69 research outputs found
Atomic force microscopy based nanoassay: A new method to study \u3b1-Synuclein-dopamine bioaffinity interactions
Intrinsically Disordered Proteins (IDPs) are characterized by the lack of well-defined 3-D structure and show high conformational plasticity. For this reason, they are a strong challenge for the traditional characterization of structure, supramolecular assembly and biorecognition phenomena. We show here how the fine tuning of protein orientation on a surface turns useful in the reliable testing of biorecognition interactions of IDPs, in particular \u3b1-Synuclein. We exploited atomic force microscopy (AFM) for the selective, nanoscale confinement of \u3b1-Synuclein on gold to study the early stages of \u3b1-Synuclein aggregation and the effect of small molecules, like dopamine, on the aggregation process. Capitalizing on the high sensitivity of AFM topographic height measurements we determined, for the first time in the literature, the dissociation constant of dopamine-\u3b1-Synuclein adducts
Post translational changes to Ξ±-synuclein control iron and dopamine trafficking : a concept for neuron vulnerability in Parkinson's disease
Parkinson's disease is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder, the aetiology of which remains elusive. The primary clinical feature of progressively impaired motor control is caused by a loss of midbrain substantia nigra dopamine neurons that have a high Ξ±-synuclein (Ξ±-syn) and iron content. Ξ±-Syn is a neuronal protein that is highly modified post-translationally and central to the Lewy body neuropathology of the disease. This review provides an overview of findings on the role post translational modifications to Ξ±-syn have in membrane binding and intracellular vesicle trafficking. Furthermore, we propose a concept in which acetylation and phosphorylation of Ξ±-syn modulate endocytic import of iron and vesicle transport of dopamine during normal physiology. Disregulated phosphorylation and oxidation of Ξ±-syn mediate iron and dopamine dependent oxidative stress through impaired cellular location and increase propensity for Ξ±-syn aggregation. The proposition highlights a connection between Ξ±-syn, iron and dopamine, three pathological components associated with disease progression in sporadic Parkinson's disease
Absence of N-terminal acetyltransferase diversification during evolution of eukaryotic organisms
Protein N-terminal acetylation is an ancient and ubiquitous co-translational modification catalyzed by a highly conserved family of N-terminal acetyltransferases (NATs). Prokaryotes have at least 3 NATs, whereas humans have six distinct but highly conserved NATs, suggesting an increase in regulatory complexity of this modification during eukaryotic evolution. Despite this, and against our initial expectations, we determined that NAT diversification did not occur in the eukaryotes, as all six major human NATs were most likely present in the Last Eukaryotic Common Ancestor (LECA). Furthermore, we also observed that some NATs were actually secondarily lost during evolution of major eukaryotic lineages; therefore, the increased complexity of the higher eukaryotic proteome occurred without a concomitant diversification of NAT complexes
Uncovering the Importance of Selenium in Muscle Disease
A connection between selenium bioavailability and development of muscular
disorders both in humans and livestock has been established for a long time.
With the development of genomics, the function of several selenoproteins was
shown to be involved in muscle activity, including SELENON, which was linked to
an inherited form of myopathy. Development of animal models has helped to dissect
the physiological dysfunction due to mutation in the SELENON gene; however the
molecular activity remains elusive and only recent analysis using both in vivo and
in vitro experiment provided hints toward its function in oxidative stress defence
and calcium transport control. This review sets out to summarise most recent findings
for the importance of selenium in muscle function and the contribution of this
information to the design of strategies to cure the diseases
ΠΠΠΠ―ΠΠΠ ΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠ― ΠΠ Π‘ΠΠΠΠ‘Π’ΠΠ ΠΠ’ΠΠΠΠΠ ΠΠ Π‘ΠΠΠΠΠ ΠΠ»-5
The influence of silicon within the branded structure limits on moulding mechanical properties is studied using alloy Ml-5 industrial casting. It was shown, that silicon raises metal properties in admissible limits. The silicon influence on alloy Ml-5 cast details structure and properties was established.Β ΠΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠ»Π°Π²ΠΊΠ°Ρ
ΡΠΏΠ»Π°Π²Π° ΠΠ»-5 ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π°Ρ
ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π° Π½Π° ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π° Π»ΠΈΡΡΡ. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΈΠΉ Π² Π΄ΠΎΠΏΡΡΡΠΈΠΌΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π°Ρ
ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ°Π΅Ρ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»Π°. Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠΊ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠΏΠ»Π°Π²Π° ΠΠ»-5.
