objetivos de Desarrollo del Milenio y la Agenda Habitat. En el segundo, se presenta la aproximación metodológica de los indicadores (definición operativa) y los elementos de análisis (pertinencia del indicador, datos u obtención de la información, comprensión capacidad de predicción y la valoración) y evaluación (significado, relevancia, uso, discusión y significado o difícil de ejecutar). Finalmente, en la tercera parte, se muestra el ejemplo de la aplicación de los indicadores en las ciudades de Cancún, Cozumel y Playa del Carmen, Quintana RooThe control and monitoring of indicators of gender and social violence is newly created by the urban observatories. The urban observatories are local agencies that link the government sector and civil society with senior researchers in the field of social violence and gender. This paper is divided in three sections; the first refers to the definition, scope and functions of urban observatories and the political agenda on social violence and gender linked to the Millennium Development Goals and the Habitat programme. The second presents the methodological approach of the indicators (operational definition) and elements of analysis (relevance of the indicator, data or obtaining information, understanding and prediction capability assessment) and evaluation (meaning, relevance, use, discussion and problems of implementation). The third part, finally is demonstrating an indicator set for three cities in Quintana Roo: Cancun, Cozumel and Playa del Carme