Larval development of himri, Barbus luteus (Cyprinidae: Cypriniformes) reared in the laboratory

Larval development of the himri barbel, Barbus luteus Heckel, reared at 19-22 &iexcl;C in natural daylight is described. Morphological and some functional character appearances were similar to the main ontogenetic steps of development in most cyprinids. Small hatched larvae attained both metamorphosis and a length of 10.5 mm after almost 35 days. Relative growth of the selected body proportions demonstrated typical priorities in growth compared to the length. An ontogenetic index was inferred from applying age and length criteria at metamorphosis as a scale for ontogenetic events.<br /

On the growth and reproductive biology of asp, Aspius vorax, population from the middle reaches of Euphrates river

Endemic asp, Aspius vorax, from the middle section of the Euphrates River flowing through eastern Syria were studied to determine the main characteristics of their population structure, morphological parameters and reproductive biology. Samples ranged between 0+ and 4+ years of age and were dominated by 2+ years old group. Total length (TL) ranged between 19 and 70 cm corresponding with 46 to 2824.5 g weight, respectively. Fish growth has isometric pattern and the overall sex ratio was unbiased. Seasonal changes in the condition factor were related with the water temperature as well as the spawning season. Annual cycle of gonadosomatic index (GSI) readings indicated that spawning season occur around March when fish longer than 36 cm can mate. Average pre-spawning GSI was greater in individuals older than 2 years. Meanwhile, female fecundity was highly related to TL and weight. These findings did not always concur with previous observations from other asp populations, mainly in southern and northern Mesopotamia. Our results highlighted basic biological aspects of the local population and indicated differences between populations which can assist in fisheries management, conservation and commercial culture of the investigated species.<br /

Effect of Antiulcer on the Liver functions

This study was done in Samarra city from 2-8-2015 until 22-12-2015 and 105 sample was collectedand divided to three groups. The first group 35 patientswere take Ranitidine as antiulcer drug and 35 patients were take Omeprazole antiulcer drug and 35 subjects as control. Patientscomparison were done between each group with control get a result if there is any effect on Liver function that the result were decrease in Alanine transferese (ALT), Aspartate transferese (AST), Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and serum Total Protein (S. Total Protein), and we observed both of Ranitidine and Omeprazole not effect on total serum bilirubin (T.S.B) . The comparison between the two drugs in the impact on function convergent

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Analytical Study of Remorse in Religious Texts in English and Arabic Languages

&nbsp; Remorse is a contrite emotion experienced by a person who regrets actions which are deemed to be hurtful, shameful, or violent. Presumably remorse in religion may be different from that of ordinary life. Furthermore, remorse linguistically manifests itself in different manners and behaviors (direct, indirect, declarative, and imperative). The permanent study confines itself within the religious texts in English and Arabic languages. The data chosen for this purpose are the Old testament of Bible as an English data and Al-Sahifa al Sajadia as an Arabic data. The study targets at showing how in religious text, the majority of remorse are realized in declarative rather than imperative or exclamation utterances though there is a chance for the last two options to occur. Furthermore, most Arabic religious remorse is identified in direct speech acts while English remorse is realized throughout indirect speech act. The study answers a set of empirical questions: 1-What makes remorse different from similar speech acts which seem outwardly the same but inwardly not, like; guilt, regret, repentance and other likes 2- What are the similarities and differences in both languages in question. An eclectic model is adopted for the analysis. The study illustrates that Remorse in religious language is not the same to that one of ordinary life since the former but not necessarily the latter&nbsp; targets repentance to be its own goal. Moreover there is a variation in the use of&nbsp; it in of both languages though there are some similarities. Arabic language proved to be profoundly richer than English. What distinguishes the former is the abundance of exclamation and imperative modes, the descriptive phrases, the direct speech acts besides the active voice and declarative mode which represent the similarities between the two languages

Exploiting IoT and Its Enabled Technologies for Irrigation Needs in Agriculture

The increase in population growth and demand is rapidly depleting natural resources. Irrigation plays a vital role in the productivity and growth of agriculture, consuming no less than 75% of fresh water utilization globally. Irrigation, being the largest consumer of water across the globe, needs refinements in its process, and because it is implemented by individuals (farmers), the use of water for irrigation is not effective. To enhance irrigation management, farmers need to keep track of information such as soil type, climatic conditions, available water resources, soil pH, soil nutrients, and soil moisture to make decisions that resolve or prevent agricultural complexity. Irrigation, a data-driven technology, requires the integration of emerging technologies and modern methodologies to provide solutions to the complex problems faced by agriculture. The paper is an overview of IoT-enabled modern technologies through which irrigation management can be elevated. This paper presents the evolution of irrigation and IoT, factors to be considered for effective irrigation, the need for effective irrigation optimization, and how dynamic irrigation optimization would help reduce water use. The paper also discusses the different IoT architecture and deployment models, sensors, and controllers used in the agriculture field, available cloud platforms for IoT, prominent tools or software used for irrigation scheduling and water need prediction, and machine learning and neural network models for irrigation. Convergence of the tools, technologies and approaches helps in the development of better irrigation management applications. Access to real-time data, such as weather, plant and soil data, must be enhanced for the development of effective irrigation management applications

An Advanced Machine Learning Approach to Predicting Pedestrian Fatality Caused by Road Crashes: A Step toward Sustainable Pedestrian Safety

More than 8000 pedestrians were killed due to road crashes in Australia over the last 30 years. Pedestrians are assumed to be the most vulnerable users of roads. This susceptibility of pedestrians to road crashes conflicts with sustainable transportation objectives. It is critical to know the causes of pedestrian injuries in order to enhance the safety of these vulnerable road users. To achieve this, traditional statistical models are used frequently. However, they have been criticized for their inflexibility in handling outliers and missing or noisy data, and their strict pre-assumptions. This study applied an advanced machine learning algorithm, a Bayesian neural network, which has the characters of both Bayesian theory and neural networks. Several structures of this model were built, and the best structure was selected, which included three hidden neuron layers—sixteen hidden nodes in the first layer and eight hidden nodes in the second and third layers. The performance of this model was compared with the performances of some other machine learning techniques, including standard Bayesian networks, a standard neural network, and a random forest model. The Bayesian neural network model outperformed the other models. In addition, a study on the importance of the features showed that the individuals’ characteristics, time, and circumstantial factors were essential. They greatly increased model performance if the model used them. This research lays the groundwork for using machine learning approaches to alleviate pedestrian deaths caused by road accidents