Π£Π»ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ½Π° Ρ Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ° Π΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΎΡΠΊΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ° Π°Π½Π°ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½Π³ΡΠΎΠΌ
Taking into account high prevalence of meningiomas (35 %) among other intracranial tumors and variety of their histological structure, electron microscopy (EM) can provide important diagnostic information and be substantially complementary to light microscopy data and immunohistochemical studies.Objective: to study ultrastructural changes in benign and anaplastic meningiomas and to establish the main differential diagnostic ultrastructural features of meningiomas of different grades.Material and Methods: light microscopy and EM studies were conducted using 35 cases of meningioma.Results: Our EM data allow highlighting the characteristic ultrastructural changes in different subtypes of benign meningiomas. In particular, meningothelial subtype comprised of cells with homogeneous structure with light oval nuclei, with evenly arranged finely granular chromatin, well differentiated cell-cell contacts such as desmosomes. Cytoplasmic membranes of adjacent cells adhered to one another, forming small intussusceptions sometimes, which penetrated into the neighboring cells, which significantly increased the contact area of adjacent cells. Fibroblastic meningiomas were rich in modified fibroblasts, which contained bizarre nuclei of irregular shape with compact chromatin arrangement near the nuclear membrane. Also there were plenty bundles of collagen fibrils with the orderly assembled collagen fibers as well as with a chaotic arrangement. Transitional meningiomas were characterized by the combination of meningothelial like areas and areas of typical fibroblastic differentiation. EM changes were similar to meningothelial and fibrous meningiomas.Anaplastic meningiomas were characterized by increased in size or pyknotic nuclei,Β presence of nuclei with deep intussusceptions, a significant dilution of chromatin structure,Β focal disturbances of karyolemma integrity, vacuolization of intracellular membrane structures and extracellular edema, a significant reduction of cell-cell contacts.Conclusions: The ultrastructural features of benign meningiomas are reflected in the presence of desmosomes in meningothelial subtypes, a significant number of collagen fibrils in the fibroblastic subtypes, which confirms the double epithelial-mesenchymal histogenesis of these tumors. The cells of anaplastic meningiomas were characterized by marked signs of nuclear polymorphism, processes of alteration such as karyopyknosis and apoptosis, as well as a significant reduction of cell-cell contacts, which can promote recurrence and possible metastasizing.Π£ΡΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°Ρ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΈΠΎΠΌ (Π΄ΠΎ 35 %) ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ
Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΡ
Π³ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΠΈ (ΠΠ) ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π΄Π°Π²Π°ΡΡ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΡΡ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΡΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΡΡ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΎΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ.Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ β ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈ Π°Π½Π°ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΈΠΎΠΌΠ°Ρ
ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ-Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΈΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΠΈ Π·Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ.ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. Π‘Π²Π΅ΡΠΎΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΠ-ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΈΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π½Π° ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π΅ 35 Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ.Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ. ΠΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΠ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡ Π²ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΡ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½ΡΠ°Ρ
Π΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΈΠΎΠΌ. Π ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΎΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ·Π½ΡΠΉ Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π» ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΎ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ»ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ΄ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, Ρ ΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ
ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½Π°, Ρ
ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΈΠΏΠ° Π΄Π΅ΡΠΌΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ. Π¦ΠΈΡΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΌΠ±ΡΠ°Π½Ρ ΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ»Π΅Π³Π°Π»ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ ΠΊ Π΄ΡΡΠ³Ρ, ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅Π»ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ½Π²Π°Π³ΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΈ Π² ΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π»ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ. Π ΡΠΈΠ±ΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΈΠΎΠΌΠ°Ρ
ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°Π»ΠΈ Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΈΠ±ΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΡ, ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅, Π½Π΅ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡ ΡΠ΄ΡΠ° Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°ΠΊΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Ρ
ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½Π° Ρ ΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΌΠ±ΡΠ°Π½Ρ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΏΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»Π°Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΠ±ΡΠΈΠ»Π» ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Ρ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»Π°Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ Ρ Ρ
Π°ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΈΠΎΠΌΡ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΎΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠΏΠ° ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ² Ρ ΡΠΈΠΏΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΠ±ΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΎΠΉ. ΠΡΠΈ ΠΠ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ±Π½Ρ ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΎΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ·Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ±ΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΈΠΎΠΌΠ°ΠΌ.ΠΠ½Π°ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΈΠΎΠΌΡ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ° ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΈΠΊΠ½ΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ΄Π΅Ρ, Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ΄Π΅Ρ Ρ Π³Π»ΡΠ±ΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Π²Π°Π³ΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ, ΡΠΎ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ Ρ
ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½Π°, ΠΎΡΠ°Π³ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠΌΡ, ΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ Π²Π°ΠΊΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΠΌΠ±ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡ ΠΈ Π²Π½Π΅ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΡΠΊΠ°, Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΠ².ΠΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ. Π£Π»ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΈΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΌΠΎΡΠΎΠΌΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΎΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ·Π½ΡΡ
Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½ΡΠ°Ρ
, Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»Π°Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΠ±ΡΠΈΠ»Π» Π² ΡΠΈΠ±ΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½ΡΠ°Ρ
, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΆΠ΄Π°Π΅Ρ Π΄Π²ΠΎΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΌΠ΅Π·Π΅Π½Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π³ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅Π· ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΉ. ΠΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π°Π½Π°ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΈΠΎΠΌ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ°, ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π°Π»ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π² Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠΏΠΈΠΊΠ½ΠΎΠ·Π° ΠΈ Π°ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ·Π°, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΠ², ΡΡΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ².ΠΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΎΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½Π³ΡΠΎΠΌ (Π΄ΠΎ 35 %) ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄ ΡΠ½ΡΠΈΡ
Π²Π½ΡΡΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΡ
Π»ΠΈΠ½ Ρ ΡΡΠ·Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ½ΡΡΡΡ ΡΡ
Π½ΡΠΎΡ Π³ΡΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡ Π±ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΈ, Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½Π½Ρ Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΡ ΠΌΡΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΡΡ (ΠΠ) ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅ Π΄Π°Π²Π°ΡΠΈ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ»ΠΈΠ²Ρ Π΄ΡΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ½Ρ ΡΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡ ΡΠ° ΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠΈ Π΄Π°Π½Ρ ΡΠ²ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ° ΡΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΡΡΡΠΎΡ
ΡΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ.ΠΠ΅ΡΠ° ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠΈ β Π²ΠΈΠ²ΡΠΈΡΠΈ ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ½Ρ Π·ΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΎΡΠΊΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ° Π°Π½Π°ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½Π³ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°Ρ
Ρ Π²ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ½Ρ Π΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠΉΠ½ΠΎ-Π΄ΡΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ½Ρ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π»ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½Π³ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠ·Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠΏΠ΅Π½Ρ Π·Π»ΠΎΡΠΊΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ.ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ ΡΠ° ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈ. Π‘Π²ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ½Π΅ ΡΠ° ΠΠ-Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½Π³ΡΠΎΠΌ Π·Π΄ΡΠΉΡΠ½Π΅Π½Π΅ Π½Π° ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Π»Ρ 33 ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ.Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈ. ΠΠ°Π½Ρ ΠΠ, ΡΠΎ ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½Ρ, Π΄Π°ΡΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ»ΠΈΠ²ΡΡΡΡ Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Ρ ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ½Ρ Π·ΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈ Π² ΡΡΠ·Π½ΠΈΡ
Π²Π°ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ°Ρ
Π΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΎΡΠΊΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½Π³ΡΠΎΠΌ. ΠΠΎΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°, ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½Π³ΠΎΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π²Π°ΡΡΠ°Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΡ
Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈ ΠΌΡΡΡΠΈΠ² ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΡΠ΄Π½Ρ Π·Π° Π±ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈ Π·Ρ ΡΠ²ΡΡΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ΄ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, Π· ΡΡΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ Π΄ΡΡΠ±Π½ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ
ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ, Π΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ Π΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠΉΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΡΠΆΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΈΠΏΡ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΌΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ. Π¦ΠΈΡΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ½Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΌΠ±ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ½ ΡΡΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ³Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π° Π΄ΠΎ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡ, ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡΡΡΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ±Π½Ρ ΡΠ½Π²Π°Π³ΡΠ½Π°ΡΡΡ, ΡΠΊΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΈ Π² ΡΡΡΡΠ΄Π½Ρ ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈ, ΡΠΎ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π·Π±ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ²Π°Π»ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ½. Π£ ΡΡΠ±ΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½Π³ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°Ρ
ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²Π°ΠΆΠ°Π»ΠΈ Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΡΠ½Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΡΠ±ΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ, ΡΠΊΡ ΠΌΡΡΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½Ρ, Π½Π΅ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ΄ΡΠ° Π· ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°ΠΊΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ·ΠΌΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ Ρ
ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ Π±ΡΠ»Ρ ΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΌΠ±ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΆ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ³Π°Π»Π°ΡΡ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΡΠΊΡΠ² ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π°Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ±ΡΠΈΠ» ΡΠΊ ΡΠ· Π²ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΌ Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π°Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ
Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½, ΡΠ°ΠΊ Ρ Π· Ρ
Π°ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΡΠ΄Π½Ρ ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½Π³ΡΠΎΠΌΠΈ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ·ΡΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΄Π½Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ Π΄ΡΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΊ ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½Π³ΠΎΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠΏΡ ΡΠ° Π΄ΡΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΊ ΡΠ· ΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΌ ΡΡΠ±ΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌ Π΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ. ΠΡΠΈ ΠΠ Π·ΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ±Π½Ρ ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½Π³ΠΎΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΌ Ρ ΡΡΠ±ΡΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½Π³ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΠΌ.ΠΠ½Π°ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½Ρ ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½Π³ΡΠΎΠΌΠΈ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ·ΡΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡ Π·Π±ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ·ΠΌΡΡΡ Π°Π±ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΊΠ½ΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ΄Π΅Ρ, Π½Π°ΡΠ²Π½ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ΄Π΅Ρ ΡΠ· Π³Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ½Π²Π°Π³ΡΠ½Π°ΡΡΡΠΌΠΈ, Π·Ρ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ·ΡΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠΈ Ρ
ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ, Π²ΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π²ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠΈ, ΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π²Π°ΠΊΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·Π°ΡΡΡ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠΎΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΠΌΠ±ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π°Π±ΡΡΠΊΡ, Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΠΌΡΠΆΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΡΠ².ΠΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ. Π£Π»ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ½Ρ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π»ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΎΡΠΊΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½Π³ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΠ²Π½ΡΡΡΡ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΌΠΎΡΠΎΠΌΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΡΠ² Ρ ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½Π³ΠΎΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΡ
Π²Π°ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ°Ρ
, ΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎΡ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΡΠΊΡΠ² ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π°Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ±ΡΠΈΠ» Ρ ΡΡΠ±ΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π²Π°ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ°Ρ
, ΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΄ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΄ΠΆΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²ΡΠΉΠ½ΠΈΠΉ Π΅ΠΏΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΌΠ΅Π·Π΅Π½Ρ
ΡΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ Π³ΡΡΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅Π· ΡΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΡ
Π»ΠΈΠ½.Β ΠΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈ Π°Π½Π°ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½Π³ΡΠΎΠΌ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ·ΡΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΎΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π²ΠΈΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΡΠ·ΠΌΡ, ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π°Π»ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ Ρ Π²ΠΈΠ³Π»ΡΠ΄Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΊΠ½ΠΎΠ·Ρ, Π°ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ·Ρ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΆ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡ ΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΠΌΡΠΆΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΡΠ², ΡΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΈΡΠΊΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ²ΡΠ² Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ»ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ²
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